Evaluating the Feasibility and Acceptability of a Mobile Mental Health Intervention for Adolescent Depression and Anxiety.

The adolescent mental health crisis is compounded by a shortage of mental health services, which mobile health apps may alleviate. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of the Wysa app (a commercially available app containing cognitive behavioral therapy-based digital modules and an artificial intelligence-based conversational agent) among 13- to 18-year-old adolescents recruited from a primary care clinic in New York City and online from March to June 2022. We assessed adolescent engagement in the Wysa app over a 3-week period.

Balancing mental health through predictive modeling for healthcare workers during public health crises.

During public health emergencies such as SARS, Ebola, and COVID-19, healthcare workers (HCWs) are often on the front lines, placing them at increased risk for adverse mental health outcomes, particularly depression and anxiety. Despite this risk, there remains a scarcity of research focused on developing predictive models to forecast the depression and anxiety levels of healthcare workers under challenging conditions. A total of 349 HCWs were selected from a Tertiary Grade-A hospital in the city of Shenyang, Liaoning Province in China.

A review of advances in the extraction, structural characterization, gel properties, and biological activity mechanisms of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides.

Dendrobium, a well-known medicinal and edible plant, has been extensively studied and proven to possess various bioactivities and significant market value. Therefore, it has garnered considerable attention in the fields of medicine, food, and cosmetics. Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides (DOPs), primarily composed of glucose, mannose, xylose, and galactose, are among the main active components of Dendrobium officinale and are widely used worldwide.

A digital citizen science intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV testing: a randomized clinical trial among adolescents and young adults in Kazakhstan.

Background Kazakhstan has a high HIV incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYA), and high HIV stigma contributing to low HIV testing uptake. We examined whether an AYA-developed digital crowdsourced intervention reduced HIV stigma compared with conventional public health materials among AYA in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Methods A total of 216 AYA (females:116/males:110) aged 16-24 years were recruited to the online study cohort and randomized 1:1 to the intervention or control arm.

SAPHO syndrome in the mandible: A 17-patient-based experience.

Unlabelled: SAPHO (Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis and Osteitis) syndrome is a rare inflammatory bone disorder with a remarkably low incidence. The condition's impact on the mandible is exceptionally uncommon, often resulting in a high rate of misdiagnosis and an extended duration of illness. The objective of this study was to assess patients with SAPHO syndrome in the mandible in across various stages and to dissect their distinctive features, aiming to provide future clinical experience for the disease.

A citizen science approach to develop a digital intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV self-testing among adolescents and young adults: a mixed methods analysis from Kazakhstan.

Introduction: Kazakhstan has one of the fastest-growing HIV epidemics in the world, with increasing rates among adolescents and young adults (AYA). Innovative strategies are needed to increase HIV testing uptake and decrease HIV stigma among AYA. Citizen science, defined as the active engagement of the general public in scientific research tasks, promotes and facilitates community engagement throughout the research process.

Non-equilibrium structural and dynamic behaviors of active polymers in complex and crowded environments.

Active matter systems, which convert internal chemical energy or energy from the environment into directed motion, are ubiquitous in nature and exhibit a range of emerging non-equilibrium behaviors. However, most of the current works on active matter have been devoted to particles, and the study of active polymers has only recently come into the spotlight due to their prevalence within living organisms. The intricate interplay between activity and conformational degrees of freedom gives rise to novel structural and dynamical behaviors of active polymers.

Web-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression Among Homebound Older Adults: Development and Usability Study.

Background: Homebound older adults are a high-risk group for depression. However, many of them face barriers to accessing evidence-supported mental health treatments. Digital mental health interventions can potentially improve treatment access, but few web-based interventions are explicitly tailored for depression in older adults.

Deconstructive and Divergent Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products.

Natural products play a key role in innovative drug discovery. To explore the potential application of natural products and their analogues in pharmacology, total synthesis is a key tool that provides natural product candidates and synthetic analogues for drug development and potential clinical trials. Deconstructive synthesis, namely building new, challenging structures through bond cleavage of easily accessible moieties, has emerged as a useful design principle in synthesizing bioactive natural products.

Implementation of a Dyad-Based Intervention to Improve Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence Among HIV-Positive People Who Inject Drugs in Kazakhstan: A Randomized Trial.

Purpose: HIV-positive people who inject drugs (PWID) in Kazakhstan face many challenges to antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence. Interventions that leverage social support from an intimate partner, family member, or friend may be effective in improving ART adherence among this population. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation process of a dyad-based intervention among HIV-positive PWID and their treatment support partners.

Tumor microenvironment-associated lactate metabolism regulates the prognosis and precise checkpoint immunotherapy outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Despite the wide clinical application of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy in lung adenocarcinoma, its limited benefit to patients remains puzzling to researchers. One of the mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance may be the dysregulation of lactate metabolism in the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), which can inhibit dendritic cell maturation and prevent T-cell invasion into tumors. However, the key genes related to lactate metabolism and their influence on the immunotherapeutic effects in lung adenocarcinoma have not yet been investigated in depth.

Emerging antiviral therapies and drugs for the treatment of influenza.

Introduction: Both vaccines and antiviral drugs represent the mainstay for preventing and treating influenza. However, approved M2 ion channel inhibitors, neuraminidase inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, and various vaccines cannot meet therapeutic needs because of viral resistance. Thus, the discovery of new targets for the virus or host and the development of more effective inhibitors are essential to protect humans from the influenza virus.

Childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life.

Objectives: This study examined the association between childhood adversity and cognitive impairment in later life and explored the potential moderation effect of gender and race.

Methods: The study sample included 15,133 participants of the Health and Retirement Study (1998-2016 surveys) who had complete data on key study measures and were more than 50. The outcome variable is a dichotomous indicator of cognitive impairment as assessed by the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status for self-respondents and the 16-item Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly for proxies.

Adapts to Degraded Soil Environments by Changing Metabolic Pathways and Root Exudate Components.

Phytoremediation is a promising remediation strategy for degraded soil restoration. Root exudates are the main carrier substances for information communication and energy transfer between plant roots and soil, which play non-negligible roles in the restoration process. This work investigated the adaptation of root exudates to different degraded levels of soil and the mechanism of rhizosphere restoration in a 3-year degraded soil field study.

Internet-Based Psychotherapy Intervention for Depression Among Older Adults Receiving Home Care: Qualitative Study of Participants' Experiences.

Background: Depression is common among homebound older adults. Internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is a promising but understudied approach for treating depression among older adults with disabilities.

Objective: This study aims to understand the experiences of homebound older adults who participated in a pilot feasibility trial of an iCBT for depression.

A long-wavelength fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift for lysosome-targeted imaging of Cys and GSH.

Biothiols including cysteine (Cys) and glutathione (GSH) are biological signaling molecules responsible for cell detoxification, cell metabolism and neutralization of reactive oxygen species. Here, we synthesized a long-wavelength fluorescent probe, DCIMA, for lysosome-targeted imaging of Cys and GSH in living cells. DCIMA is consisted of a dicyanoisophorone core modified with an acrylate group for biothiol detection through the Michael addition reaction and a morpholine group as the lysosome-targeting agent.

Integrated 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and LC-MS Analysis Revealed the Interplay Between Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Rats With Ischemic Stroke.

Gut microbiome and plasma metabolome serve a role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke (IS). However, the relationship between the microbiota and metabolites remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the specific asso-ciation between the microbiota and the metabolites in IS using integrated 16S rRNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis.

Erratum to: Recruitment of Hard-to-Reach Older Adults in Technology-Based Mental Health Services Studies: Lessons Learned.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1328.

Resveratrol induces PD-L1 expression through snail-driven activation of Wnt pathway in lung cancer cells.

Purpose: Recent clinical trials with agents targeting immune checkpoint pathway have emerged as an important therapeutic approach for a broad range of cancer types. Resveratrol has been shown to possess cancer preventive and therapeutic effects and has potential to be chemotherapeutic agent/adjuvant. Here, we assessed the effect of resveratrol on immune checkpoint pathways.

Dual Trajectories of Social Isolation and Dementia in Older Adults: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study.

To identify the interrelations between the trajectories of social isolation and dementia in older adults. Data came from the National Health and Aging Trends Study 2011-2018 surveys. Group-based dual trajectory modeling was used to examine trajectories and their interrelations.

Modern Senicide in the Face of a Pandemic: An Examination of Public Discourse and Sentiment About Older Adults and COVID-19 Using Machine Learning.

Objectives: This study examined public discourse and sentiment regarding older adults and COVID-19 on social media and assessed the extent of ageism in public discourse.

Methods: Twitter data (N = 82,893) related to both older adults and COVID-19 and dated from January 23 to May 20, 2020, were analyzed. We used a combination of data science methods (including supervised machine learning, topic modeling, and sentiment analysis), qualitative thematic analysis, and conventional statistics.

Research on the Effect of Molten Salt Ultrasonic Composite Cleaning for Paint Removal.

Aiming at paint removal on hydraulic cylinder, the effect of molten salt ultrasonic composite cleaning was studied. First, the mechanism of molten salt cleaning and ultrasonic cleaning was reviewed. To further describe the composite cleaning mechanism, the components and internal structure of paint were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared.

Bioactive Diterpenoids from the Leaves of Callicarpa macrophylla.

A phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Callicarpa macrophylla led to the isolation of five new diterpenoids (1-5), macrophypenes A-E, and nine known analogues (6-14). The structures of 1-5 were established on the basis of extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction data, and experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Compound 1 is a spiroditerpenoid with a novel skeleton, and compound 5 is a rare ent-abietane diterpenoid possessing a peroxide bridge.

Bioactive clerodane diterpenoids from the twigs of Casearia balansae.

Eight new clerodane diterpenes, balanspenes A-H (1-8), along with two known analogues (9 and 10), were isolated from the twigs of Casearia balansae. The structures of 1-8 were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1, 4, and 7 were confirmed by comparing their experimental CD spectra with those calculated by the time-dependent density functional theory method. Compounds 4-7, 9, and 10 were found to possess the property of being able to stimulate NGF-mediated neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells.