Feeding of reduced vitamin premix negatively affects laying performance and vitamin contents in chicken eggs.

This study was conducted to investigate effects of diets with varying levels of vitamin premix on egg production, eggshell quality, and vitamin contents in eggs of commercial laying hens. A total of 144 Hy-line Brown layers at 45 weeks old were randomly divided into four groups (six replicates, 6 birds for each group) and fed diets containing different levels of vitamin premix for eight weeks. Laying hens in the control group received diet containing 100% vitamin premix (0.

Synthetic data-augmented machine learning approaches for tailor-made microbial conversion of methane to phytoene.

Metabolic engineering has become a critical tool for biosynthesizing valuable compounds, yet its progress is frequently constrained by labor-intensive, trial-and-error methods. Here, a machine learning (ML)-assisted predictive framework enhanced with synthetic data generation method was developed to systematically optimize the metabolic pathway responsible for biosynthesis of phytoene from methane in the non-model methanotroph, Methylocystis sp. MJC1.

Fracture risk in Korean postmenopausal women: The influence of BMI, age, and bone density.

Objectives: Fracture risk in postmenopausal women is influenced by bone mineral density (BMD), age, and body mass index (BMI). However, fracture prevention strategies primarily focus on low BMD, often overlooking other key factors.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 18,151 Korean postmenopausal women aged 50 or older who underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at Ajou University Hospital from years of 2006-2014.

Anticancer Treatment Influences TREM2 in Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Lung Cancer.

Purpose: The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM2) creates an immunosuppressive environment, but the effects of anticancer treatment on TREM2 and the tumor microenvironment (TME) are not well established. This study investigates the impact of chemotherapy on TREM2-expressing macrophages within the lung adenocarcinoma TME.

Materials And Methods: Using single-cell RNA sequencing datasets of paired normal-appearing lung tissue (NL) and tumor (Tu), human and mouse lung cancer tissue, and THP-1 cells, we observed the effects of anticancer drugs on them.

Dual Use of Electronic Cigarettes and Cigarettes Elevates Risk of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Mental Health Issues: Insights from a Korean Health Survey.

Purpose: Significant differences exist between the toxicity and adverse outcomes of conventional cigarettes and electronic cigarettes. However, spirometry-based clinical outcome analyses in the general population have not been widely studied. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with electronic cigarette use among individuals with different smoking status and pulmonary function test results.

Trends and management of acute respiratory failure in hospitalized patients: a multicenter retrospective study in South Korea.

Background: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is the leading cause of hospitalization and is associated with in-hospital mortality. This study aimed to elucidate the epidemiology and clinical outcomes of ARF.

Methods: We retrospectively screened patients admitted to three hospitals in South Korea between January 2018 and December 2022.

Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in the Korean General Population: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Non-Invasive Screening.

: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) represents a contemporary classification of liver disease linked to metabolic dysfunction. It is recognized as the main form of chronic liver disease and significantly contributes to liver-related morbidity and mortality rates. The epidemiology of MASLD is affected by ethnic background, sex, age, and environmental factors.

Chromosomal Rearrangements in 1,787 Cases of Acute Leukemia in Korea over 15 Years.

Background: Chromosomal alterations serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers in acute leukemia. Given the evolving landscape of chromosomal abnormalities in acute leukemia, we previously studied these over two periods. In this study, we investigated the frequency of these abnormalities and clinical trends in acute leukemia in Korea across three time periods.

Effect of JNU 534 Supplementation on the Performance, Blood Parameters and Meat Characteristics of Inoculated Broilers.

Salmonellosis in broilers is a disease with considerable economic implications for the poultry industry. As a foodborne illness, it also poses a public health risk due to potential cross-contamination. Probiotics have been proposed as alternative feed additives aiming to enhance growth, livestock productivity, and overall health.

Distribution and Characteristics of Oral Pathogens According to Blood Glucose Levels in South Korean Health Examinees.

The distribution of oral pathogens is influenced by genetic background, diet, socioeconomic status, and racial factors. This study aimed to assess the distribution and characteristics of oral pathogens based on blood glucose levels in a South Korean population. This cross-sectional, retrospective study included subjects from 17 health promotion centers in 13 South Korean cities between November 2021 and December 2022.

All-Organic Flexible Piezoelectric Self-Powered Sensors Through Gradient Engineering of P(VDF-TrFE) Fibers and PEDOT:PSS.

Electrospinning-derived piezoelectric polymer P(VDF-TrFE) fibers represent promising materials for piezoelectric self-powered sensors in wearable and biomedical applications, attributed to their lightweight nature, flexibility, and superior piezoelectric properties. However, integrating effective electrodes with P(VDF-TrFE) fibers remains challenging. Metal electrodes often fail to maintain stable contact on complex fiber surfaces, while conductive polymer electrodes face limitations in conductivity and chemical compatibility with P(VDF-TrFE).

Comparative Assessment of Acute Pulmonary Effects Induced by Heat-Not-Burn Tobacco Aerosol Inhalation in a Murine Model.

Tobacco smoking remains a major global health concern, causing preventable deaths and economic strain. Although new tobacco products such as heat-not-burn (HnB) are safer alternatives to traditional cigarettes, research on their associated risks remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HnB smoke exposure on the lungs compared to those of traditional cigarettes and the combined use of HnB and cigarettes using experiments with a mouse model.

Evaluating Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Membranes for Pharmaceutically Active Compounds Removal: A Solution Diffusion Model Approach.

Trace organic contaminants (TrOCs), including pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs), present significant challenges for conventional water treatment processes and pose potential risks to environmental and human health. To address these issues, nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membrane technologies have gained attention. This study aims to evaluate the performance of NF and RO membranes in removing TrOCs from wastewater and develop a predictive model using the Solution Diffusion Model.

Dynamic microbial changes in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Microbial profiles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) provide insights for predicting, preventing, and treating exacerbations. This study aimed to analyze the impact of microbial diversity and spectrum on COPD exacerbation.

Methods: From November 1, 2018, to May 31, 2023, we prospectively enrolled patients with stable disease (SD) and exacerbation of COPD (ECOPD).

Association between Age-Related Macular Degeneration with Visual Disability and Risk of Dementia: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Objectives: To investigate the prospective association between the risk of dementia and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in patients with related visual disability (VD).

Design: A nationwide population-based cohort study used authorized data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service.

Setting And Participants: A total of 1,788,457 individuals aged >50 years who participated in the Korean National Health Screening Program were enrolled.

Early management of adult sepsis and septic shock: Korean clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Despite recent advances and global improvements in sepsis recognition and supportive care, mortality rates remain high, and adherence to sepsis bundle components in Korea is low. To address this, the Korean Sepsis Alliance, affiliated with the Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine, developed the first sepsis treatment guidelines for Korea based on a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: A de novo method was used to develop the guidelines.

Clinical Spectrum of Monoclonal Protein and the Factors Associated with Lymphoplasmacytic Malignancies.

Monoclonal protein (MP) presents in various monoclonal gammopathies, ranging from benign conditions such as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to life-threatening conditions such as lymphoplasmacytic malignancies (LPMs), which include multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Few studies have comprehensively assessed the clinical spectrum of MP and its factors associated with LPMs. This study aimed to determine the clinical spectrum of MP and identify factors associated with LPMs.

Appropriate Allergic Rhinitis Medications Can Reduce Systemic Steroid Requirement and Prevent Rhinosinusitis.

: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is quite common and sometimes it requires systemic steroids and can be accompanied by coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), rhinosinusitis, or asthma. We aimed to determine the comparative effect of different types of AR medications on clinical prognosis in real-world settings. : We used national claims data provided by the National Health Insurance Service in the Republic of Korea.

Exploring the Interplay Between Senescent Osteocytes and Bone Remodeling in Young Rodents.

This study identifies senescent osteocytes in the femur and tibia of young rodents and explores their role in bone remodeling. The proximity of osteoclasts to senescent osteocytes was observed, which is a new finding. Cultured osteocytes, sorted using a podoplanin antibody in FACS, exhibited osteocytic characteristics and increased senescence-related genes.

Improvement of succinate production from methane by combining rational engineering and laboratory evolution in Methylomonas sp. DH-1.

Recently, methane has been considered a next-generation carbon feedstock due to its abundance and it is main component of shale gas and biogas. Methylomonas sp. DH-1 has been evaluated as a promising industrial bio-catalyst candidate.

Natural frequency tree- versus conditional probability formula-based training for medical students' estimation of screening test predictive values: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Medical students and professionals often struggle to understand medical test results, which can lead to poor medical decisions. Natural frequency tree-based training (NF-TT) has been suggested to help people correctly estimate the predictive value of medical tests. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of NF-TT with conventional conditional probability formula-based training (CP-FT) and investigate student variables that may influence NF-TT's effectiveness.

Pathogenicity of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Viruses Isolated from Cats in Mice and Ferrets, South Korea, 2023.

The prevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) viruses has increased in wild birds and poultry worldwide, and concomitant outbreaks in mammals have occurred. During 2023, outbreaks of HPAI H5N1 virus infections were reported in cats in South Korea. The H5N1 clade 2.

Diosmetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside from Pogostemonis Herba alleviated SARS-CoV-2-induced pneumonia by reshaping macrophage polarization and limiting viral replication.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Viral pneumonia is the leading cause of death after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite effective at early stage, long-term treatment with glucocorticoids can lead to a variety of adverse effects and limited benefits. The Chinese traditional herb Pogostemonis Herba is the aerial part of Pogostemon Cablin (Blanco) Benth.