Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Osteogenic Potential of Strontium Silicate and Calcium Silicate-Based Sealers.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and osteogenic potential of three sealers, including a strontium silicate-based sealer, C-Root SP (C-R), and two calcium silicate-based sealers, iRoot SP (i-R) and AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer (AHPbcs), compared with AH Plus (AHP) on MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts.

Materials And Methods: Standardized sealer discs were eluted in a culture medium to assess cytotoxicity using the CCK-8 assay at various dilutions (1:1, 1:2, 1:5, and 1:10). Osteogenic differentiation was evaluated by culturing cells in osteogenic medium supplemented with 1:5 diluted sealer extract.

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of cemental tear.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth.

CTHRC1 Derived From Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promotes Pancreatic Cancer Progression and Metastasis via the LIF-STAT3 Pathway.

Background: Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) is a secreted protein involved in tissue remodeling and fibrotic processes, which also suggests emerging roles in cancer. Studies have shown that it is mainly expressed in the outer membrane fibroblasts of injured arteries and in the neointimal smooth muscle cells, where it promotes cell migration and tissue damage repair. However, the regulatory role of CTHRC1 as a tumor microenvironment factor in pancreatic cancer is not well understood.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Inhibits the Neuronal Differentiation of Human Stem Cells From Apical Papillae by Attenuating the Activity of ERK-IRE1α Axis In Vitro.

Aim: Stem cells from apical papillae (SCAPs) are promising seed cells for angiogenesis, neurogenesis and dental pulp regeneration, which are contingent upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis. Due to the narrow anatomical structure of the root canal system and slow ingrowth of vasculatures, the presence of hypoxia and nutrient-deficient microenvironment within the sterilised root canal space may induce ER stress in the transplanted cells and affect their differentiation into neural lineages. This study aimed to investigate the role of ER stress in the neuronal differentiation of human SCAPs and its underlying mechanisms.

ATP1A1-Driven Intercellular Contact Between Dental Pulp Stem Cell and Endothelial Cell Enhances Vasculogenic Activity.

Aim: The interaction between dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) is crucial to the speedy establishment of functional blood circulation within the transplanted pulp tissue. It is a complex process involving direct cell contact and paracrine signalling. The transmembrane domains of α1-Na/K-ATPase (ATP1A1) have been shown to influence tumour angiogenesis.

AI-Powered Problem- and Case-based Learning in Medical and Dental Education: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction And Aims: Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) technology have generated a revolution in medical and dental education, which may offer promising solutions to tackle the challenges of traditional problem-based learning (PBL) and case-based learning (CBL). The objective of this study was to assess the available evidence concerning AI-powered PBL/CBL on students' knowledge acquisition, clinical reasoning capability and satisfaction.

Methods: An electronic search was carried out on PubMed, MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science.

Application of Bioinspired Structural Ceramics with High-Temperature Electrical Insulation and High Adhesion in K-Type Coaxial Thermocouples.

Surface erosion of the coaxial thermocouple probe initiates continuous bridging of thermoelectric materials on the insulation layer surface, forming new temperature measurement junctions. This inherent ability to measure continuous self-erosion ensures the operational reliability of the coaxial thermocouples in high-temperature ablative environments. However, the fabrication of a high-temperature electrical insulation layer and a high-adhesion insulating layer in the coaxial thermocouples remains a challenge.

Symptom correlation and spatial distribution of inflammatory mediators in pulpitis-A preliminary study.

Aim: To evaluate the association of inflammatory mediators with clinical signs and symptoms and their spatial distribution in teeth with pulpitis.

Methodology: Fifty permanent teeth from adults with clinical diagnoses of normal pulp (n = 17), reversible pulpitis (n = 13) and symptomatic/asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis (n = 20), were recruited. Two pulp blood samples from each tooth, one at the pulp exposure site (coronal blood) and one at the orifice level (radicular blood), were collected and analysed using multiplex immunoassay.

FDTooth: Intraoral Photographs and CBCT Images for Fenestration and Dehiscence Detection.

Fenestration and dehiscence (FD) pose significant challenges in dental treatments as they adversely affect oral health. Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides precise diagnostics, its extensive time requirements and radiation exposure limit its routine use for monitoring. Currently, there is no public dataset that combines intraoral photographs and corresponding CBCT images; this limits the development of deep learning algorithms for the automated detection of FD and other potential diseases.

STK39 inhibits antiviral immune response by inhibiting DCAF1-mediated PP2A degradation.

Evading host immunity killing is a critical step for virus survival. Inhibiting viral immune escape is crucial for the treatment of viral diseases. Serine/threonine kinase 39 (STK39) was reported to play an essential role in ion homeostasis.

Biodentine Counteracts the Aging Process of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Through Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Biodentine on human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) proliferation and senescence and explore the underlying anti-aging mechanism.

Methods: hDPSCs were isolated from two groups of patients aged 18 to 27 and 60 to 70 years and treated with Biodentine extract. The optimal concentration of Biodentine extract was determined using the CCK-8 assay.

PLOD1 promotes the malignancy of hepatocellular carcinoma by facilitating the NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3-dependent TCA cycle.

Background & Aims: Procollagen lysyl hydroxylase 1 (PLOD1) is crucial in regulating collagen synthesis and cross-linking. However, its roles and underlying mechanisms in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. Herein, we aimed to investigate the underlying biological functions and mechanisms of PLOD1 in HCC.

Functional cobalt-doped hydrogel scaffold enhances concurrent vascularization and neurogenesis.

Achieving functional tissue regeneration hinges on the coordinated growth of intricate blood vessels and nerves within the defect area. However, current strategies do not offer a reliable and effective way to fulfill this critical need. To address this challenge, a three-dimensional (3D) gelatin methacryloyl-multi-walled carbon nanotube/cobalt (GelMA-MWCNTs/Co) hydrogel with controlled release of cobalt (Co) ions was developed for hypoxia-mimicking and dual beneficial effects on promoting vasculogenesis and neurogenesis.

leaves: a functional beverage for alleviating hepatic inflammation and modulating gut microbiota in diabetic mice.

leaves (MHL), consumed as a daily beverage in Chinese folk tradition and recently recognized as a new food material, are abundant in polyphenols and bioactive compounds that demonstrate hypoglycemic, lipid-lowering, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the antidiabetic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the protective mechanisms of leaves' extract (MHLE) against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Activin a regulates vascular formation and stabilization in direct coculture of dental pulp stem cells and endothelial cells.

Aim: Establishing functional circulation on time is crucial to dental pulp tissue regeneration. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could act as mural cells to stabilize newly formed blood vessels, accelerating anastomosis. Our preliminary study found that direct coculture of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) significantly enhanced Activin A secretion.

Dental stem cell sphere formation and potential for neural regeneration: A scoping review.

Background: Dental stem cells with neurosphere-forming abilities are a promising cell source for the treatment of neural diseases and injuries. This scoping review aimed to systematically map the existing literature on dental sphere formation assays and their characteristics associated with neural regeneration potential.

Methods: The Web of Science, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and PubMed databases were systematically searched for , animal, and clinical studies and reviews focusing on stem cells isolated from the oral cavity, subsequently cultured as spheres with neural regeneration potential.

Biomimetic non-collagenous proteins-calcium phosphate complex with superior osteogenesis via regulating macrophage IL-27 secretion.

Traumatic defects or non-union fractures presents a substantial challenge in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Although synthetic calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (CaPs) such as dibasic calcium phosphate anhydrate (DCPA) are commonly employed for bone repair, their inadequate cellular immune responses significantly impede sustained degradation and optimal osteogenesis. In this study, drawing inspiration from the key structure of an acidic non-collagenous protein-CaP complex (ANCPs-CaP) essential for natural bone formation, we prepared biomimetic mineralized dibasic calcium phosphate (MDCPA).

Dual roles of photosynthetic hydrogel with sustained oxygen generation in promoting cell survival and eradicating anaerobic infection.

Tissue engineering offers a promising alternative for oral and maxillofacial tissue defect rehabilitation; however, cells within a sizeable engineered tissue construct after transplantation inevitably face prolonged and severe hypoxic conditions, which may compromise the survivability of the transplanted cells and arouse the concern of anaerobic infection. Microalgae, which can convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose through photosynthesis, have been studied as a source of oxygen supply for several biomedical applications, but their promise in orofacial tissue regeneration remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrated that through photosynthetic oxygenation, () supported dental pulp stem cell (DPSC) energy production and survival under hypoxia.

An integrated preventive and therapeutic magnetic nanoparticle loaded with rhamnolipid and vancomycin for combating subgingival biofilms.

Objectives: Mechanical debridement supplemented with antibacterial agents effectively eradicates subgingival biofilms formed in the periodontal pockets of severe periodontitis patients. However, the available antimicrobial agents have limited penetrating ability to kill the bacteria encased in the deep layers of biofilms. This study aimed to fabricate a novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) loaded with rhamnolipid (RL) and vancomycin (Vanc, Vanc/RL-Ag@FeO) to combat subgingival biofilms.

[Intervention mechanism of ginsenoside Rb_1 on liver steatosis in db/db obese mice based on TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway].

Based on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor kappaB(NF-κB) signaling pathway, this study observed the regulatory effect of ginsenoside Rb_1(Rb_1) on liver lipid metabolism in db/db obese mice and explored its potential mechanism. Thirty 6-week-old male db/db mice were randomly divided into a model group, a metformin group, and Rb_1 groups with low, medium, and high doses, with six mice in each group. Additionally, six age-matched male db/m mice were assigned to the normal group.

Transplantation of Neural Progenitor Cells Derived from Stem Cells from Apical Papilla Through Small-Molecule Induction in a Rat Model of Sciatic Nerve Injury.

Background: Stem cell-based transplantation therapy holds promise for peripheral nerve injury treatment, but adult availability is limited. A cell culture protocol utilizing a small-molecule cocktail effectively reprogrammed stem cells from apical papilla (SCAPs) into neural progenitor cells, subsequently differentiating into neuron-like cells. This study aims to evaluate neural-induced SCAPs, with and without small-molecule cocktail, for sciatic nerve repair potential.

Exosomes derived from miR-146a-overexpressing fibroblast-like synoviocytes in cartilage degradation and macrophage M1 polarization: a novel protective agent for osteoarthritis?

Introduction: Pathological changes in the articular cartilage (AC) and synovium are major manifestations of osteoarthritis (OA) and are strongly associated with pain and functional limitations. Exosome-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulatory factors in intercellular communication and can influence the progression of OA by participating in the degradation of chondrocytes and the phenotypic transformation in the polarization of synovial macrophages. However, the specific relationships and pathways of action of exosomal miRNAs in the pathological progression of OA in both cartilage and synovium remain unclear.

Metagenomic analysis reveals ecological and functional signatures of oral phageome associated with severe early childhood caries.

Objectives: Severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) is highly prevalent, affecting children's oral health. S-ECC development is closely associated with the complex oral microbial microbiome and its microorganism interactions, such as the imbalance of bacteriophages and bacteria. Till now, little is known about oral phageome on S-ECC.