Association between arsenic (+3 oxidation state) methyltransferase gene polymorphisms and arsenic methylation capacity in rural residents of northern China: a cross-sectional study.

Arsenic is a toxic metal-like element. The toxic reaction of the body to arsenic is related to the ability of arsenic methylation metabolism. As the rate-limiting enzyme of arsenic methylation metabolism, the genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of arsenic (+ 3 oxidation state) methyltransferase (AS3MT) gene are related to capacity of arsenic methylation.

DELs enable the development of BRET probes for target engagement studies in cells.

DNA-encoded libraries (DELs) provide unmatched chemical diversity and starting points for novel drug modalities. Here, we describe a workflow that exploits the bifunctional attributes of DEL ligands as a platform to generate BRET probes for live cell target engagement studies. To establish proof of concept, we performed a DEL screen using aurora kinase A and successfully converted aurora DEL ligands as cell-active BRET probes.

ERK/PKM2 Is Mediated in the Warburg Effect and Cell Proliferation in Arsenic-Induced Human L-02 Hepatocytes.

This study aimed to investigate the potential role of pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) and extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) in arsenic-induced cell proliferation. L-02 cells were treated with 0.2 and 0.

SIRT1/P53 pathway is involved in the Arsenic induced aerobic glycolysis in hepatocytes L-02 cells.

Arsenic is a known human carcinogen. Low doses of arsenic can induce cell proliferation, but the mechanism remains elusive. Aerobic glycolysis, also known as the Warburg effect, is one of the characteristics of tumour cells and rapidly proliferating cells.

The ROS/NF-κB/HK2 axis is involved in the arsenic-induced Warburg effect in human L-02 hepatocytes.

Arsenic has been identified as a carcinogen, although the molecular mechanism underlying itscarcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. To date, only a few studies have attempted to confirm a direct link between oxidative stress and the Warburg effect . This study demonstrated that 0.

Exploring English for medical purposes (EMP) teacher cognition in the Chinese context.

It has been a growing trend in Chinese universities to shift from English for general purposes (EGP) to English for specific purposes (ESP) teaching. Against this background, large groups of teachers previously engaged in teaching EGP have become or are becoming ESP teachers, which means a complex process of learning for subject-specific information, transforming teaching practices and constructing new identities. Despite this, very little has been written about the ESP teacher cognition (TC) of language teaching or the factors influencing this shift in teaching.

Arsenic exposure elevated ROS promotes energy metabolic reprogramming with enhanced AKT-dependent HK2 expression.

Exposure to inorganic or organic arsenic compounds continues to pose substantial public health concerns for hundreds of millions of people around the globe. Highly exposed individuals are susceptible to various illnesses, including impairments and cancers of the lung, liver, skin and bladder. Long-term exposure to low-dose arsenic has been identified to induce aerobic glycolysis, which contributes to cells aberrant proliferation.

Malignant growth of arsenic-transformed cells depends on activated Akt induced by reactive oxygen species.

Arsenic is an identified carcinogen for humans.In this study, chronic exposure of human hepatocyte L-02 to low-doses of inorganic arsenic caused cell malignant proliferation. Meanwhile, compared with normal L-02 cells, arsenic-transformed malignant cells, L-02-As displayed more ROS and significantly higher Cyclin D1 expression as well as aerobic glycolysis.

Association between fluoride exposure and kidney function in adults: A cross-sectional study based on endemic fluorosis area in China.

Background: The kidney toxicity of fluoride exposure has been demonstrated in animal studies, and a few studies have reported kidney function injury in children with fluoride exposure. However, epidemiological information for the effects of long-term fluoride exposure on adult kidney function remains limited.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional investigation in Wenshui County, Shanxi Province to examine the association between fluoride exposure and kidney function in adults, and a total of 1070 adults were included in our study.

sKlotho is associated with the severity of brick tea-type skeletal fluorosis in China.

The change of serum soluble Klotho (sKlotho) content is related to a variety of osteoarthropathy. However, its association with the severity of skeletal fluorosis (SF) is not clear. Here, the association of tea fluoride exposure with serum sKlotho levels and the severity of SF were investigated and further verified in a rat model of fluorosis.

Modeling system for predicting enterococci levels at Holly Beach.

This paper presents a new modeling system for nowcasting and forecasting enterococci levels in coastal recreation waters at any time during the day. The modeling system consists of (1) an artificial neural network (ANN) model for predicting the enterococci level at sunrise time, (2) a clear-sky solar radiation and turbidity correction to the ANN model, (3) remote sensing algorithms for turbidity, and (4) nowcasting/forecasting data. The first three components are also unique features of the new modeling system.

Development of predictive models for determining enterococci levels at Gulf Coast beaches.

The US EPA BEACH Act requires beach managers to issue swimming advisories when water quality standards are exceeded. While a number of methods/models have been proposed to meet the BEACH Act requirement, no systematic comparisons of different methods against the same data series are available in terms of relative performance of existing methods. This study presents and compares three models for nowcasting and forecasting enterococci levels at Gulf Coast beaches in Louisiana, USA.

Synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of a series of oligorhamnoside derivatives.

A series of novel oligorhamnoside derivatives (1-10) and naturally occurring cleistrioside-5 were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities. Among them, dirhamnoside derivative 7 and cleistrioside-5 displayed similar antibacterial profiles and exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activities on bacterial growth against a panel of Gram-positive bacteria (MICs ≤ 4-32 μg/mL). The results revealed that these two compounds showed selectivity towards bacterial species strictly, without being affected by the antibiotic-resistant/susceptible properties of one species, which suggested that they might have the potential to avoid antibiotic cross-resistance.

Total synthesis of caminoside B, a novel antimicrobial glycolipid isolated from the marine sponge Caminus sphaeroconia.

The first total synthesis of caminoside B, a novel marine antimicrobial glycolipid isolated from the marine sponge Caminus sphaeroconia, was developed. This marine small molecule inhibitor (IC(50)=20 microM) targeting type III secretory pathway of bacterial pathogenesis was assembled in good yield via a '2+2+1' strategy based on stereocontrolled construction of the four glycosidic linkages.

Discovery of the first series of small molecule H5N1 entry inhibitors.

The occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 highlights the urgent need for new classes of antiviral drugs. Inhibition of H5N1 entry into cells may be an effective strategy. We report the first three small molecule inhibitors saponins with 3-O-beta-chacotriosyl residue, which showed potent inhibitory activity with IC(50) of 7.

Concise synthesis of clarhamnoside, a novel glycosphingolipid isolated from the marine sponge Agela clathrodes.

The first total synthesis of a novel alpha-galactoglycosphingolipid clarhamnoside has been achieved through a straightforward strategy. A thiogalactosyl donor with a benzylidene group at C-4 and C-6 and nonparticipating p-methoxybenzyl group at C-2 was successfully employed in the stereocontrolled syntheses of alpha-GalGSLs. The N-Phth-protected trifluoroacetimidate donor for terminal disaccharide was successfully applied in constructing the [GalNAc beta-(1-->6)-Gal] glycosidic linkage.

Total synthesis of cleistetroside-2, partially acetylated dodecanyl tetrarhamnoside derivative isolated from Cleistopholis patens and Cleistopholis glauca.

The total synthesis of a partially acetylated dodecanyl tetrarhamnoside derivative, cleistetroside-2, which was isolated from Cleistopholis patens and Cleistopholis glauca and showed significant in vitro antibacterial activity against the Gram-positive bacteria, was achieved for the first time.

Synthesis of the tetrasaccharide residue of clarhamnoside, a novel glycosphingolipid isolated from the marine sponge Agelas clathrodes.

A tetrasaccharide, alpha-l-Rhap-(1-->3)-beta-d-GalpNAc-(1-->6)-alpha-d-Galp-(1-->2)-alpha-d-Galp, the carbohydrate moiety of clarhamnoside isolated from the marine sponge Agelas clathrodes, was synthesized as its propyl glycoside via a convergent approach. The key steps to the synthetic strategy were the stereoselective construction of the reducing-end disaccharide alpha-d-Galp-(1-->2)-d-Galp (5) and efficient coupling with the terminal disaccharide alpha-l-Rhap-(1-->3)-d-GalpNAc building block, in which the N-phthalimido-protected trifluoroacetimidate 13 was proved to be an effective donor.