Effects of esketamine on electrophysiology and metabolic reprogramming in brain organoids: insights into antidepressant mechanisms.

Esketamine, commonly used to treat treatment-resistant depression, has pharmacological mechanisms that remain incompletely understood. Brain organoids offer a human-relevant platform for investigating the cellular and molecular effects of drugs. In this study, we investigated the effects of esketamine on the electrophysiology and metabolism of brain organoids derived from iPSCs of healthy control subjects and depressed patients.

Association between anxiety disorder, anxiolytic drugs, and risk of incident Parkinson's disease.

In this prospective cohort study, we analysed data from 502,364 participants (ages 40-69) in the UK Biobank, with follow-up until 2024. Logistic and Cox regression analysis identified generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as independent risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients under 71 also at increased risk. Panic disorder (PAD) showed no association with PD.

Relationship between child opportunity index and body mass index -score: a mixed-effects analysis with data from a lifestyle intervention with Hispanic children.

Background: The Childhood Opportunity Index (COI) is a relatively new measure for assessing opportunity across education, health and environment, and socioeconomic context. Research indicates that higher COI is associated with lower obesity risk; however, existing research offers no evidence for differences, or lack thereof, across racial/ethnic groups. The larger body of research on the relationship between neighborhood environments and obesity risk among Hispanic children with low-income between 5 and 11-year-olds is limited.

The Role of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation: A Meta-Analysis.

This meta-analysis systematically evaluated the impact of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) on the survival of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and related factors. A computerized search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), PubMed, and Embase was conducted from the database's inception to May 1, 2023. The study included observational studies of patients who experienced OHCA and were successfully resuscitated using BCPR, following the predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion.

Association between dietary inflammatory index and Parkinson's disease: a prospective study of 165,531 UK biobank participants.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that increasingly affects the aging population. Inflammation is implicated in both the onset and progression of PD, with diet influencing inflammatory pathways. The Dietary Inflammation Index (DII) measures diet-related inflammatory potential.

Jiannao Pills alleviate depression-like behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress-induced mice through NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.

Objective: Depression is a significant mental disorder that damages human health. Jiannao Pills (JNW) as a commercial mediation has demonstrated its effectiveness in depression treatment but the mechanism remains elusive. This research endeavored to examine the effects of JNW on the depression-like behavior in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism.

Dynamics of serum tumor markers may indicate the progression of interstitial lung disease in Sjögren's syndrome patients: new roles for old friends.

A retrospective case-control study was designed to identify the characteristics and predictors of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS)-associated progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD). Patients who diagnosed pSS-ILD were enrolled from Shanghai Tongji Hospital between January 1, 2015, and September 30, 2023. Relevant clinical data, including medical history, laboratory test results, and imaging findings, were collected at baseline.

Electrochemical synthesis of PhSe/CF-containing dibenzazepines radical cascade cyclization of alkynes.

A green and simple electrochemical method for the synthesis of PhSe/CF-containing dioxodibenzothiazepines has been developed radical cascade cyclization of alkynes. This transformation provides a novel approach for the synthesis of 7-membered heterocycles without the addition of any external catalyst or oxidant under mild reaction conditions. A gram-scale experiment demonstrated the practicality of this transformation.

Construction of a prognostic model for endometrial cancer related to programmed cell death using WGCNA and machine learning algorithms.

Background: Programmed cell death (PCD) refers to a regulated and active process of cellular demise, initiated by specific biological signals. PCD plays a crucial role in the development, progression, and drug resistance of uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma (UCEC), making the exploration of its relationship with UCEC prognosis highly clinically relevant.

Methods: Data from UCEC patients and control cohorts were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database.

Cardiovascular risk factors modulate the effect of brain imaging-derived phenotypes on ischaemic stroke risk.

Studies have shown that cardiovascular risk factors are closely related to the occurrence of stroke, especially ischaemic stroke, as they can lead to changes in brain structure and function. However, the role of cardiovascular risk factors-induced changes in brain structure and function in the development of ischaemic stroke has not been studied. The aim of this study is thus to explore the causal association among cardiovascular risk factors, brain phenotypes and ischaemic stroke by assessing Mendelian randomization.

Modeling and resilience analysis of multi-group supply chain network.

Modern supply chains are highly complex and have a networked structure, known as supply chain networks (SCNs). Traditional models for SCNs are constructed in a multi-level structure, where each level contains nodes of the same type, such as second-tier suppliers, first-tier suppliers, manufacturers, and retailers. However, in real-world SCNs, enterprises at the same level may produce different types of products.

humoral immunity during the first 2 years of life in children from endemic areas.

is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea, primarily affecting children in impoverished regions. Disease incidence is highest in toddlers 1-2 years of age. Acquisition of immunity over time reduces the risk of infection.

Trusted health system implementation strategies to increase vaccination (TRUE SYNERGI): a stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial to reduce HPV-related cancers.

Background: Despite the availability of highly effective HPV vaccines that can reduce HPV-associated cancer mortality, HPV vaccination rates in Texas rank 48th nationwide. Although evidence shows Latino parents are more accepting of HPV vaccination than non-Hispanic parents, this disparity in vaccination rates underscores the importance of understanding Latino parental HPV vaccine hesitancy. Latinos/as typically receive healthcare at Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), which often need support implementing and improving access to evidence based preventive services.

Inhibitor of differentiation-2 protein ameliorates complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis and inhibits STAT3 phosphorylation in the synovium.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease causing joint inflammation, dysfunction, and deformity, along with systemic inflammatory manifestations. Inhibitor of differentiation-2 (ID2) is a transcription factor containing a helix-loop-helix (HLH) structure. Studies suggest that ID2 regulates innate and adaptive immunity and inhibits the differentiation of osteoclasts.

One month follow-up outcomes of a transdermal alcohol concentration-based contingency management intervention to reduce heavy drinking among driving while intoxicated arrestees.

Background: High rates of driving while intoxicated persist, and recidivism is common. Recently, we demonstrated that 8 weeks of transdermal alcohol concentration (TAC)-based contingency management (CM) reduced heavy drinking (≥5 [men] or ≥4 [women] standard drinks) in 145 DWI arrestees under pretrial supervision. Here, we report 1-month (postintervention) follow-up outcomes for a subgroup of participants who were not Mandated to wear transdermal alcohol monitors.

An intranasal adjuvanted, recombinant influenza A/H5 vaccine candidate induces broad priming against diverse influenza A/H5N1 virus clades in a phase I randomized trial in healthy adults.

We conducted a randomized, controlled phase I trial (NCT05397119) of a novel adjuvanted recombinant influenza A/H5 (A/Indonesia/05/2005, clade 2.1) hemagglutinin vaccine, administered intranasally in two doses 28 days apart at three antigen levels. Control groups received unadjuvanted recombinant H5 or formulation buffer placebo.

Exome sequencing identifies novel genes associated with cerebellar volume and microstructure.

Proteins encoded by exons are critical for cellular functions, and mutations in these genes often result in significant phenotypic effects. The cerebellum is linked to various heritable human disease phenotypes, yet genome-wide association studies have struggled to capture the effects of rare variants on cerebellar traits. This study conducts a large-scale exome association analysis using data from approximately 35,000 UK Biobank participants, examining seven cerebellar traits, including total cerebellar volume and white matter microstructure.

infection induces autoimmune hepatitis in mice.

Background: Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is a chronic progressive liver disease caused by the immune system mistakenly attacking its own hepatocytes. The role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis and progression of AIH is of considerable significance. However, the dearth of suitable animal models has significantly constrained advancements in the pathogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies for AIH.

Genome and pathogenicity analysis of Helicobacter mastomyrinus isolated from mice.

The increasing attention given to the potential risk offered by enterohepatic Helicobacter species to the well-being of human beings and animals is of significant importance. Helicobacter mastomyrinus (H. mastomyrinus), a bacterium predominantly associated with rodents, has been implicated in liver and intestinal pathologies.

Inflammatory responses to acute carbon monoxide poisoning and the role of plasma gelsolin.

The mechanism for neurological deficits from carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is unclear. In a series of 150 patients with CO poisoning, we found marked elevations of blood-borne inflammatory filamentous (F-) actin-coated microparticles (MPs), neutrophil activation, and a 90% reduction in the normal level of plasma gelsolin (pGSN), a protein capable of lysing F-actin-coated MPs. This led to studies in a murine model where the same events occur and cause neuroinflammation with cognitive dysfunction.

A free association semantic task for fNIRS-based perinatal depression assessment.

Perinatal depression (PD) is a highly prevalent psychological disorder that has a detrimental effect on infant and maternal physical and mental health, but effective and objective assessment of PD is still insufficient. In recent years, the functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) has been acknowledged as an effective non-invasive tool for clinical assessment of depression. This study proposed a free association semantic task (FAST) paradigm for fNIRS-based assessment of PD.

E3 ubiquitin ligase CHIP facilitates cAMP and cGMP signalling cross-talk by polyubiquitinating PDE9A.

The carboxyl terminus of Hsc70-interacting protein (CHIP) is pivotal for managing misfolded and aggregated proteins via chaperone networks and degradation pathways. In a preclinical rodent model of CHIP-related ataxia, we observed that CHIP mutations lead to increased levels of phosphodiesterase 9A (PDE9A), whose role in this context remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the role of PDE9A in CHIP-related ataxia and demonstrated that CHIP binds to PDE9A, facilitating its polyubiquitination and autophagic degradation.

Absolute quantification of Neuron-specific enolase based on surface plasmon resonance.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is currently the most reliable biomarker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is important for disease monitoring, clinical evaluation and diagnosis. However, traditional methods suffer from various disadvantages, including instability, complexity, time-consuming operations, and the necessity for standards. In this study, we developed a calibration-free concentration analysis (CFCA) method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, to accurately quantify the active concentration of NSE without relying on any standards.

Self-Assembled EGCG Nanoparticles with Enhanced Intracellular ROS Scavenging for Skin Radioprotection.

Purpose: Skin radiation damage is a prevalent form of tissue injury encountered during radiotherapy, radiation accidents, and occupational exposure. The only clinically approved radioprotective agent, amifostine, is associated with numerous side effects, underscoring the urgent need for the development of safe and effective radioprotective agents. Natural products with reductive properties possess high antioxidant activity and biocompatibility, but their low bioavailability limits their radioprotective efficacy and clinical application.