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The earliest sites of brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease are in the medial temporal lobe, following widespread cerebral cortical amyloid deposition. We assessed 74 cognitively normal participants with clinical measurements, amyloid-β-PET imaging, MRI, and a newly developed technique for MRI-based hippocampal subfield segmentation to determine the differential association of amyloid deposition and hippocampal subfield volume. Compared to amyloid-negative participants, amyloid-positive participants had significantly smaller hippocampal tail, presubiculum, subiculum, and total hippocampal gray matter volumes. We conclude that, prior to the development of cognitive impairment, atrophy in particular hippocampal subfields occurs preferentially with amyloid-β accumulation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/JAD-141743 | DOI Listing |
Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci
November 2025
University of Basel, Department of Clinical Research (DKF), University Psychiatric Clinics, Translational Neurosciences, Basel, Switzerland.
Background: The hippocampus plays a critical role in psychosis, with reduced volume observed across the psychosis continuum. These structural changes are associated with cognitive deficits, symptom severity, and increased risk of psychosis progression. Elevated hippocampal perfusion and glutamate/GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) imbalance further suggest metabolic dysregulation as a key mechanism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchizophr Res
September 2025
Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX, 75390, USA. Electronic address:
Alterations in hippocampal structure and function are established in schizophrenia. However, the specific patterns of hippocampal activity along the schizophrenia course remain unknown. Eighty-five study participants [34 schizophrenia probands (SZ), 32 first-degree relatives (REL), 19 healthy controls (HC)] underwent 3Tesla ultra-high resolution brain MRI (Vascular Space Occupancy); relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV)-an index of regional activity-was estimated across hippocampal subfields: dentate gyrus (DG), CA3, CA1, and subiculum (SUB).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Heart Assoc
September 2025
Department of Radiology, Beijing Friendship Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China.
Background: High blood pressure (BP) is a known risk factor for cognitive decline and dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. We investigated the associations of cumulative BP exposure with hippocampal subfield volume and cognitive function and determined whether hippocampal subfield atrophy mediates the association between cumulative BP exposure and cognitive decline.
Methods: Between December 2020 and March 2023, participants were prospectively included from the Kailuan study.
How do thousands of cell-surface proteins specify billions of neuronal connections in developing brains? We previously found that inverse expression of a ligand-receptor pair, teneurin-3 (Ten3) and latrophilin-2 (Lphn2) in CA1 and subiculum, instructs CA1→subiculum target selection through Ten3-Ten3 homophilic attraction and Ten3-Lphn2 heterophilic reciprocal repulsions. Here, we leveraged conditional knockouts to systematically demonstrate that these mechanisms generalize to extended hippocampal networks, including entorhinal cortex and hypothalamus. Cooperation between attraction and repulsion differs depending on the order in which developing axons encounter the attractant and repellent subfields.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Obes Metab
September 2025
Department of Endocrinology, Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Medical Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
Aims: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) related cognitive impairment links to comorbid and modifiable olfactory dysfunction; however, the efficacy of olfactory training (OT) to mitigate cognitive decline specifically in these patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains unestablished. This study aimed to determine whether OT alleviates cognitive decline in this population.
Materials And Methods: In this 16-week, open-label trial, 60 T2D participants with MCI were randomly assigned (1:1) to OT or routine care (control).