Comprehensive Review of Comorbidities in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry: Insights from 2024.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a progressive lung disease commonly associated with multiple comorbidities, significantly affecting prognosis and clinical management. Systemic inflammation and shared risk factors contribute to the development of these comorbidities. Additionally, Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm) has been recognized as a high-risk condition for COPD progression; however, its comorbid burden remains insufficiently studied.

Nationwide Quality Assessment of Lung Cancer Management in Korea: Based on Second-Cycle Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) Evaluation.

Background: Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. To improve lung cancer care quality, the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) in Korea conducted the first phase of the second-cycle adequacy assessment, incorporating patient-centered and outcome-based indicators.

Methods: This study analyzed HIRA claims data from 106 medical institutions treating lung cancer between July 2022 and June 2023.

Salivary levels of amyloid beta reflect brain amyloid beta burden in cognitively-normal older adults.

Background: Amyloid beta (Aβ) plaque burden, as measured by positron emission tomography (PET), is increasingly being used as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as well as a screening or monitoring tool for clinical trials with amyloid-lowering drugs. However, PET imaging is expensive, invasive and not widely available for all patients, necessitating alternative means to assess brain Aβ accumulation.

Objectives: In this study, we measured levels of Aβ42, Aβ40 and Aβ38 in saliva samples from cognitively unimpaired older adults (n=93; 61.

Individual differences in medial temporal lobe functional network architecture predict the capacity for sleep-related consolidation of emotional memories in older adults.

Study Objectives: Memory consolidation during non-rapid eye movement slow wave sleep (NREM SWS) involves reactivation of a hippocampal index which integrates distributed cortical representations of an experience. This study examined whether individual differences in brain network properties that align with this theoretical organization were associated with interindividual variability in memory consolidation during sleep.

Methods: Thirty-six older adults (μage=72.

The impact of withholding and withdrawal life-sustaining treatment issues on patients with sepsis: a prospective, nationwide, multicenter cohort study.

Approximately half of the patients with sepsis require intensive care unit (ICU) management and their mortality rate remains high. The concept of withholding and withdrawal life-sustaining treatment (WWLST) issue was introduced to limit the suffering of critically ill patients. However, little is known about the characteristics and outcomes of WWLST in patients with sepsis.

Metachronous development of L858R and T790M EGFR mutations following ALK inhibitor therapy in stage IV lung adenocarcinoma: a case report.

Background: Metachronous lung cancers with distinct driver mutations are rare, particularly following targeted therapy. This report presents a unique case of tumor evolution in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Case Description: A 73-year-old East Asian woman was diagnosed with stage IV anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma in the right middle lobe (RML).

Assessing statistical literacy in medical students and doctors: a single-centre, cross-sectional survey in South Korea.

Objective: Healthcare professionals must possess statistical literacy to provide evidence-based care and engage patients in decision-making. However, there have been concerns about healthcare professionals' inadequate understanding of health statistics. As an initial step in addressing the issue, we assessed the statistical literacy of medical students and doctors in South Korea by evaluating their comprehension of four statistical concepts: (a) single-event probability, (b) relative risk reduction, (c) positive predictive value and (d) 5-year survival rate.

Amyloid-Beta Deposition in Basal Frontotemporal Cortex Is Associated with Selective Disruption of Temporal Mnemonic Discrimination.

Cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), precedes clinical impairment by two to three decades. However, it is unclear whether Aβ contributes to subtle memory deficits observed during the preclinical stage. The heterogeneous emergence of Aβ deposition may selectively impact certain memory domains, which rely on distinct underlying neural circuits.

Atypical pulmonary manifestations suggestive of lung cancer in behçet's disease with spontaneously regressing lymphadenopathy and a lung mass: a case report.

Background: Behçet's disease (BD) is a multisystem inflammatory disorder that can affect various organs, including the lungs. Pulmonary manifestations are rare and typically present as pulmonary artery aneurysms.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 56-year-old East Asian male with a 27-year history of BD, who had no respiratory symptoms, such as hemoptysis, cough, or fever.

Natural frequency tree- versus conditional probability formula-based training for medical students' estimation of screening test predictive values: a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Medical students and professionals often struggle to understand medical test results, which can lead to poor medical decisions. Natural frequency tree-based training (NF-TT) has been suggested to help people correctly estimate the predictive value of medical tests. We aimed to compare the effectiveness of NF-TT with conventional conditional probability formula-based training (CP-FT) and investigate student variables that may influence NF-TT's effectiveness.

Amyloid-β deposition in basal frontotemporal cortex is associated with selective disruption of temporal mnemonic discrimination.

Cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation, a hallmark pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), precedes clinical impairment by two to three decades. However, it is unclear whether Aβ contributes to subtle memory deficits observed during the preclinical stage. The heterogenous emergence of Aβ deposition may selectively impact certain memory domains, which rely on distinct underlying neural circuits.

The amyloid beta 42/38 ratio as a plasma biomarker of early memory deficits in cognitively unimpaired older adults.

The amyloid beta (Aβ) 42/40 ratio has been widely studied as a biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, other Aβ peptides could also represent relevant biomarkers. We measured levels of Aβ38/40/42 in plasma samples from cognitively-unimpaired older adults and determined the relationships between Aβ levels and amyloid positron-emission-tomography (PET) and performance on a learning and memory task. We found that all Aβ peptides individually and the Aβ42/40 ratio, but not the Aβ42/38 ratio, were significantly correlated with brain amyloid (Aβ-PET).

Prognosis of Poorly Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Backgruound: Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) accounts for a small portion of thyroid carcinomas but contributes to a significant proportion of thyroid carcinoma-associated deaths. The clinicopathological prognostic factors and clinical outcomes of PDTC remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients with PDTC after curative treatment.

Risk Factors for Respiratory Depression Associated with Tramadol Based on the Global Pharmacovigilance Database (VigiBase).

Tramadol, a weak μ-opioid receptor agonist, has been used worldwide for pain management. It is considered to have a favorable safety profile without serious adverse events; however, safety issues of respiratory depression were proposed by regulatory governments. We aimed to examine the risk and contributing factors associated with tramadol-related respiratory depression using a real-world database, VigiBase.

Clinical Manifestations and Outcomes of Older Patients with COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review.

The consequences of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are particularly severe in older adults with a disproportionate number of severe and fatal outcomes. Therefore, this integrative review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical characteristics, management approaches, and prognosis of older patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Common clinical presentations in older patients include fever, cough, and dyspnea.

Comparative analysis of immunotherapy responses in small cell lung cancer patients with dermatomyositis.

Cancer-associated dermatomyositis (CAD), a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by dermatomyositis (DM), frequently presents in association with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Although the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment, their efficacy and safety in patients with concurrent autoimmune diseases (AD) and malignancies remains uncertain. Several studies have suggested the safe administration of ICIs in patients with AD, indicating that successful cancer therapy can alleviate CAD symptoms.

Effect of Mortality alongside 5-Year Survival Rates and Incidence on the Public's Perceived Benefits of Cancer Screening and Screening Intention: A Web-Based Experimental Study.

Background: Mortality is critical information in evaluating the benefits of cancer screening. However, 5-y survival rates and incidence, without mortality, have been frequently communicated to the public. Based on the literature that people's perceptions and judgments can be altered by the way of presenting health statistics, the current study examined whether mortality alongside 5-y survival and incidence would influence laypeople's perceptions of the effectiveness of cancer screening and screening intention.

Medial temporal lobe functional network architecture supports sleep-related emotional memory processing in older adults.

Memory consolidation occurs via reactivation of a hippocampal index during non-rapid eye movement slow-wave sleep (NREM SWS) which binds attributes of an experience existing within cortical modules. For memories containing emotional content, hippocampal-amygdala dynamics facilitate consolidation over a sleep bout. This study tested if modularity and centrality-graph theoretical measures that index the level of segregation/integration in a system and the relative import of its nodes-map onto central tenets of memory consolidation theory and sleep-related processing.

Examining the diagnostic value of the mnemonic discrimination task for classification of cognitive status and amyloid-beta burden.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia, characterized by early memory impairments and gradual worsening of daily functions. AD-related pathology, such as amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, begins to accumulate many years before the onset of clinical symptoms. Predicting risk for AD via related pathology is critical as the preclinical stage could serve as a therapeutic time window, allowing for early management of the disease and reducing health and economic costs.

NODDI-derived measures of microstructural integrity in medial temporal lobe white matter pathways are associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive outcomes.

Introduction: Diffusion tensor imaging has been used to assess white matter (WM) changes in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the tensor model is necessarily limited by its assumptions. Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) can offer insights into microstructural features of WM change.