Early Identification of Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease Based on a Noninvasive Multivariable Predictive Model.

Background: Early identification of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) improves long-term outcomes; yet, significant diagnostic delays persist. This study aimed to establish and validate the optimal model of noninvasive evaluation tests to help clinicians with the early identification of pediatric IBD.

Methods: The study adopted a retrospective development and prospective temporal validation design within the same clinical center.

Long-term changes in the gut microbiota before and after bismuth quadruple therapy or concomitant therapy in children with peptic ulcers receiving eradication.

Background: () is a gram-negative spiral bacterium that can cause peptic ulcers. The effects of bismuth quadruple therapy and concomitant therapy on fecal ecology among children with peptic ulcers remain largely unknown. According to guidelines, these patients should be treated.

Ustekinumab in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease: safety, and efficacy results from a multicenter retrospective study in China.

Background: Ustekinumab (UST) is approved as an effective therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) in adults. Off-label use is increasing in the pediatric population, more data on safety and efficacy in pediatric patients with CD is urgently needed.

Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of UST in children and adolescents with Crohn's disease.

Clinical application of endoscopic diaphragmotomy and dilation in a congenital duodenal diaphragm.

Background: A congenital duodenal diaphragm (CDD) is a rare cause of duodenal obstruction in infants and children. The traditional approach to treatment has been surgical intervention either with excision and duodenoplasty or with bypass through a duodenoduodenostomy, which is invasive and carries the risk of anastomotic leakage.

Aims: To summarize the key points of differential diagnosis and treatment of a CDD under gastroscopy and to evaluate its efficacy and safety.

Long-term outcomes after enterostomy for very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease with interleukin-10 signaling deficiency.

Background: Very early-onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) with interleukin-10 (IL10R) signaling deficiency usually requires enterostomy in patients who are refractory to traditional treatment. This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes after enterostomy for VEOIBD patients with IL10R signaling deficiency.

Methods: The medical records of all patients undergoing enterostomy for signaling deficiency were retrospectively assessed during 2012.

Understanding endoscopic and clinicopathological features of patients with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease: Results from a decade of study.

Background: Very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD) is associated with a unique disease course and distinct endoscopic features.

Aims: This study aims to provide a comprehensive description of the endoscopic and histologic features observed in a large cohort of patients with VEOIBD from a tertiary medical center.

Methods: A retrospective review of medical records from 2011 to 2021 was conducted to analyze clinical data, including disease phenotypes, endoscopic and histologic findings.

Intestinal ultrasound score predicts therapeutic outcomes of infliximab in pediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

Background And Aims: Objective evaluation of treatment response is critical in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). Compared with endoscopy, intestinal ultrasound (IUS) is non-invasive and well-tolerated. This study is aimed to assess the predictive value of IUS score for treatment response in pediatric CD patients.

Efficacy of Phenotype-vs. Genotype-Guided Therapy Based on Clarithromycin Resistance for Infection in Children.

Background: Clarithromycin resistance reduces the eradication rate of . Cultures with susceptibility testing and molecular determination of genotypes are recommended to guide-tailored therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients aged 6 and 18 years with infection, who underwent an endoscopy and agreed to undergo both culture and genetic testing for clarithromycin resistance.

Clinical outcome of infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease in 102 patients with interleukin-10 signalling deficiency.

Background: Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease can be caused by defects in interleukin-10 signalling. The natural history and clinical outcomes of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, medical treatment and surgery have not been thoroughly described.

Aims: This study evaluates disease progression and clinical outcome in patients with interleukin-10 signalling deficiency.

The Association Between Genetic Variants, Pharmacokinetics, and Infliximab Efficacy in Pediatric Patients With Crohn's Disease in China.

Infliximab is an effective therapy for Crohn's disease (CD). Early non-invasive predictors of disease remission allow for modification of treatments. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between genetic variants, pharmacokinetics, and infliximab efficacy in pediatric patients with CD.

Characterization of novel and large fragment deletions in exon 1 of the IL10RA gene in Chinese children with very early onset inflammatory bowel diseases.

Background: Defects in interleukin 10 (IL10) and its receptors are particularly involved in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD). However, large fragment deletions of IL10 receptor A (IL10RA) are rare.

Methods: VEOIBD patients with confirmed mutations in the IL10RA gene were enrolled from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020.

Tibetan Macaques with Higher Social Centrality and More Relatives Emit More Frequent Visual Communication in Collective Decision-Making.

Animals on the move often communicate with each other through some specific postures. Previous studies have shown that social interaction plays a role in communication process. However, it is not clear whether the affinity of group members can affect visual communication.

The diagnostic value of capsule endoscopy in children with intestinal lymphangiectasia.

Background: intestinal lymphangiectasia is an unusual cause of protein-losing enteropathy due to either congenital malformation or obstruction of the intestinal lymphatics. However, few reports have investigated the use of video capsule endoscopy in children with intestinal lymphangiectasia. This study was performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of video capsule endoscopy for pediatric intestinal lymphangiectasia.

Clinical features of capsule endoscopy in 825 children: A single-center, retrospective cohort study.

Video capsule endoscopy (VCE) can detect mucosal lesions in the intestine, especially in the small bowel.Our study aims to evaluate the applications of VCE for pediatric gastrointestinal diseases.In this retrospective study, we included all patients who underwent VCE between December 2012 and December 2018.

[Value of capsule endoscopy in children with small intestinal diseases with hematochezia as the chief complaint].

Objective: To evaluate the value of capsule endoscopy in children with small intestinal diseases with hematochezia as the chief complaint.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data and capsule endoscopy findings of 93 children with hematochezia who were admitted to Children's Hospital of Fudan University from May 2015 to January 2019 and underwent capsule endoscopy. According to the capsule endoscopy findings of the jejunum and the ileum, they were divided into a positive lesion group with 39 patients and a negative lesion group with 54 patients.

Effect of Exclusive Enteral Nutrition on the Disease Process, Nutrition Status, and Gastrointestinal Microbiota for Chinese Children With Crohn's Disease.

Background: The aim of this study was to prospectively study the effect of exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) treatment on Chinese pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients.

Methods: Thirty-one newly diagnosed CD patients were enrolled in this study and treated with EEN for 8 weeks. Twelve healthy controls (HCs) donated their fecal samples.

The diagnostic value of video capsule endoscopy for Meckel's diverticulum in children.

Background: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) is the most common congenital anomaly of the gastrointestinal tract and is also an important cause of bloody stool and anemia in children. However, there are few data about video capsule endoscopy (VCE) for MD in children. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of VCE for MD in children.

Comparison of four different regimens against Helicobacter pylori as a first-line treatment: A prospective, cross-sectional, comparative, open trial in Chinese children.

Backgrounds: Due to the decreasing eradication rate of Helicobacter pylori, some novel alternatives have been developed, such as bismuth-containing quadruple therapy and non-bismuth-containing quadruple therapy (sequential and concomitant treatment). Little is known about whether a success rate above 90% can be achieved with these regimens in Chinese children.

Methods: In this prospective, open, comparative cross-sectional study, we recruited treatment-naïve children (aged between 6 and 18 years) with H pylori infection.

Complications of enterostomy and related risk factor analysis of very early onset inflammatory bowel disease with interleukin-10 signalling deficiency: a single-centre retrospective analysis.

Background: Interleukin-10 (IL10) signalling pathway deficiency results in severe very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), and enterostomy is often inevitable. However, studies in these surgical populations are lacking. This study aims to determine the enterostomy characteristics, postoperative complications and related risk factors in enterostomy patients.

MicroRNA-15a - cell division cycle 42 signaling pathway in pathogenesis of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Aim: To determine whether cell division cycle (Cdc)42 is regulated by microRNA (miR)-15a in the development of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We cultured 293T cells, used plasmids and performed dual-luciferase assay to determine whether Cdc42 is a miR-15a target gene. We cultured Caco-2 cells, and stimulated them with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α.

Phenotypic Characterization of Very Early-Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Interleukin-10 Signaling Deficiency: Based on a Large Cohort Study.

Background: Interleukin-10 (IL10)/interleukin-10 receptor (IL10R) deficiency is a rare disease with life-threatening infantile-onset colitis. We sought to accurately phenotype this disorder based on a large cohort of patients with a proven defect of IL10 signaling and to clarify the effects of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).

Methods: We analyzed the phenotypes of our 61 patients and reviewed 78 other previously reported cases with identified mutations in the genes encoding IL10 or IL10R.

The characteristics of 83 giant peptic ulcers in Chinese children: Evaluation and follow-up.

Background/aims: Giant peptic ulcers (GPUs) are detrimental for all patients, especially for children. However, few reports have described GPUs in children. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of GPUs in Chinese children and to identify risk factors.

Infantile Onset Intractable Inflammatory Bowel Disease Due to Novel Heterozygous Mutations in TNFAIP3 (A20).

Background: Mutations in tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), a key player in the negative feedback regulation of nuclear factor-κB signaling, have recently been recognized as leading to early onset autoinflammatory and autoimmune syndrome. Here, we have reported the phenotypes of 3 infantile onset intractable inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients with TNFAIP3 mutations and reviewed previously reported cases to establish phenotypic features associated with TNFAIP3 monogenicity.

Methods: From January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2017, we recruited 58 infantile-onset IBD patients.

Phenotype and Management of Infantile-onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in China.

Background: Infantile-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises rare and clinically severe disorders. We examined the phenotypes and genetic causes of patients with infantile-onset IBD from a tertiary medical center.

Methods: We enrolled 38 patients with infantile-onset IBD and applied standardized treatment with medical, surgical, and supportive care.