Application and prospect of organoids in tobacco product safety and risk evaluation.

In recent years, with the emergence of various types of tobacco products, the safety and risk assessment of tobacco product has become the focus of social attention. Organoids, as a new research model, can simulate the basic properties of tissues and perform normal biological functions experiments, with the advantages of low cost and high efficiency, it has been tentatively used in the safety evaluation of tobacco products. This review summarizes the concept and types of organoids and introduces the model structure and corresponding fundamentals of organoids in tobacco product safety and risk research.

The brain-white adipose tissue axis may play a crucial role in diabetes mellitus: a metabolic network analysis using total-body PET/CT imaging.

Purpose: This study aims to construct an individualized glucose metabolism network using total-body F-FDG PET imaging, which provides a comprehensive view of glucose metabolism across various organs, to explore the role of inter-organ interactions in Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Methods: In this study, we constructed covariance metabolic networks using static total-body PET images, normalized by lean body mass, from 36 patients with DM (DM group) and 36 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC group). Differences in network properties between the DM and HC groups were evaluated at both group and individual levels.

Core reinforcement strategy enhances the foliar stability and efficacy of electrostatic self-assembled microcapsules.

Background: At present, it is vital to develop a stable and efficient pesticide delivery system to optimize pesticide foliar utilization, which could improve control efficacy, enhance resistance to adverse climates, and prolong foliar retention. In this study, reaction monomers methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and polycaprolactone diol (PCL) were used to synthesize a polymer network structure for loading the organic phase of pesticides in a micron-reactor, then the shell was formed by sodium lignosulfonate (SL) and didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC) through electrostatic self-assembly, resulting in self-assembled microcapsules and efficient pesticide loading, and the stability and efficacy were discussed.

Results: Self-assembled microcapsules Pyr@MCs-C and Pyr@MCs-V with cores of different mechanical strength and morphological characteristics are realized by regulating the reaction ratio of MDI and PCL.

A High-Rate and Ultrastable Ammonium Ion-Air Battery Enabled by the Synergy of ORR and NH Storage.

Ammonium ion batteries (AIBs) offer cost-effectiveness, nontoxicity, and eco-friendly attributes in energy storage technology. However, the constrained capacity and poor stability of conventional cathode materials have impeded their widespread adoption. Herein, a synergistic approach is introduced to overcome these challenges, by enhancing the air cathode with NH and simultaneously leveraging atmospheric oxygen as a reservoir for NH storage.

Chemo-Selective Electrochemical Pinacol Coupling of Aldehydes and Ketones Using TMSN as a Promoter.

The pinacol coupling is a significant method for carbon-carbon bond formation. Here, we present an efficient electrochemical approach for pinacol coupling of aldehydes and ketones using TMSN as a sacrificial reagent. This method exhibits broad applicability to aryl, heteroaryl, and alkyl aldehydes/ketones with excellent chemo-selectivity and high yields (40 examples, up to 99% yield) under mild conditions.

A novel neutralizing antibody recognizing a conserved conformational epitope in PDCoV S1 protein and its therapeutic efficacy in piglets.

Unlabelled: Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an enteric pathogen that burdens the global pig industry and is a public health concern. The development of effective antiviral therapies is necessary for the prevention and control of PDCoV, yet to date, there are few studies on the therapeutic potential of PDCoV-neutralizing antibodies. Here, we investigate the therapeutic potential of a novel monoclonal antibody (mAb 4A6) which targets the PDCoV S1 protein and effectively neutralizes PDCoV, both pre- and post-attachment on cells, with IC50 values of 0.

Influence of diabetes mellitus on metabolic networks in lung cancer patients: an analysis using dynamic total-body PET/CT imaging.

Introduction: The intricate interplay between organs can give rise to a multitude of physiological conditions. Disruptions such as inflammation or tissue damage can precipitate the development of chronic diseases such as tumors or diabetes mellitus (DM). While both lung cancer and DM are the consequences of disruptions in homeostasis, the relationship between them is intricate.

Novel Genetic Loci Associated with PhenoAge Acceleration - Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, 2012-2019.

What Is Already Known About This Topic?: China is rapidly encountering population aging, yet studies on aging are limited by the traditional aging measure: chronological age, particularly in the field of genomics. Several promising aging measures have been proposed, but they lack comparative evaluation.

What Is Added By This Report?: PhenoAge was identified as a measure of aging that demonstrated greater applicability in contemporary populations.

Development and immunogenicity evaluation of attenuated Salmonella typhimurium delivering porcine Deltacoronavirus S1 gene.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is a swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in piglets, the development of novel vaccines is of great value in the prevention and control of PDCoV. Here, we selected attenuated Salmonella typhimurium SL7207 to deliver pVAX1-S1, resulting in the oral vaccine strain, SL7207 (pVAX1-S1). In immunized mice, SL7207 (pVAX1-S1) induced PDCoV-specific humoral IgG, IgA, neutralizing antibodies, mucosal sIgA, up-regulation of CD8 T cells, and increased levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2).

TMSN Initiated Electrochemical Mono-Dealkylation of Tertiary Amides.

-Dealkylation of amides is a general process in living organisms and organic synthetic chemistry, but an efficient chemical approach for this transformation has not been explored. Herein, we report an electrochemical method for the monodealkylation of a wide range of tertiary amides, including benzamides, alkyl amides, lactams, and sulfonamides. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild conditions using TMSN as the initiator and is not limited to deethylation or demethylation.

Accelerating quad Airy beams-based point response for interferenceless coded aperture correlation holography.

Interferenceless-coded aperture correlation holography (I-COACH) is a promising single-shot 3D imaging method in which a coded phase mask (CPM) is used to encode 3D information about an object into an intensity distribution. However, conventional CPM encoding methods usually lead to intensity dilution, especially in the recording of point spread holograms (PSHs), resulting in low-resolution reconstruction of I-COACH. Here, we propose accelerating quad Airy beams with four mainlobes as a point response to enable weak diffraction propagation and a sharp maximum intensity in the transverse direction.

Guild-level signature of gut microbiome for diabetic kidney disease.

Unlabelled: Current microbiome signatures for chronic diseases such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD) are mainly based on low-resolution taxa such as genus or phyla and are often inconsistent among studies. In microbial ecosystems, bacterial functions are strain specific, and taxonomically different bacteria tend to form co-abundance functional groups called guilds. Here, we identified guild-level signatures for DKD by performing in-depth metagenomic sequencing and conducting genome-centric and guild-based analysis on fecal samples from 116 DKD patients and 91 healthy subjects.

Alteration in gut microbiota is associated with immune imbalance in Graves' disease.

Background: Graves' disease (GD), characterized by immune aberration, is associated with gut dysbiosis. Despite the growing interest, substantial evidence detailing the precise impact of gut microbiota on GD's autoimmune processes remains exceedingly rare.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the influence of gut microbiota on immune dysregulation in GD.

Identification of potential SLA-I-specific T-cell epitopes within the structural proteins of porcine deltacoronavirus.

Porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) is an emerging swine enteropathogenic coronavirus that mainly threatens newborn piglets and poses a potential broad cross-species transmission risk. The antigenic epitopes of PDCoV are currently unidentified, and no information about T cell epitopes is available. Here, T-cell epitopes of PDCoV structural proteins were predicted using computational methods.

Gut microbiota modulate distal symmetric polyneuropathy in patients with diabetes.

The pathogenic mechanisms underlying distal symmetric polyneuropathy (DSPN), a common neuropathy in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), are not fully understood. Here, we discover that the gut microbiota from patients with DSPN can induce a phenotype exhibiting more severe peripheral neuropathy in db/db mice. In a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial (ChiCTR1800017257), compared to 10 patients who received placebo, DSPN was significantly alleviated in the 22 patients who received fecal microbiota transplants from healthy donors, independent of glycemic control.

Effects of comfort nursing on pain and quality of life in children undergoing tonsillectomy.

Objective: To observe the effect of comfort nursing on pain, quality of life, and nutritional status in children undergoing tonsillectomy.

Methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 114 children who underwent tonsillectomy in Chun'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were divided into a research group and a control group according to the nursing methods, with 57 cases in each group. The control group received routine nursing care, and the research group received additional comfort nursing.

Arthroscopic-assisted reduction plus internal fixation and traditional open reduction plus internal fixation for talus fractures: a comparative study.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of arthroscopic-assisted reduction and internal fixation (ARIF) and traditional open reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of talus fractures.

Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 92 patients with talus fractures admitted to our hospital. The patients were divided into a control group (treated with traditional open reduction and internal fixation) and a research group (with ARIF) with 46 cases in each.

Cardiovascular Benefits of Empagliflozin Are Associated With Gut Microbiota and Plasma Metabolites in Type 2 Diabetes.

Context: Cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been reported; however, the underlying mechanism remains unknown.

Objective: We hypothesized that the cardiovascular benefits of empagliflozin are associated with altered gut microbiota and plasma metabolites, and that empagliflozin may be used as an initial treatment for patients with T2DM at risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Methods: This randomized, open-label, 3-month, 2-arm clinical trial included 76 treatment-naïve patients with T2DM and risk factors for CVD who were treated with either empagliflozin (10 mg/d, n = 40) or metformin (1700 mg/d, n = 36).

Aberrant expression of inhibitory receptors on B cells in patients with Graves' disease.

The pathophysiological mechanism underlying Graves' disease (GD) remains incompletely understood. Inhibitory receptors on B cells are critical for humoral immunity, which plays a key role in GD pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate B cell subsets distribution and inhibitory receptor expression on these subsets in GD patients.

Characteristics of the Gut Microbiota and Metabolism in Patients With Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Case-Control Study.

Objective: Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with gut dysbiosis. However, the relationship between the gut microbiota and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA), sharing clinical and metabolic features with classic type 1 and type 2 diabetes, remains unclear. Here, we used a multiomics approach to identify the characteristics of the gut microbiota and metabolic profiles in patients with LADA.

[Effects of multifunctional plant rhizosphere promoting bacteria on maize growth in black soil areas in Northeast China].

The application of microbial fertilizer plays an important role in improving soil restoration and fertilizer utilization. The effects of microbial fertilizer are greatly affected by crop genotypes and ecological conditions. Little is known about the effects of microbial fertilizers on maize production in Northeast China.

Investigation on the micromorphology and thermophysical properties of NaNO heat storage materials modified by solution combustion.

Nitrate has a wide temperature range, wide operating temperature, low vapor pressure, low cost, strong heat transfer and stable chemical properties. It is widely used in solar thermal power generation heat storage material. In this paper, the alkali salt NaNO was modified by solution combustion method with citric acid as fuel.