5,7,3',4',5'-Pentamethoxyflavone, a Flavonoid Monomer Extracted From Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Alleviates Anxiety Through the AR/Gephyrin/GABRA2 Pathway.

The sedative and hypnotic properties of 5,7,3',4',5'-pentamethoxyflavone (PMF), a monomer extracted from the leaves of Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, have been reported. However, the role of PMFs in the development of anxiety remains uncertain.

Microglia Caspase11 non-canonical inflammasome drives fever.

Aim: Animals exhibit physiological changes designed to eliminate the perceived danger, provoking similar symptoms of fever. However, a high-grade fever indicates poor clinical outcomes. Caspase11 (Casp11) is involved in many inflammatory diseases.

Ginsenoside Rc Alleviates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Reducing Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis: Role of SIRT1 Activation.

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury occurs when coronary blood supply is impaired and then re-established, leading to additional injury to the myocardial tissue, including mitochondria oxidative stress and apoptosis. Ginsenoside Rc is one of the main protopanaxadiol-type saponins, and there has been relatively little research on it. Despite research confirming that ginsenoside Rc regulates mitochondrial functions, its potential benefits against MI/R injury have not been explored.

Ginsenoside Rd Inhibited Ferroptosis to Alleviate CCl-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via cGAS/STING Pathway.

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl)-induced lipid peroxidation associated with hepatic oxidative stress and cell death is an important mechanism of acute liver injury (ALI). Ginsenoside Rd is considered an active ingredient of ginseng. Evidence suggests that ginsenoside Rd may improve ischaemic stroke, nerve damage, cancer and other diseases involving apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial injury and autophagy.

Ginseng-Astragalus-oxymatrine injection ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mice and enhances the immune activity of RAW264.7 cells.

Ethnopharmacological Significance: Ginseng quinquefolium (L.), Astragalus membranaceus, and Sophora flavescens Aiton are popular folk medicines in many Asian countries and regions. These three traditional Chinese herbs and their extracts have been reported to considerably enhance the immune function.

Protective effects of ginsenoside Rc against acute cold exposure-induced myocardial injury in rats.

Ginsenoside Rc is one of the cardinal bioactive components of Panax ginseng. The present study aimed to investigate whether ginsenoside Rc exerted protective effects against acute cold exposure-induced myocardial injury in rats. Forty rats were randomly assigned into four groups: Control, model, ginsenoside Rc 10 mg/kg, and 20 mg/kg groups.

Pseudo-ginsenoside Rh2 Induces Protective Autophagy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 Cells.

Background: Pseudo-ginsenoside-Rh2 (pseudo-G-Rh2), a novel derivative of ginsenoside Rh2, is reported to exert a pro-apoptotic effect on various malignancies. However, whether this anti-cancer action of pseudo-G-Rh2 involves autophagy remains to be determined and explored.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the pseudo-G-Rh2-induced apoptosis and autophagy and the underlying mechanism.

Ginsenoside Rc Ameliorates Endothelial Insulin Resistance via Upregulation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major health concern which may cause cardiovascular complications. Insulin resistance (IR), regarded as a hallmark of T2DM, is characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Ginsenoside Rc is one of the main protopanaxadiol-type saponins with relatively less research on it.

Protective effects of polysaccharides from Panax ginseng on acute gastric ulcers induced by ethanol in rats.

Panax ginseng is a traditional medicine used in China to treat many diseases. Polysaccharides are primary active components and have many pharmacological effects. Gastric ulcer is a serious gastrointestinal disease.

Saponins Protect Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion No-Reflow Through Inhibiting the Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

At present, many patients who undergo reperfusion immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention will undergo microvascular obstruction and reduction in myocardial blood flow. This phenomenon is called "no-reflow (NR)," and there is still no effective therapy for NR. Studies showed saponins (PQS) have effect on MI/R injury, while the effect and mechanism of PQS on MI/R induced NR are not clear.

extract alleviates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress.

 (IO) is an edible fungus that exerts various biological functions, including anti‑inflammatory, antitumor and immunomodulatory effects. The present study was designed to investigate the role of IO extract (IOE) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) and determine the exact molecular mechanisms. The left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated to establish the MI/R injury model in rats.

Laxative Effects of Yangyin Tongmi Capsule on a Model of Diphenoxylate-Induced Constipation in Mice.

Constipation is characterized by reduced number of bowel movements, dry stools, and difficult defecation. Yangyin Tongmi capsule (YTC), a traditional Chinese formula, is used in the treatment of constipation, while the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Herein, this work attempted to prove the effects of YTC on constipation treatment and its possible mechanisms.