The protective role of TIGIT+ B cells in attenuating type 1 diabetes progression.

Aims: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease caused by the destruction of insulin-producing pancreatic β-cells. While T cells are well-known critical, growing evidence shows that B cells also play a key role in T1D development. T cell immunoreceptor with immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), as an inhibitory immune checkpoint, is important in maintaining immune homeostasis and has become a therapeutic target for several autoimmune diseases.

Single-Cell Analysis Clarifies Pathological Heterogeneity in Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor and Identifies Biomarkers for Predicting Disease Recurrence.

Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (D-TGCT) and localized-type tenosynovial giant cell tumor (L-TGCT) share common genomic aberrations and histopathological features, but the former has a more aggressive nature and a higher recurrence rate, leading to worse prognoses for patients. In this study, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on human D-TGCT and L-TGCT lesions is conducted to discover transcriptional differences. A unique cluster of tumor cells in D-TGCT is identified that regulated differentiation of CD34 fibroblasts into MMP3 fibroblasts or APOE fibroblasts via COL6A3 - (ITGAV + ITGB8) interaction.

Primary and Orthotopic Murine Models of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Reveal Molecular Mechanisms Underlying its Malignant Progression.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a squamous cell carcinoma originating in the nasopharynx, is a leading malignancy in south China and other south and east Asia areas. It is frequently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, while there are also some NPC patients without EBV infection. Here, it is shown that the EBV+ (EBV positive) and EBV- (EBV negative) NPCs contain both shared and distinct genetic abnormalities, among the latter are increased mutations in TP53.

Association of RPS26 gene polymorphism with different types of diabetes in Chinese individuals.

Aims/introduction: Different types of diabetes show distinct genetic characteristics, but the specific genetic susceptibility factors remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the associations between the ribosomal protein S26 (RPS26) gene rs1131017 polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population, and their correlations with clinical features.

Materials And Methods: Genotyping of the rs1131017 variant was carried out for 1,006 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, 210 LADA patients, 642 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 2,099 control individuals.

A New Type of Endometrial Cancer Models in Mice Revealing the Functional Roles of Genetic Drivers and Exploring their Susceptibilities.

Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common female reproductive tract cancer and its incidence has been continuously increasing in recent years. The underlying mechanisms of EC tumorigenesis remain unclear, and efficient target therapies are lacking, for both of which feasible endometrial cancer animal models are essential but currently limited. Here, an organoid and genome editing-based strategy to generate primary, orthotopic, and driver-defined ECs in mice is reported.

[Research Progress and New Immunotherapy Strategies of Tumor Microenvironment Metabolism].

The tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment of tumorigenesis and tumor progression, incorporates multiple types of cells and non-cellular components. TME plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. Due to the abnormal proliferation of tumors, the TME has a unique chemophysiology environment and complex metabolic patterns, which subsequently affects the role of immune cells.

Distribution of autoantibodies to insulinoma-associated antigen-2 and zinc transporter 8 in type 1 diabetes and latent autoimmune diabetes: A nationwide, multicentre, cross-sectional study.

Aims: This study investigated insulinoma-associated-2 autoantibody (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 autoantibody (ZnT8A) distribution in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and latent autoimmune diabetes (LAD) and the autoantibodies' association with clinical characteristics and HLA-DR-DQ genes.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited 17,536 patients with diabetes from 46 hospitals across China. A total of 189 patients with T1D and 58 patients with LAD with IA-2A positivity, 126 patients with T1D and 86 patients with LAD with ZnT8A positivity, and 231 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) were selected to evaluate islet autoantibodies, clinical phenotypes, and HLA-DR-DQ gene frequency.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals TCR macrophages in HPV-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

The prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is often better than that of HPV cancer, which is possibly caused by the differences in their immune microenvironments. The contribution of macrophage, as a principal innate immune cell, to this phenomenon is still unclear. In this study, a single-cell atlas of 4,388 high-quality macrophages from 18 HPV and 8 HPV HNSCC patients was constructed with single-cell RNA sequencing data.

Acquired semi-squamatization during chemotherapy suggests differentiation as a therapeutic strategy for bladder cancer.

Cisplatin-based chemotherapy remains the primary treatment for unresectable and metastatic muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs). However, tumors frequently develop chemoresistance. Here, we established a primary and orthotopic MIBC mouse model with gene-edited organoids to recapitulate the full course of chemotherapy in patients.

GAD65 Antibody Epitopes and Genetic Background in Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Youth (LADY).

Epitope-specific GAD65Abs and gene assays help improve the value of risk stratification in autoimmune diabetes mellitus and protect islet function. Identification and early intervention are important for latent autoimmune diabetes in youth (LADY). The aims of this study were to investigate 1) the frequencies of the epitope-specific GAD65Abs and genes in LADY and 2) the association between genes and epitope-specific GAD65Abs.

Ultrasensitive Nanopore Sensing of Mucin 1 and Circulating Tumor Cells in Whole Blood of Breast Cancer Patients by Analyte-Triggered Triplex-DNA Release.

The characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) by liquid biopsy has a great potential for precision medicine in oncology. Here, a universal and tandem logic-based strategy is developed by combining multiple nanomaterials and nanopore sensing for the determination of mucin 1 protein (MUC1) and breast cancer CTCs in real samples. The strategy consists of analyte-triggered signal conversion, cascaded amplification via nanomaterials including copper sulfide nanoparticles (CuS NPs), silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), and biomaterials including DNA hydrogel and DNAzyme, and single-molecule-level detection by nanopore sensing.