Working across religions, cultures, settings, and development: Protocol for wave 2 data collection with children and parents by the developing belief network.

The Developing Belief Network is a global research collaborative studying religious development in diverse social-cultural settings, with a focus on the intersection of cognitive mechanisms and cultural beliefs and practices in early and middle childhood. The current manuscript describes the study protocol for the network's second wave of data collection, which aims to further explore the development and diversity of religious cognition and behavior using a multi-time point approach. This protocol is designed to investigate three key research questions-how children represent and reason about religious and supernatural agents, how children represent and reason about religion as an aspect of social identity, and how religious and supernatural beliefs are transmitted within and between generations-via a set of eight tasks for children between the ages of 5 and 13 years and a survey completed by their parents/caregivers.

Associations of Physical Frailty, Social Deficits, and Cognitive Impairment with Risk of 45 Incident Non-Communicable Diseases: The Mediating Role of Accelerated Biological Aging-A Prospective Cohort Study.

Objectives: Frailty extends beyond a physical construct to encompass cognitive and social functioning. We aimed to assess the associations of these impairments, individually and in combination, with the risk of 45 non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and explore the role of accelerated biological aging.

Design And Setting: A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from the UK Biobank.

Research status and trends of drug-coated balloons in coronary artery disease: a bibliometric analysis.

Objective: Drug-coated balloons have emerged as a pivotal alternative to drug-eluting stents in the interventional management of coronary artery disease, particularly showing clinical advantages in the treatment of in-stent restenosis and small-vessel disease. This study provides a systematic bibliometric analysis of publication trends, research hotspots, and future directions in DCB-related CAD research from 2004 to June 2025.

Methods: A total of 1,092 publications indexed in the Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases were analyzed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and bibliometrix.

Clustering Single-Cell RNA-Seq Data with Low-Rank Matrix Factorization and Local Graph Regularization.

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers significant opportunities to reveal cellular heterogeneity and diversity. Accurate cell type identification is critical for downstream analyses and understanding the mechanisms of heterogeneity. However, challenges arise from the high dimensionality, sparsity, and noise of scRNA-seq data.

Early thelarche, reproductive hormones, and MRI-based breast density: a prospective study in China.

Background: The age of thelarche in girls has declined globally. While earlier menarche has been linked to higher breast density - a known risk factor for breast cancer - the association between earlier thelarche and breast density remains unclear.

Methods: 114 Girls presenting with idiopathic central precocious puberty without medication (ICPP), early thelarche (ET), and normal age at thelarche (NT) were recruited from pediatric endocrine clinics of three hospitals during the year of 2020-2021 in Hefei, Anhui Province, China and were followed up for 3-5 years.

Optimal design of Ru-Sn oxide catalysts for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction using the cluster-plus-glue-atom model.

Using the cluster-plus-glue-atom model, we optimized Ru-Sn oxide catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Optimal performance is achieved when all glue-atom sites are occupied by Sn (, Ru : Sn = 1 : 2), thereby maximizing both OER activity and stability. This work provides novel insights and a rapid strategy for designing efficient, stable Ru-based catalysts.

A PHYSICS-GUIDED SMOOTHING METHOD FOR MATERIAL MODELING WITH DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION (DIC) MEASUREMENTS.

In this work, we present a novel approach to process the DIC measurements of multiple biaxial stretching protocols. In particular, we develop a optimization-based approach, which calculates the smoothed nodal displacements using a moving least-squares algorithm subject to positive strain constraints. As such, physically consistent displacement and strain fields are obtained.

Meta-synthesis of rehabilitation experiences and needs of adolescent patients with mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: This paper aims to systematically evaluate and integrate qualitative research on the experiences and needs of adolescent patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) during rehabilitation and to provide references for rehabilitation care strategies for such patients.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, and VIP Database were searched for relevant qualitative studies until September 15, 2024.

Results: A total of 863 documents were found, and after screening, eight documents were finally included, of which two were rated A and six were rated B in terms of quality.

A Comprehensive Clinical Evaluation of Rilonacept in the Treatment of Recurrent Pericarditis: A Systematic Review.

Objective: Recurrent pericarditis (RP) is a rare cardiac condition characterized by recurrent inflammation, in which interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a key mediator. Despite increasing use of IL-1 inhibitors, comprehensive evaluations of rilonacept for RP are very limited, especially in China, where RP was newly listed as a rare disease in 2023. This review addresses the current gap by systematically assessing the efficacy, safety, cost-effectiveness, innovativeness, suitability, and accessibility of rilonacept in the management of RP, providing evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.

Clinical, Microbiological, and Antibiotic Treatment Characteristics of Bacterial Infections in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in China: A Multicenter Study.

Background And Aims: Epidemiological data on bacterial infections in cirrhosis in China remain limited. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a multicenter study to investigate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with cirrhosis and bacterial infections in China.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled 1,438 hospitalized adult patients with cirrhosis and bacterial or fungal infections from 24 hospitals across China between January 2018 and September 2024.

Regional homogeneity differences between the brains of young men and young women: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate gender differences in the brains of young healthy adults, by calculating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) values of resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Thereby providing candidate imaging biomarkers for risk stratification of neurodegenerative diseases and offering a basis for their early screening and targeted intervention.

Methods: Forty-two (42) healthy young adults (21males and 21females) were examined using resting-state fMRI.

Pharmacological Insights and Therapeutic Applications of Leonurus in Neurological Disorders.

Leonurus has a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine, particularly for its therapeutic effects in gynecological disorders and its ability to promote blood circulation. Leonurus contains a variety of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which demonstrate significant pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Additionally, combining Leonurus with conventional pharmaceutical treatments may produce synergistic effects, enhancing therapeutic outcomes.

A realistic phantom dataset for benchmarking cryo-ET data annotation.

Cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET) is a powerful technique for imaging molecular complexes in their native cellular environments. However, identifying the vast majority of molecular species in cellular tomograms remains prohibitively difficult. Machine learning (ML) methods provide an opportunity to automate the annotation process, but algorithm development has been hindered by the lack of large, standardized datasets.

Enzymatic mechanism of polystyrene biodegradation: key depolymerization enzymes in the Stenotrophomonas maltophilia sp. ZSL2493.

Annual global plastic waste exceeds 287 million tonnes, devastating ecosystems and health. As a promising solution, yellow mealworm larvae have shown the ability to degrade plastics. In this study, we explored the regional characteristics of the yellow mealworm and isolated a novel enteric bacterium, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ZSL2493, from the intestinal tract of yellow mealworm larvae, which achieved a biodegradation efficiency of 14.

Epidemiological and phylogenetic characterization of human respiratory syncytial virus associated with severe acute respiratory infections in paediatric patients from 2016 to 2023 in Hangzhou, China.

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), a leading cause of paediatric respiratory infections, is a major contributor to global childhood morbidity. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the epidemiology and phylogenetic characterization of HRSV in paediatric severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) cases in Hangzhou. A total of 2,277 paediatric SARI samples were screened for HRSV.

Copper triggers plant immunity: Enhancing StRVE1 expression to activate salicylic acid accumulation by directly upregulating the StSID2-2 variant.

Phytophthora infestans significantly reduces the yield and quality of potato. Copper ion (Cu)-based antimicrobial compounds (CBACs) have been commercially applied for over a century to combat phytopathogens such as P. infestans.

Molecular Design of Self-Doping Cathode Interlayer for Efficient and Humidity-Resistant Organic Photovoltaic Cells.

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells has surpassed 20%. However, their stability remains a critical issue that requires further improvement, particularly due to severe performance degradation under humid conditions. To tackle this challenge, a series of cathode interlayer materials─NDIP-M, NDIP3F-M, and NDIP4F-M─were rationally designed and synthesized through side-chain engineering combined with fluorination strategies.

Declining Bowel Surgery Rates and Predictors for Surgery of Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Inception Cohort in Eastern China.

Objective: To investigate the rate of Crohn's disease (CD)-related bowel surgery within an inception cohort in Eastern China in the era of evolving diagnostic and therapeutic expertise.

Methods: A single-center, prospective cohort study was conducted from July 2019 to June 2022 in China. Patients with newly diagnosed CD were followed annually.

A novel mechanism involving USP53-regulated BSEP trafficking underlies low-GGT intrahepatic cholestasis.

Background And Aims: USP53 variants cause low-GGT progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). The mechanism is not well understood. USP53, which encodes a ubiquitin-specific protease, has been proposed to be involved in blood-bile barrier impairment.

A Welding Defect Detection Model Based on Hybrid-Enhanced Multi-Granularity Spatiotemporal Representation Learning.

Real-time quality monitoring using molten pool images is a critical focus in researching high-quality, intelligent automated welding. To address interference problems in molten pool images under complex welding scenarios (e.g.

Spectroscopic and Imaging Technologies Combined with Machine Learning for Intelligent Perception of Pesticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables.

Pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables pose a serious threat to food safety. Traditional detection methods have defects such as complex operation, high cost, and long detection time. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop rapid, non-destructive, and efficient detection technologies and equipment.

Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Na1.8 Inhibitory Evaluation of Villosin B, 17-Hydroxymandarone B, and Their Derivatives.

Herein, we present two 17(15→16)--abietane diterpenoids ( and ) as the first terpenoid-class Na1.8 inhibitors, along with their first asymmetric total syntheses to enable in-depth pharmacological studies. Key steps include kinetic resolution of terminal epoxides, bioinspired polyene cyclization, and late-stage photocatalytic benzylic oxidation.

Odd-Parity Magnetism Driven by Antiferromagnetic Exchange.

Realizing odd-parity, time-reversal-preserving, nonrelativistic spin splitting is a central goal for spintronics applications. We propose a group-theory-based microscopic framework to induce odd-parity spin splitting from coplanar antiferromagnetic (AFM) states without spin-orbit coupling (SOC). We develop phenomenological models for 421 conventional period-doubling AFM systems in nonsymmorphic space groups and construct minimal microscopic models for 119 of these.

AO168=O at environmentally relevant concentrations induces reproductive toxicity by causing germline apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in Caenorhabditiselegans.

Tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphate (AO168=O) is an oxidized derivative of the widely used organophosphite antioxidant tris(2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite (AO168). AO168=O, frequently detected in environments, represents a novel organophosphate ester, the toxicity of which is poorly known. We report the effects of exposure to AO168=O on reproductive characteristics of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.