Neurocognitive Biotypes of Risk and Resilience for Mood Disorders in Adolescents: Insights From Behavioral and Graph-Theoretic Network Markers.

Background: Adolescence is a developmental period of increased prevalence of mood disorders, but identifying adolescents who are at risk for or resilient to mood pathology remains a clinical challenge. In the current study, we addressed this challenge by evaluating multidimensional profiles of neurocognitive functioning (biotypes) that may confer vulnerability or protect against psychopathology. Biotypes were derived from neurocognitive data and identified as being resilient or high risk based on their association with future symptoms.

A Novel Approach-Avoidance Task to Study Decision Making Under Outcome Uncertainty.

To behave adaptively, people need to integrate information about probabilistic outcomes and balance drives to approach positive outcomes and avoid negative outcomes. However, questions remain about how uncertainty in positive and negative outcomes influence approach-avoid decision-making dynamics. To fill this gap, we developed a novel Probabilistic Approach Avoidance Task (PAAT) and characterized behavior in this task using sequential sampling models.

Differential modulation of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor selectivity on platelet GPVI and integrin αIIbβ3 bidirectional signalling via BTK/PLCγ2/PKCθ affects haemostasis and thrombosis.

The selectivity of Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) affects the activation of platelet integrin αIIbβ3 differently, and this is related to the glycoprotein VI (GPVI) pathway. However, the distinct regulatory mechanisms remain to be further unravelled. In this research, we explored the impact of two BTKi with different selectivity, ibrutinib and zanubrutinib, on haemostasis and thrombosis by differentially modulating the bidirectional signalling of platelet integrin αIIbβ3.

Rapid start-up of partial nitrification in wastewater through aerobic starvation: remodeling population of four types of bacteria.

Rapid initiation of partial nitration (PN) is critical for the applications of energy-saving partial nitritation-Anammox (PNA) process in wastewater treatment. In this study, PN was rapidly achieved in municipal wastewater via 7-day aerobic starvation and stably maintained with an average nitrite accumulation rate of 92.7 %.

Proteomic insights into the molecular mechanism of anlotinib inhibition in TP53-mutated non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective: Tumor protein 53 (TP53) is the commonly mutated gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that is associated with poor prognosis, and anlotinib exerts inhibitory effects on TP53-mutated NSCLC. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of anlotinib on TP53-mutated NSCLC and its possible mechanism.

Methods: The growth ability of TP53-mutated NSCLC cells were tested by Cell counting kit-8 assay.

Halide Perovskite Inducing Anomalous Nonvolatile Polarization in Poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based Flexible Nanocomposites.

Ferroelectric materials have important applications in transduction, data storage, and nonlinear optics. Inorganic ferroelectrics such as lead zirconate titanate possess large polarization, though they are rigid and brittle. Ferroelectric polymers are light weight and flexible, yet their polarization is low, bottlenecked at 10 μC cm.

Optical feedback noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry for sub-Doppler-broadened detection of CH: publisher's note.

This publisher's note contains a correction to Opt. Lett.49, 202 (2024)10.

Optical feedback noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry for sub-Doppler-broadened detection of CH.

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, noise-immune cavity-enhanced optical heterodyne molecular spectrometry (NICE-OHMS) has been developed, utilizing optical feedback for laser-to-cavity locking with a common distributed-feedback diode laser. The system incorporates active control of the feedback phase and feedforward control of the laser current, allowing for consecutive laser frequency detuning by scanning a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) attached to the cavity. To enhance the fidelity of the spectroscopic signal, wavelength-modulated (wm) NICE-OHMS is implemented.

Pressure-Induced Modulation of Tin Selenide Properties: A Review.

Tin selenide (SnSe) holds great potential for abundant future applications, due to its exceptional properties and distinctive layered structure, which can be modified using a variety of techniques. One of the many tuning techniques is pressure manipulating using the diamond anvil cell (DAC), which is a very efficient in situ and reversible approach for modulating the structure and physical properties of SnSe. We briefly summarize the advantages and challenges of experimental study using DAC in this review, then introduce the recent progress and achievements of the pressure-induced structure and performance of SnSe, especially including the influence of pressure on its crystal structure and optical, electronic, and thermoelectric properties.

Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) orchestrates adipose tissue inflammation and metabolic disorders through NLRP3 inflammasome.

Obesity is a metabolic disorder characterized by the hypertrophy expansion of adipose tissue, resulting in dysregulated energy metabolism, and accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs), a principal component of inflammation, respond to microenvironment signals and modulate adipose tissue remodeling and metabolic processes situation-specific. However, the mechanisms governing how the organism maintains equilibrium between its chronic inflammation and metabolism still need to be understood.

Reinforcement learning and working memory in mood disorders: A computational analysis in a developmental transdiagnostic sample.

Background: Mood disorders commonly onset during adolescence and young adulthood and are conceptually and empirically related to reinforcement learning abnormalities. However, the nature of abnormalities associated with acute symptom severity versus lifetime diagnosis remains unclear, and prior research has often failed to disentangle working memory from reward processes.

Methods: The present sample (N = 220) included adolescents and young adults with a lifetime history of unipolar disorders (n = 127), bipolar disorders (n = 28), or no history of psychopathology (n = 62), and varying severity of mood symptoms.

Biodegradable Redox-Responsive AIEgen-Based-Covalent Organic Framework Nanocarriers for Long-Term Treatment of Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.

Timely restoration of blood supply after myocardial ischemia is imperative for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction but causes additional myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, which has not been hitherto effectively targeted by interventions for MI/R injury. Hence, the development of advanced nanomedicine that can reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes while protecting against MI/R in vivo is of utmost importance. Herein, a redox-responsive and emissive TPE-ss covalent organic framework (COF) nanocarrier by integrating aggregation-induced emission luminogens and redox-responsive disulfide motifs into the COF skeleton is developed.

COMMD3 Expression Affects Angiogenesis through the HIF1/VEGF/NF-B Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and .

Background: High expression of copper metabolizing MURR1 domain (COMMD3) is significantly correlated with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Here, we explored the mechanism by which COMMD3 affects HCC angiogenesis through the HIF1/VEGF/NF-B signaling pathway.

Methods: SK-Hep1 and Hep-3B cell lines were transfected by overexpression and RNA interference lentivirus and verified using RT-qPCR and western blotting techniques.

Genetic Polymorphisms in CYP2C19 Cause Changes in Plasma Levels and Adverse Reactions to Anlotinib in Chinese Patients With Lung Cancer.

Anlotinib is a small molecular multi-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Growing evidence indicates that treatment efficacy, and toxicity varies considerably between individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between cytochrome P450 (CYP450) gene polymorphisms, drug concentrations, and their adverse reactions in anlotinib-treated patients with lung cancer.

Long-term exposure to copper induces mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in mouse hearts.

Copper is a trace element necessary for the normal functioning of organisms, but excessive copper contents may be toxic to the heart. The goal of this study was to investigate the role of excessive copper accumulation in mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis inhibition. In vivo, the heart copper concentration and cardiac troponin I (c-TnI) and N-terminal forebrain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) levels increased in the copper-laden model group compared to those of the control group.

Improvement in salt tolerance of Iris pseudacorus L. in constructed wetland by exogenous application of salicylic acid and calcium chloride.

Wetland plants play a major role in the process of wastewater treatment in constructed wetlands (CWs). The inhibitory effect of salt stress on plants may reduce the performance of CWs. In this study, salicylic acid (SA) and/or calcium ion (Ca) were used for root pretreatment to alleviate the salt stress in Iris pseudacorus L.

Compact high-contrast silicon optical filter using all-passive and CROW Fano nanobeam resonators.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-order coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW) nanobeam filter with semi-symmetrical Fano resonance enhancement. Thanks to the tight arrangement of multiple nanobeams and assistance of the partial transmission element, the designed filter has a high-contrast transmission and low insertion loss. Finally, the fabricated filter has a compact size of 20µ×10µ, a high extinction ratio as much as 70 dB, and an insertion loss as low as 1 dB.

HIF-1 RNAi Combined with Asparagus Polysaccharide Exerts an Antiangiogenesis Effect on Hepatocellular Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the main form of primary liver cancer and is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening malignancies globally. Hypoxia activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), which is the key factor in promoting angiogenesis in HCC. Currently, there are few studies on the effects of HIF-1-targeted gene therapy combined with traditional Chinese herbal extracts.

Diagnostic rather than prognostic markers-relationship between EpCAM overexpression and lung cancer: a meta-analysis.

Background: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is one of the most commonly used markers of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the diagnostic and prognostic significance of EpCAM in lung cancer remains largely undetermined. In the present study, we systematically summarized and elucidated the correlation between EpCAM overexpression and lung cancer through a meta-analysis.

Using porphyrins as albumin-binding molecules to enhance antitumor efficacies and reduce systemic toxicities of antimicrobial peptides.

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are originally developed for anti-infective treatments. Because of their membrane-lytic property, AMPs have been considered as candidates of antitumor agents for a long time. However, their antitumor applications are mainly hampered by fast renal clearance and high systemic toxicities.

Hamiltonian Hopping for Efficient Chiral Mode Switching in Encircling Exceptional Points.

Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) can lead to chiral mode switching as the system parameters are varied along a path that encircles EP. However, conventional encircling protocols result in low transmittance due to path-dependent losses. Here, we present a paradigm to encircle EPs that includes fast Hamiltonian variations on the parameter boundaries, termed Hamiltonian hopping, enabling ultrahigh-efficiency chiral mode switching.

Ultracompact optical switch using a single semisymmetric Fano nanobeam cavity.

We propose and theoretically analyze a generalized four-port waveguide-cavity system with a novel, to the best of our knowledge, semisymmetric Fano structure. By applying the system to a silicon-based photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC), we experimentally demonstrate an ultracompact crossbar optical switch with high drop port transmission. A low insertion loss of 1.

Upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α mRNA expression was associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background: HIF1α mRNA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and its relationship with the prognosis in HCC patients is still unclear. We performed this study to investigate the expression of HIF1α mRNA and its correlation with the prognosis in HCC patients.

Materials And Methods: GSE14520 and Oncomine database were used to analyse the differential expression of HIF1α mRNA among HCC tissues and corresponding peritumour tissues or normal liver tissues.