Sparse regularization inversion method for transient electromagnetic data and high-resolution prospection of subsurface targets.

Transient Electromagnetic Method (TEM) is a geophysical technique with great potential for high-resolution subsurface imaging. However, conventional inversion algorithms for TEM typically employ the L2-norm regularization in the objective function, which assumes a smoothly varying resistivity distribution. This assumption limits the resolution of sharp electrical interfaces.

Serum immune indicators including IgM, IgA, and IgG levels and quality of life of patients with gastrointestinal tumours during chemotherapy.

Background: Patients with gastrointestinal tumours often experience malnutrition and compromised immune function during chemotherapy, leading to a significant decline in quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary nursing interventions on the nutritional status, immune function, and quality of life in patients undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods: A total of 100 patients with gastrointestinal tumours receiving chemotherapy from January 2023 to June 2024 were randomly divided into two groups: a control group (CG) and a study group (SG).

Organic ligand-engineered MOFs-derived spinel CoMnO with tailored nanostructures and chemical properties for synergistic low-temperature removal of NO and VOCs.

Synchronous abatement of NO and VOCs is essential for mitigating ozone and PM pollution, yet balancing NH-SCR and VOCs oxidation concurrently at low temperature remains challenging. Herein, an organic ligand-oriented strategy was used to modulate nanostructure and chemistry properties of MOFs-derived spinel CoMnO by carboxylate-based MIL-101 and imidazolate-based ZIF as precursors, achieving low-temperature synergistic removal of NO and toluene. CoMn/ZIF shows a porous, sheet-like morphology characterized by stacked nanosheets forming an open, interconnected framework.

Extracellular LCN2 Binding to 24p3R in Astrocytes Impedes α-Synuclein Endocytosis in Parkinson's Disease.

The spread or transmission of pathologic α-synuclein (α-Syn) is emerging as potentially important driver of Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that astrocytes play an important role in uptake/clearance of extracellular α-Syn. However, underlying mechanisms and molecular entities responsible for uptake/clearance of extracellular α-Syn by astrocytes are not known.

Skeletal muscle gauge: A superior predictor of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy efficacy in locally advanced gastric cancer.

Background: Muscle parameters are closely related to the efficacy of neoadjuvant therapy, and this study aims to analyze the predictive value of a novel muscle parameter index (skeletal muscle gauge, SMG) for the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy(NCI) in locally advanced gastric cancer(LAGC).

Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical pathological data and abdominal CT images of patients with LAGC who received NCI at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from September 2020 to December 2023. The body composition, including skeletal muscle index (SMI), skeletal muscle radiation attenuation (SMRA), and the new skeletal muscle parameter- SMG (obtained by multiplying SMI and SMRA), was calculated using the SliceOmatic software before and after NCI.

Calcium-Based Bifunctional Lewis Acid-Base Sites Induce the Directional Generation of Radical in Catalytic Ozonation.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediate critical redox processes in contaminant degradation, precise regulation of radical speciation remains fundamentally constrained by the heterogeneity in active site configurations and coordination microenvironments. Here, a site-specific engineering strategy is demonstrated through spatially organized Ca─O basic sites and Ca─O─Si acidic centers, fabricated via Ca-mediated cross-linking of sodium alginate. Mechanistic studies reveal that the alkaline Ca─O domains enhance spin density of *OO intermediates to promote hydroxyl radical (·OH) generation, while adjacent acidic Ca─O─Si moieties simultaneously lower *O formation energy barrier and suppress *OO conversion, establishing a selective radical generation pathway.

Genetic characterization of linked to autochthonous malaria transmission in the US (2023) using Illumina AmpliSeq technology: a genetic epidemiology study.

Background: Malaria is a mosquito borne disease caused by parasites of the genus In 2023, the United States (US) experienced nine cases of autochthonous malaria transmission; seven in Florida, one in Texas, and another in Arkansas. These were the first autochthonous cases since 2003 when a cluster was identified in Florida. The aim of this study was to genetically characterize the implicated isolates in order to complement epidemiologic investigations of these cases.

Floral scent affects bumblebee pollinator preferences on the flowers of four tomato cultivars under greenhouse conditions.

Bumblebee pollination is essential for greenhouse tomato. Floral traits, such as olfactory signal and food reward, have significant influences on pollinator foraging decisions and thus result in different pollination performance. Chemical-analytical, bioassays, and electroantennogram tests were used to determine whether these tomato Lycopersicum esculentum cultivars differed in floral scent and food reward, and how these floral traits affected bumblebee Bombus lantschouensi visitation performance.

Saponins from Enhance Lipolysis via Acting on FGF21-β-Klotho/FGFR1 in Obese Mice.

Saponins from (SPJ) had a significant antiobesity action, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) plays a central role in energy, lipid, and glucose homeostasis. We explored whether FGF21 is the target site of SPJ in lipolysis to improve lipid metabolism. We established an obese mouse model that was fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks, and these obese mice were medicated with low-dose SPJ (15 mg/kg) or high-dose SPJ (45 mg/kg).

Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance 1 gene polymorphisms associated with outcomes after anti-malarial treatment.

Background: Plasmodium falciparum multidrug resistance transporter 1 (Pfmdr1) gene mutations are associated with altered response to artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT), particularly the combinations containing the partner drugs lumefantrine and amodiaquine (i.e., artemether-lumefantrine [AL] and artesunate-amodiaquine [ASAQ]).

Assembling chromosome-level genomes of male and female Chanodichthys mongolicus using PacBio HiFi reads and Hi-C technologies.

Chanodichthys mongolicus, a carnivorous fish belonging to the Cyprinidae family (Erythroculter), is widely distributed in reservoirs and lakes across China. However, the lack of research on whole genome assembly has impeded advancements in genetic studies for this species. In this study, we employed PacBio sequencing and Hi-C technology to assemble high-quality genomes for both female and male Chanodichthys mongolicus at the chromosome level.

Development of a Recombinant Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs)-Based Vaccine Against Helicobacter pylori Infection in Mice.

The current vaccine development for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) still faces challenges of weak immune responses stimulated by existing antigens and a lack of safe adjuvants. The modification of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure by H.

Astrocyte-derived CCL5-mediated CCR5 neutrophil infiltration drives depression pathogenesis.

Cross-talk between the nervous and immune systems is involved in neurological diseases. However, their potential interplay in depression has yet to be elucidated. Here, using single-cell RNA and neutrophil SMART RNA sequencing, we showed that CCR5 neutrophils were significantly increased in patients with depression and preferentially migrated to the hippocampus in a mouse model of depression.

The dual roles of human PYHIN family proteins in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

The human PYHIN family proteins, including AIM2, IFI16, IFIX, and MNDA, which are crucial cytosolic nucleic acid sensors. These proteins share a common structural feature, including signature N-terminal PYD domain and C-terminal HIN-200 domain, which enable them to recognize intracellular nucleic acids and assemble inflammasomes, triggering inflammatory responses and programmed cell death. Over the last decade, it has emerged that the PYHIN family proteins play multifaceted roles in cancer biology, with dualistic roles due to tumor heterogeneity and the tumor microenvironment's plasticity through dependent or independent of inflammasome mechanisms.

ChatGPT-4o outperforms gemini advanced in assisting multidisciplinary decision-making for advanced gastric cancer.

Background & Aims: The treatment of advanced gastric cancer (GC) requires precise and comprehensive clinical decision-making. Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots offer potential tools to enhance multidisciplinary team (MDT) discussions. This study aims to compare the performances of ChatGPT-4o and Gemini Advanced in generating treatment recommendations for advanced GC.

Presence of LILRB4 SNP rs1048801 modulates acute myeloid leukemia progression and inhibits CD4+ T cells proliferation.

Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor subfamily B member 4 (LILRB4), an emerging immune checkpoint molecule, exhibits therapeutic potential in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). While single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of immune checkpoint genes have been extensively investigated in AML, the association between LILRB4 genetic polymorphisms and clinical outcomes remains unexplored. We investigated SNPs within the LILRB4 immunoglobulin domain and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif regions in 151 AML patients and 203 controls.

Bioadhesive drug-loaded microparticles prolong drug retention in the middle ear and ameliorate cisplatin-induced hearing loss.

Hearing loss represents a common adverse effect following platinum-based chemotherapy regimens. The therapeutic management of inner ear diseases is significantly constrained by the blood-labyrinth barrier, which restricts the penetration of drug molecules into the endolymphatic, thereby limiting their therapeutic efficacy. Local drug delivery has emerged as a safe and effective method for the treatment of inner ear diseases.

BSA-Seg: A Bi-level sparse attention network combining narrow band loss for multi-target medical image segmentation.

Segmentation of multiple targets of varying sizes within medical images is of significant importance for the diagnosis of disease and pathological research. Transformer-based methods are emerging in the medical image segmentation, leveraging the powerful yet computationally intensive self-attention mechanism. A variety of attention mechanisms have been proposed to reduce computation at the cost of accuracy loss, utilizing handcrafted patterns within local or artificially defined receptive fields.

The correlation between calcaneocuboid joint involvement and sustentacular fragment displacement among male patients with displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.

Sustentacular fragment displacement is not uncommon in calcaneal fractures. The factors that suggest a possible displacement of sustentacular fragment are still unclear. Displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures with calcaneocuboid joint involvement are the most common type of calcaneal fracture.

CBCRnet: A Contrastive Learning-based Multi-modal Image Registration Via Bidirectional Cross-modal Attention.

In the past few years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been a major focus in medical image registration. However, it has been proved that CNNs are limited in their ability to represent modal-independent feature and understand the spatial correspondence between different modalities. Therefore, we present CBCRnet for the effective feature representation and correspondence.

Endovascular management of a spontaneous aorto-caval fistula resulting from abdominal aortic aneurysm: case report and literature review.

Background: Aorto-caval fistula is a rare complication of abdominal aortic aneurysms that can occur spontaneously, iatrogenically, or traumatically, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endovascular stent graft repair represents a practical approach to managing this fatal condition.

Case Presentation: A 75-year-old male patient was admitted to the nephrology department of our hospital, complaining of acute back pain, hematuria, and repeated vomiting for one week.

[Saponins from Panax japonicus ameliorate high-fat diet-induced anxiety by modulating FGF21 resistance].

Anxiety disorder is a highly prevalent psychological illness, and research has shown that obesity is a significant risk factor for its development. This study explored the ameliorative effects and mechanisms of saponins from Panax japonicus(SPJ) on anxiety disorder in mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD). Fifty C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into normal control diet(NCD) group, HFD group, and low-and high-dose SPJ groups.

Inflammatory burden index as a prognostic marker in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Background: Blood inflammation index has been shown to correlate with the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. However, few studies have compared the efficacy of existing blood inflammatory markers in predicting the prognosis of patients with locally advanced gastric cancer in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the prognostic value of existing commonly used blood inflammatory index in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy.

Effect of polypropylene microplastics on the performance of membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment.

Membrane bioreactors (MBRs) can effectively remove microplastics (MPs) because of their good rejection performance. However, the influence of MP concentration and particle size on the short-term and long-term operation efficiency of MBRs remains unclear. To address this issue, this study investigated the effects of short-term stress and long-term accumulation of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) with different particle sizes on the operational efficiency of MBRs by running three MBR systems at four concentration stages.

Oral barriers to food-derived active peptides and nano-delivery strategies.

Food-derived bioactive peptides are a class of peptides from natural protein. It may have biological effects on the human body and play a significant role in protecting human physiological health and regulating physiological metabolism, such as lowering blood pressure, lowering cholesterol, antioxidant, antibacterial, regulating immune activity, and so on. However, most of the natural food-derived functional peptides need to overcome a variety of barriers in the body to enter the blood circulation system and target to specific tissues to generate physiological activity.