Temperature-Dependent Deformation Mechanisms in Ti65 Alloy: An In Situ Tensile Study.

Understanding the relationship between deformation behavior and mechanisms at elevated temperatures is of great significance for applications of high-temperature titanium alloys. This study systematically investigates the plastic deformation behavior of Ti65 alloy under both room-temperature and high-temperature conditions through in situ tensile testing, combined with slip trace analysis, crystal orientation analysis, and geometrical compatibility factor evaluation. TEM observations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that plastic deformation is predominantly accommodated by basal and prismatic slip systems with minimal pyramidal slip contribution at room temperature.

Computational design and evaluation of multiepitope vaccines against herpes simplex virus type 1.

Introduction: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a prevalent human pathogen, causing infections in various tissues and leading to severe complications such as herpes simplex encephalitis and cognitive impairments. Despite existing antiviral treatments, recurrent infections and the lack of effective vaccines highlight the need for new preventive measures.

Methods: We employed immunogenomic and bioinformatics methods to design two multi-epitope vaccine constructs 1 and 2 against HSV-1.

Ectopic expression of testis-specific transcription elongation factor in driving cancer.

The testis-specific BET protein BRDT structurally resembles the ubiquitous BRD4 and is misexpressed in cancer, and we show that BRDT misexpression may affect lung cancer progression. BRDT knockdown in lung cancer cells slowed tumor growth and prolonged survival in a xenograft model. Comparative characterization of PTEFb complex participation and chromatin binding indicates BRD4-redundant and BRD4-distinct BRDT functions.

Oxygen Dopants in MoS Catalysts as Dual Anchors for a Lithium Polysulfide Chain to Accelerate Conversion to Solid LiS: A Strategy to Mitigate the Shuttle Effect in Li-S Batteries.

The development of lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) is hindered by the solubility of polysulfide intermediates. Herein, we synthesized oxygen-doped MoS on a highly conductive CNT as a cathode material for LSBs. The spaced oxygen dopants on the catalyst surface enable Li polysulfide chains to adsorb parallel to the catalyst surface.

Non-Uniform Exposure Imaging via Neuromorphic Shutter Control.

By leveraging the blur-noise trade-off, imaging with non-uniform exposures largely extends the image acquisition flexibility in harsh environments. However, the limitation of conventional cameras in perceiving intra-frame dynamic information prevents existing methods from being implemented in the real-world frame acquisition for real-time adaptive camera shutter control. To address this challenge, we propose a novel Neuromorphic Shutter Control (NSC) system to avoid motion blur and alleviate instant noise, where the extremely low latency of events is leveraged to monitor the real-time motion and facilitate the scene-adaptive exposure.

An epigenetic pathway regulates MHC-II expression and function in B cell lymphoma models.

Mutations or homozygous deletions of MHC class II (MHC-II) genes are commonly found in B cell lymphomas that develop in immune-privileged sites and have been associated with patient survival. However, the mechanisms regulating MHC-II expression, particularly through genetic and epigenetic factors, are not yet fully understood. In this study, we identified a key signaling pathway involving the histone H2AK119 deubiquitinase BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1), the interferon regulatory factor interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1), and the MHC-II transactivator class II transactivator (CIITA), which directly activates MHC-II gene expression.

Revealing the fast reaction kinetics and interfacial behaviors of CuFeS hollow nanorods for durable and high-rate sodium storage.

The synergistic effect of two metallic elements in metal sulfides is regarded as a promising route for constructing advanced anodes for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). However, the explorations of intricate interactions and structural evolution in host material are often overlooked, which are crucial for the performance optimization. Herein, a bimetallic sulfide CuFeS and FeS/CuS heterostructure with similar hollow nanorods morphology is obtained by regulating sulfuration conditions.

3D-3D superimposition techniques in personal identification: A ten-year systematic literature review.

The 3D-3D superimposition technique offers a comprehensive comparison and quantification of the similarity between two 3D models, making it a promising approach for forensic science. This systematic review aims to explore scanning techniques, 3D analysis software, and 3D-3D superimposition methods, along with providing an overview of their applications and performance in personal identification. We searched four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase) for articles published between January 2014 and May 2024.

Insight into the unique role of silver single-atom in atomic-thickness ZnInS/g-CN Van der Waals heterojunction for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.

The construction of ultra-close 2D atomic-thickness Van der Waals heterojunctions with high-speed charge transfer still faces challenges. Here, we synthesized single-layer ZnInS and g-CN, and introduced silver single atoms to regulate Van der Waals heterojunctions at the atomic level to optimize charge transfer and catalytic activity. At the atomic scale, the impact of detailed structural differences between the two characteristic surfaces of ZnInS ([Zn-S] and [In-S]) on catalytic performance has been first proposed.

Artemvulactone E isolated from L. ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in both RAW264.7 and zebrafish model.

Introduction: Natural plants are valuable resources for exploring new bioactive compounds. L. is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb that has been historically used for treating multiple diseases.

A SWI/SNF-dependent transcriptional regulation mediated by POU2AF2/C11orf53 at enhancer.

Recent studies have identified a previously uncharacterized protein C11orf53 (now named POU2AF2/OCA-T1), which functions as a robust co-activator of POU2F3, the master transcription factor which is critical for both normal and neoplastic tuft cell identity and viability. Here, we demonstrate that POU2AF2 dictates opposing transcriptional regulation at distal enhance elements. Loss of POU2AF2 leads to an inhibition of active enhancer nearby genes, such as tuft cell identity genes, and a derepression of Polycomb-dependent poised enhancer nearby genes, which are critical for cell viability and differentiation.

Somatic mutations of MLL4/COMPASS induce cytoplasmic localization providing molecular insight into cancer prognosis and treatment.

Cancer genome sequencing consortiums have recently catalogued an abundance of somatic mutations, across a wide range of human cancers, in the chromatin-modifying enzymes that regulate gene expression. Defining the molecular mechanisms underlying the potentially oncogenic functions of these epigenetic mutations could serve as the basis for precision medicine approaches to cancer therapy. MLL4 encoded by the gene highly mutated in a large number of human cancers, is a key histone lysine monomethyltransferase within the Complex of Proteins Associated with Set1 (COMPASS) family that regulates gene expression through enhancer function, potentially functioning as a tumor suppressor.

Iron drives anabolic metabolism through active histone demethylation and mTORC1.

All eukaryotic cells require a minimal iron threshold to sustain anabolic metabolism. However, the mechanisms by which cells sense iron to regulate anabolic processes are unclear. Here we report a previously undescribed eukaryotic pathway for iron sensing in which molecular iron is required to sustain active histone demethylation and maintain the expression of critical components of the pro-anabolic mTORC1 pathway.

Therapeutic targeting of metabolic vulnerabilities in cancers with MLL3/4-COMPASS epigenetic regulator mutations.

Epigenetic status-altering mutations in chromatin-modifying enzymes are a feature of human diseases, including many cancers. However, the functional outcomes and cellular dependencies arising from these mutations remain unresolved. In this study, we investigated cellular dependencies, or vulnerabilities, that arise when enhancer function is compromised by loss of the frequently mutated COMPASS family members MLL3 and MLL4.

Highly Rotationally Excited N Reveals Transition-State Character in the Thermal Decomposition of NO on Pd(110).

We employ time-slice and velocity map ion imaging methods to explore the quantum-state resolved dynamics in thermal NO decomposition on Pd(110). We observe two reaction channels: a thermal channel that is ascribed to N products initially trapped at surface defects and a hyperthermal channel involving a direct release of N to the gas phase from NO adsorbed on bridge sites oriented along the [001] azimuth. The hyperthermal N is highly rotationally excited up to = 52 (″ = 0) with a large average translational energy of 0.

Spin-dependent reactivity and spin-flipping dynamics in oxygen atom scattering from graphite.

The formation of two-electron chemical bonds requires the alignment of spins. Hence, it is well established for gas-phase reactions that changing a molecule's electronic spin state can dramatically alter its reactivity. For reactions occurring at surfaces, which are of great interest during, among other processes, heterogeneous catalysis, there is an absence of definitive state-to-state experiments capable of observing spin conservation and therefore the role of electronic spin in surface chemistry remains controversial.

Defect-induced atomic-level intimate interface of a hollow O-CeO/CdS photocatalyst with a Z-scheme to boost hydrogen evolution.

Construction of Z-scheme heterojunction catalysts with high-speed charge transfer channels for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting is still a challenge. In this work, a lattice-defect-induced atom migration strategy is proposed to construct an intimate interface. The oxygen vacancies of cubic CeO obtained from a CuO template are used to induce lattice oxygen migration and form SO bonds with CdS to form a close contact heterojunction with a hollow cube.

GDF11 inhibits adipogenesis of human adipose-derived stromal cells through ALK5/KLF15/β-catenin/PPARγ cascade.

Obesity is a metabolic disease characterized by excessive fat storage, and the adipogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) is closely linked to its occurrence. Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), a well-known molecule in the field of anti-aging, also has great potential in regulating stem cell differentiation. In this study, we found that GDF11 inhibited adipogenic differentiation of human ADSCs in vitro by activating the WNT/β-catenin and SMAD2/3 pathways while inhibiting the AKT pathway.

β-Caryophyllene Acts as a Ferroptosis Inhibitor to Ameliorate Experimental Colitis.

Macrophage infiltration is one of the main pathological features of ulcerative colitis (UC) and ferroptosis is a type of nonapoptotic cell death, connecting oxidative stress and inflammation. However, whether ferroptosis occurs in the colon macrophages of UC mice and whether targeting macrophage ferroptosis is an effective approach for UC treatment remain unclear. The present study revealed that macrophage lipid peroxidation was observed in the colon of UC mice.

Ketogenic diet restrains herpes simplex encephalitis via gut microbes.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection-associated herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is an occasionally but severe neuronal disease that causes behavioral disorder and impairs cognition. Herein, we demonstrate that the consumption of ketogenic diet (KD), a low-carbohydrate high-fat diet, restricts the neurotropic infection of HSV-1 and HSE progression in mice. KD reduced weight loss, neurodegenerative symptoms, virus production and neuroinflammation, resulting in the enhanced survival rate of HSE mice.

POU2AF2/C11orf53 functions as a coactivator of POU2F3 by maintaining chromatin accessibility and enhancer activity.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), accounting for around 13% of all lung cancers, often results in rapid tumor growth, early metastasis, and acquired therapeutic resistance. The POU class 2 homeobox 3 (POU2F3) is a master regulator of tuft cell identity and defines the SCLC-P subtype that lacks the neuroendocrine markers. Here, we have identified a previously uncharacterized protein, C11orf53, which is coexpressed with POU2F3 in both SCLC cell lines and patient samples.

CARM1-mediated methylation of ASXL2 impairs tumor-suppressive function of MLL3/COMPASS.

An imbalance in the activities of the Polycomb and Trithorax complexes underlies numerous human pathologies, including cancer. The BRCA1 associated protein-1 (BAP1) deubiquitinase negatively regulates Polycomb activity and recruits the Trithorax histone H3K4 methyltransferase, mixed-lineage leukemia protein 3 (MLL3) within Complex Proteins Associated with Set1 (COMPASS), to the enhancers of tumor suppressor genes. We previously demonstrated that the BAP1-MLL3 pathway is mutated in several cancers, yet how BAP1 recruits MLL3 to its target loci remains an important unanswered question.