Automatic Recognition of Dual-Component Radar Signals Based on Deep Learning.

The increasing density and complexity of electromagnetic signals have brought new challenges to multi-component radar signal recognition. To address the problem of low recognition accuracy under low signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) in adapting the common recognition framework of combining time-frequency transformations (TFTs) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), this paper proposes a new dual-component radar signal recognition framework (TFGM-RMNet) that combines a deep time-frequency generation module with a Transformer-based residual network. First, the received noisy signal is preprocessed.

Quantitative characterization of tissue states using multiomics and ecological spatial analysis.

The spatial organization of cells in tissues underlies biological function, and recent advances in spatial profiling technologies have enhanced our ability to analyze such arrangements to study biological processes and disease progression. We propose MESA (multiomics and ecological spatial analysis), a framework drawing inspiration from ecological concepts to delineate functional and spatial shifts across tissue states. MESA introduces metrics to systematically quantify spatial diversity and identify hot spots, linking spatial patterns to phenotypic outcomes, including disease progression.

Comparative analysis of U-Mamba and no new U-Net for the detection and segmentation of esophageal cancer in contrast-enhanced computed tomography images.

Background: Radiomics research in esophageal cancer (EC) has made considerable advancements. However, manual segmentation, which is relied upon in clinical and scientific workflows, remains time-consuming and inconsistent. This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning (DL) model for the automatic detection and segmentation of EC lesions in contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) images.

A new psychrophilic yeast of Kriegeriaceae (Kriegeriales) isolated from lichen in the Arctic, with the description of gen. et sp. nov.

Yeasts are an important component of the microbiome in circumpolar regions that are characterized by unique environmental conditions. However, the taxonomy of yeasts remains largely unknown in high- and low-latitude regions. Curing a field survey of yeasts in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, a new yeast genus in Kriegeriales was isolated from dendritic lichens.

Tick species, tick-borne pathogen distribution and risk factor analysis in border areas of China, Russia and North Korea.

Introduction: Ticks are important ectoparasites of livestock. Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) cause losses to the animal husbandry industry and also present a major hidden danger to public health and safety. However, the tick species and prevalence of TBDs in border regions of China, Russia, and North Korea remain unknown.

From challenges and pitfalls to recommendations and opportunities: Implementing federated learning in healthcare.

Federated learning holds great potential for enabling large-scale healthcare research and collaboration across multiple centers while ensuring data privacy and security are not compromised. Although numerous recent studies suggest or utilize federated learning based methods in healthcare, it remains unclear which ones have potential clinical utility. This review paper considers and analyzes the most recent studies up to May 2024 that describe federated learning based methods in healthcare.

Construction of liquid-crystalline assemblies with tunable chiroptical properties through tailoring solvophilic chains in polymerization-induced chiral self-assembly.

Tuning the type of solvophilic chain and the length of the nucleating segment in polymerization-induced chiral self-assembly drives the formation of azobenzene liquid-crystalline block copolymer assemblies, facilitating tunable chiroptical inversions. The chiral stacking, morphological transitions, and liquid-crystalline ordering of these assemblies were systematically analyzed.

Chiral Communication between Enantiomeric Sergeants and Achiral Soldiers in Racemic Triblock Copolymers with Heterochiral Cores for Triggering Multiple Helicity Inversions.

Amplification of asymmetry in complex supramolecular/polymer system results from the delicate interplay of chiral and achiral structures. Here, a novel approach to the racemic sergeants and soldiers (S&S) effect, using enantiomeric sergeants (Sgt.) and achiral soldiers (Sold.

Studies on experimental animals immunized with different antigenic vaccine combinations of Neospora caninum of cattle origin.

Background: Neospora caninum is an intracellular parasitic protozoon that can infect pregnant animals and cause symptoms such as miscarriage, stillbirth and mummified fetuses. It is one of the main causes of miscarriage in bovines. Apical membrane antigen (AMA) and dense granule protein (GRA) are two major antigenic proteins of N.

Identifications of Common Species and Descriptions of Two New Species of (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in China.

The genus G [...

A New Bivalve Species of the Genus J. E. Gray, 1828 (Bivalvia, Venerida, Cyrenoidea, Glauconomidae), from Shandong, China.

The family Glauconomidae has few species, limited molecular data description, and insufficient research attention. The biodiversity of Glauconomidae within China deserves further exploration. In recent years, the taxonomic status of Glauconomidae has undergone changes, and some studies have found a close relationship between Glauconomidae and the family Cyrenidae based on molecular data, suggesting that Glauconomidae should be classified under the superfamily Cyrenoidea.

Odd-even effect in chiral side-chain cyanobiphenyl block copolymer assemblies prepared by polymerization-induced chiral self-assembly.

The precise control of the chirality of polymer assemblies is a challenge faced by scientists and has received significant attention in recent years. In this study, we employed the polymerization-induced chiral self-assembly (PICSA) method to create chiral side-chain cyanobiphenyl (CB) block copolymer (BCP) assemblies. The flexible spacers in chiral CB monomers were regulated to exhibit two distinct odd-even effects in the supramolecular asymmetrical arrangement of the CB mesogens inside BCP assemblies.

Hunting imaging biomarkers in pulmonary fibrosis: Benchmarks of the AIIB23 challenge.

Airway-related quantitative imaging biomarkers are crucial for examination, diagnosis, and prognosis in pulmonary diseases. However, the manual delineation of airway structures remains prohibitively time-consuming. While significant efforts have been made towards enhancing automatic airway modelling, current public-available datasets predominantly concentrate on lung diseases with moderate morphological variations.

Effect of dietary Eucommia ulmoides oliver polysaccharide on immune function and meat quality of Songliao Black Pigs.

Eucommia ulmoides is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, with pharmacological effects such as lowering blood pressure and enhancing immune function. The effects of dietary Eucommia ulmoides polysaccharide (EUP) on immune function and meat quality were studied in Songliao Black Pigs. Blood lymphocyte counts and percentage, concentrations of serum total protein and of albumin increased, whereas those of urea nitrogen and triglyceride decreased.

Protective effect of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide on mice infected with Neospora caninum.

The study aimed to explore the protective effects of Inonotus obliquus polysaccharide (IOP) on Neospora caninum (N. caninum) infection. Our data showed that the survival rate of the mice was the highest and the survival time was the longest when the IOP was 2 mg/10 g.

Synthesis of Nucleotides Bearing the 2'-O-Trifluoromethyl Group and Their Application in RNA Analogs Preparation.

The integration of fluorine atoms into biologically active organic compounds has proved to be a vital technique in small molecule drugs. This technique can substantially enhance crucial properties, including metabolic stability, lipophilicity, and bioavailability, often with a mere addition of a single fluorine atom or a trifluoromethyl group. Over the past few decades, this concept has also been applied in nucleic acid chemistry.

Detecting Eating Episodes From Wrist Motion Using Daily Pattern Analysis.

This paper presents new methods to detect eating from wrist motion. Our main novelty is that we analyze a full day of wrist motion data as a single sample so that the detection of eating occurrences can benefit from diurnal context. We develop a two-stage framework to facilitate a feasible full-day analysis.

A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 2'-O-Cyanoethylated Nucleotides and Their Application in the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Related RNA Analogs.

Although small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a key player among gene inhibition therapeutics, there are many obstacles to the development of siRNA drugs due to inherent properties of oligonucleotides, including the unsatisfactory stability of unmodified siRNA, poor pharmacokinetic distribution, and the toxicity induced by off-target effects. To maximize treatment potency, chemical modification of siRNA has undoubtedly been the most successful strategy by far. Widely applied modifications include phosphorothioate linkages, 2'-O-methyl modifications, and 2'-fluoro modifications, among others.

UFO-Net: A Linear Attention-Based Network for Point Cloud Classification.

Three-dimensional point cloud classification tasks have been a hot topic in recent years. Most existing point cloud processing frameworks lack context-aware features due to the deficiency of sufficient local feature extraction information. Therefore, we designed an augmented sampling and grouping module to efficiently obtain fine-grained features from the original point cloud.

Adversarial Transformer for Repairing Human Airway Segmentation.

Automated airway segmentation models often suffer from discontinuities in peripheral bronchioles, which limits their clinical applicability. Furthermore, data heterogeneity across different centres and pathological abnormalities pose significant challenges to achieving accurate and robust segmentation in distal small airways. Accurate segmentation of airway structures is essential for the diagnosis and prognosis of lung diseases.

Fuzzy Attention Neural Network to Tackle Discontinuity in Airway Segmentation.

Airway segmentation is crucial for the examination, diagnosis, and prognosis of lung diseases, while its manual delineation is unduly burdensome. To alleviate this time-consuming and potentially subjective manual procedure, researchers have proposed methods to automatically segment airways from computerized tomography (CT) images. However, some small-sized airway branches (e.

Clinical Practices Following Train-The-Trainer Trauma Course Completion in Uganda: A Parallel-Convergent Mixed-Methods Study.

Background: Despite the growth of trauma training courses worldwide, evidence for their impact on clinical practice in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is sparse. We investigated trauma practices by trained providers in Uganda using clinical observation, surveys, and interviews.

Methods: Ugandan providers participated in the Kampala Advanced Trauma Course (KATC) from 2018 to 2019.

A preliminary study on placental damage associated to experimental neosporosis in BALB/c mice.

Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite which can infect a range of animals, including dogs, cattle, and sheep. Bovine neosporosis, which mainly causes abortion in cattle, results in substantial economic losses worldwide. To study the effects of N.

PM-related neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma: a global burden study from 1990 to 2019.

Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) may increase the risk of neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma. However, little is known about the trends of PM-related neonatal encephalopathy burden under different levels of social and economic development. We studied the burden of PM-related neonatal encephalopathy due to birth asphyxia and trauma measured by the age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR), and its trends with the socio-demographic index (SDI) in 192 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019.