Pay-It-Forward 23-Valent Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination Among Older Adults: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine reduces the risk of pneumonia among adults by 38% to 46%. However, only a few older adults in resource-limited areas of China have received the pneumococcal vaccination. Pay-it-forward is a social innovation that offers participants free or subsidized health services and a community-engaged message, with an opportunity to donate to support subsequent recipients.

Sexual Health Behaviors and Outcomes Among Middle-Aged and Older Disabled Adults in Britain.

Background: Sexual health is crucial for well-being, yet research often overlooks middle-aged and older adults, as well as those with disabilities. This study explores the sexual health of disabled middle-aged and older adults in Britain.

Objective: We aim to explain sexual behaviors and outcomes among disabled adults aged 45-74 in Britain.

Increasing Rigor in Online Health Surveys Through the Reduction of Fraudulent Data.

Online surveys have become a key tool of modern health research, offering a fast, cost-effective, and convenient means of data collection. It enables researchers to access diverse populations, such as those underrepresented in traditional studies, and facilitates the collection of stigmatized or sensitive behaviors through greater anonymity. However, the ease of participation also introduces significant challenges, particularly around data integrity and rigor.

Implementation of Clinical Practice Guidelines to Prevent Cervical Cancer: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Cervical cancer is a common cause of death among women globally, particularly in Africa. Each year, an average of 7093 women in Nigeria die from cervical cancer. Clinical practice guidelines developed by the Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Nigeria (SOGON) aim to prevent cervical cancer.

Pay-it-forward and social network distribution to increase doxycycline post-exposure prophylaxis uptake among men who have sex with men and transgender women in China: study protocol for a three-arm randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP) can prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). STI rates are high among MSM and TGW in China, and implementation strategies are needed to optimise doxy-PEP services. Pay-it-forward and social network distribution approaches may increase uptake of STI services and could increase the uptake of doxy-PEP.

Effect of a pay-it-forward strategy on reducing HPV vaccine delay and increasing uptake among 15- to 18-year-old girls in China: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is challenging in many low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Pay-it-forward offers an individual a subsidized vaccine, then an opportunity to donate to help others access vaccinations. Our randomized control trial assessed the effectiveness of pay-it-forward in improving HPV vaccination among girls aged 15-18 years in China.

Digital strategies to promote crowdsourcing open calls for co-creating HIV interventions: a youth community-based participatory approach.

Introduction: The HIV epidemic disproportionately affects adolescents and young adults (AYA), yet their engagement in HIV programming remains limited. Digital strategies, such as social media campaigns, engage a diverse range of AYA to co-create HIV interventions, but their effectiveness is less known. This study examines the digital strategies employed to engage AYA (ages 14-24) in the participatory design of HIV research and interventions in Nigeria.

Increasing Birth-Dose Hepatitis B Vaccination in Nigeria: Qualitative Analysis of Data From a Crowdsourcing Open Call.

Background: Despite World Health Organization and Nigerian recommendations for hepatitis B birth-dose (HepB-BD) vaccination, only one-third of Nigerian newborns receive timely HepB-BD vaccination, This study identified facilitators to increasing HepB-BD vaccination based on data from a crowdsourcing open call in Nigeria.

Methods: Our team conducted an open call across Nigeria for teams to submit ideas on how to increase HepB-BD vaccination. Independent judges evaluated the submissions based on predefined criteria.

Participants and Recipients in Social Network Distribution of HIV Self-Testing Kits Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in China.

Background: Secondary distribution of HIV self-testing (HIVST) kits offers a promising strategy to expand testing among marginalized MSM. We compared characteristics of kit distributors (index participants) and recipients, and identified predictors of HIV testing and kit distribution.

Methods: We analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial among MSM in Zhuhai, China (2019-2020).

Community engagement and chronic viral hepatitis public health interventions: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and complementary crowdsourcing open call.

Background: Chronic viral hepatitis causes a high burden of morbidity and mortality, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). While community engagement, which involves stakeholders in addressing health-related issues, has shown promise to enhance hepatitis outcomes, evidence on its impact remains limited. To summarize the current state of knowledge on this topic we performed a systematic review and a crowdsourcing open call.

Music as an implementation strategy for evidence-based health interventions in Africa: a systematic review using the RE-AIM framework.

Background: While a growing body of scientific literature suggests that evidence-based interventions may improve health outcomes in diverse settings, little is known about the best strategies for large-scale implementation. In Africa, music-an important positive social determinant of health-leverages existing cultural values, which may effectively enhance the reach, uptake, and long-term sustainability of evidence-based interventions in the region. To understand how music interventions work, why they are effective, and with whom they resonate, this systematic review aims to evaluate the quality and empirical application of music as an implementation strategy for adopting evidence-based interventions in Africa using the RE-AIM framework as a guide.

Barriers and facilitators to accessing sexual health services among middle-aged and older adults in the UK, including those with disabilities: a qualitative analysis.

Background Middle-aged and older adults have unmet sexual health needs but often encounter challenges in accessing sexual health services (SHS). Individual, social, and environmental issues discourage middle-aged and older adults from accessing SHS. This study aimed to examine the barriers and facilitators experienced by middle-aged and older adults when accessing SHS in the UK.

Using photovoice to explore HIV self-testing and secondary distribution of HIV self-testing among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in China.

Background Human immunodeficiency virus self-testing (HIVST) has been globally recognized as a useful and reliable strategy to promote HIV testing, especially among marginalized populations. To improve the understanding of HIVST uptake of gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) in China, this study aims to qualitatively explore the HIVST uptake experiences among this population. Methods The study employed photovoice methodology, theoretically built on documentary photography and critical consciousness, to explore the experiences of HIVST and secondary distribution among GBMSM in China.

Crowdsourcing strategies to improve access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Australia, the Philippines, Thailand and China.

Background: Many Asian countries have yet to scale up HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Crowdsourcing has a group of individuals solving a specific problem before sharing solutions with the public. This approach enhances community engagement and ownership of the solutions and can be used to generate culturally relevant solutions.

For girls and women (4GW) HPV RCT protocol: a crowdsourced, pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial to improve uptake of HPV vaccination and screening among mother-daughter dyads in Nigeria.

Background: Expanding human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination for girls and HPV self-collection for women can reduce the global burden of cervical cancer. However, HPV vaccination and self-collection services are rarely implemented simultaneously in mother-daughter dyads, leaving a critical gap in cervical cancer prevention. From 2023 to 2024, a community-engaged model for combined HPV vaccination and screening was co-designed using crowdsourcing open calls and designathons with mother-daughter teams and pilot-tested by trained research facilitators.

Consensus on Adolescent and Young Adult HIV Research Consent in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Importance: Many adolescents and young adults (AYAs) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are excluded from HIV research because of challenges with informed consent for study participation, which makes it difficult to understand and improve the lives of AYAs living with HIV and AIDS in a wide variety of settings.

Objective: To help increase the inclusion of AYAs in HIV research, we developed a consensus statement on practical strategies for improving AYA consent in HIV research in LMICs.

Evidence Review: The VOICE (HIV Youth Informed Consent & Ethics in Research) Working Group included AYAs, researchers, community organizers, advocates, research ethics committee members, parents of AYAs, and bioethicists who drafted initial statement items using data from a global open call and scoping review.

Strategies to sustain HIV prevention interventions among adolescents and young adults: analysis of data from a crowdsourcing open call in Nigeria.

Background Crowdsourcing is a process whereby a large group, including experts and non-experts, collaborate to solve a problem and then share the solution with the public. Crowdsourcing can be used to identify strategies to sustain HIV services in low-and-middle-income countries. This study aims to identify innovative adolescent and young adult (AYA) solutions through a crowdsourcing open call to sustain HIV services.

The 4 youth by youth (4YBY) crowdsourced HIV prevention intervention: A stepped-wedge longitudinal trial on HIV self-testing uptake among adolescents and young people in Nigeria.

Unlabelled: Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) participatory approaches for HIV control have increased across LMICs, but there are few trials to evaluate effectiveness. We assessed a crowdsourced HIV self-testing (HIVST) intervention among a cohort of AYA in Nigeria.

Methods: We conducted a pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster randomized control trial recruiting participants (aged 14-24 years) from 32 local government areas across four geo-political zones in Nigeria.

#TheHealthYouthWant: a qualitative analysis of a global crowdsourcing open call for innovative ideas to promote adolescent health and well-being in countries with a high HIV burden.

Background Improving adolescent health and well-being is a key policy priority in countries with a high HIV burden, because adolescents have lower rates of treatment coverage, viral load suppression and survival compared with others. This study aimed to identify innovative ideas from young people (aged 10-30years) on how adolescent health and well-being can be improved in communities most affected by HIV. Methods We organized a global crowdsourcing open call for ideas from young people on how to improve adolescent HIV outcomes and well-being in countries with a high HIV burden.

Association between frailty and low sexual function among sexually active older adults living with HIV in China: a multi-centre cross-sectional study in China.

The expanding ageing population increases the importance of understanding frailty and related impacts on health. Our objectives were to examine the sexual function and its association with frailty among sexually active older adults aged 50+ living with HIV (OALHIV). A multi-centre cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2021 and July 2022.

A digital citizen science intervention to reduce HIV stigma and promote HIV testing: a randomized clinical trial among adolescents and young adults in Kazakhstan.

Background Kazakhstan has a high HIV incidence among adolescents and young adults (AYA), and high HIV stigma contributing to low HIV testing uptake. We examined whether an AYA-developed digital crowdsourced intervention reduced HIV stigma compared with conventional public health materials among AYA in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Methods A total of 216 AYA (females:116/males:110) aged 16-24 years were recruited to the online study cohort and randomized 1:1 to the intervention or control arm.