A new antifungal compound from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes.

Novel antifungal compounds effective against phytopathogenic fungiwere identified by evaluating an n-butanol extract obtained from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces diastatochromogenes strain No.1628. The extract exhibited had strong antifungal activity against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Rhizoctonia solani, markedly reducing the spore germination rates of F.

Application of protein modeling and molecular simulation techniques in the field of food microbial contamination: principles, research status and future prospects.

Food safety problems caused by microbial contamination (biotoxins, foodborne pathogens and spoilage bacteria, etc.) have always been a hot issue in food research, which seriously threatens people's health. In order to deeply analyze the principle of microbial contamination and ensure food safety from the root, the research on microbial biomolecular interactions with the help of molecular simulation technology has attracted wide attention.

Supercharged DNA origami enhanced signal amplification for ultrasensitive detection of nucleic acid.

DNA origami has been able to controllably construct highly precise and complex two- or three-dimensional nanostructures of various morphologies. However, their application in the biosensing field is still relatively limited. In this paper, we proposed a portable electrochemical sensor for the detection of nucleic acid targets, using circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) as an example.

Silencing of NlELO10 Affects Lipid Metabolism in Brown Planthopper.

Fatty acid elongase (ELO) serves as the rate-limiting condensing enzyme in the initial step of the fatty acid elongation process. Among the ELO family members in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), NlELO10 is essential for the development and physiology of N. lugens.

CRISPR/Cas Technology in Insect Insecticide Resistance.

Chemicals and biological insecticides play a crucial role as pest management strategies in modern agriculture and forestry. However, their excessive and unreasonable use inevitably leads to varying degrees of resistance among insect populations, which seriously affects the sustainability of insecticide use. One primary reason for this resistance is alterations or mutations in insect gene expression.

Reverse engineering high-level resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin in Plutella xylostella reveals a hormonal regulatory feedback pathway.

Decoding the molecular mechanisms of insect resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins is crucial for the sustainable utilization of Bt-based bioinsecticides and transgenic crops. Our previous studies showed that a hormone-responsive transcription factor FOXO binds to an inserted short interspersed nuclear element (SINE, named SE2), causing MAP4K4 overexpression and resistance to Bt Cry1Ac toxin in Plutella xylostella. Furthermore, titers of two upstream signaling hormones (20-hydroxyecdysone and juvenile hormone) were also found to be elevated in the resistant strain, but it was unclear whether this was due to natural variation or a feedback pathway.

The role of GPI-anchored membrane-bound alkaline phosphatase in the mode of action of Bt Cry1A toxins in the diamondback moth.

The insecticidal Cry proteins produced by the bacterium (Bt) are extensively used for pest control in formulated sprays and in genetically modified crops, but resistance to Bt toxins threatens their sustainable use in agriculture. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in Bt pathogenesis is crucial for the development of effective resistance management strategies. Previously, we showed a strong correlation between Cry1Ac resistance in (L.

Bi-model detection of sulfonamide antibiotics using a microfluidic chip-lateral flow immunoassay based on liposome-modified PCN-222.

Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is an affordable and rapid technique for detecting veterinary drugs such as sulfonamides (SAs). However, balancing accuracy, sensitivity, and convenience remains a challenge. To address this, a microfluidic chip-based LFIA utilizing a zirconium-based organic framework, PCN-222@liposome, was developed to simultaneously detect four Sas: sulfamethizole, sulfamethoxazole, sulfamethoxydiazine, and sulfathiazole, with both colorimetric and fluorescent dual-signal detection.

Effects of tebuconazole on insecticidal activity and symbionts in brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Harnessing symbionts as targets for pest management is an emerging and promising strategy that can contribute to sustainable agriculture and environmental protection. Brown planthopper (BPH), a major rice pest, significantly threatens crop yields and quality. In this study, we discovered that BPHs exhibited a significant increase in mortality after consuming the fungicide tebuconazole, indicating its direct toxic effect.

Absolute quantification of Neuron-specific enolase based on surface plasmon resonance.

Neuron-specific enolase (NSE) is currently the most reliable biomarker for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which is important for disease monitoring, clinical evaluation and diagnosis. However, traditional methods suffer from various disadvantages, including instability, complexity, time-consuming operations, and the necessity for standards. In this study, we developed a calibration-free concentration analysis (CFCA) method based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology, to accurately quantify the active concentration of NSE without relying on any standards.

Two critical detoxification enzyme genes, NlCYP301B1 and NlGSTm2 confer pymetrozine resistance in the brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål.

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens Stål, is a notorious pest that infests rice across Asia. The rapid evolution of chemical pesticide resistance in BPH poses an ongoing threat to agriculture and human health. Currently, pymetrozine has emerged as a viable alternative to imidacloprid for managing N.

Tetrahedral DNA nanostructures-assisted electrochemical assay for detecting circulating tumor DNA by combining a masking tactic with 3D-hybridization chain reactions.

Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a remarkable noninvasive tumor marker that plays a crucial role in tumor diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. However, detecting low-abundance ctDNA from a substantial amount of nucleic acids originating from healthy cells is challenging. Herein, we proposed a tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (TDNs)-assisted electrochemical biosensor for ctDNA detection.

A clenbuterol detection method based on magnetic separation up-conversion fluorescent probe.

In this study, a fluorescence detection method combining aptamer-modified up-conversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed for detection of Clenbuterol (CLB). The aptamer-modified magnetic NPs captured CLB, which reacted with the aptamer-modified UCNPs and generated a sandwich complex. The aptamer-modified UCNPs acted as a fluorescence source.

Effects of imidacloprid combined with validamycin on the population fitness and symbiotic of Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Using a high-efficiency insecticide in combination with fungicides that have different mechanisms of action is a conventional method in the current management of brown planthopper (BPH) resistance. In this study, we investigate the separate and combined effects of the low-toxicity fungicide validamycin and the non-cross-resistant insecticide imidacloprid on the fitness and symbiosis of BPH. These research results indicate that when the proportion of active ingredients in validamycin is combined with imidacloprid at a ratio of 1:30, the toxicity ratio and co-toxicity coefficient are 1.

Study on the gut symbiotic microbiota in long- and short-winged brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål).

The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål), is one of the most important rice pests in Asia rice regions. BPH has monophagy, migration, rapid reproduction and strong environmental adaptability, and its control is a major problem in pest management. Adult BPH exhibit wing dimorphism, and the symbiotic microbiota enriched in the gut can provide energy for wing flight muscles as a source of nutrition.

CdgB Regulates Morphological Differentiation and Toyocamycin Production in 1628.

Bis (3',5')-cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that controls several metabolic pathways in bacteria. In , c-di-GMP is associated with morphological differentiation, which is related to secondary metabolite production. In this study, we identified and characterized a diguanylate cyclase (DGC), CdgB, from 1628, which may be involved in c-di-GMP synthesis, through genetic and biochemical analyses.

Carboxymethyl chitosan-modified UiO-66 for the rapid detection of fenpropathrin in grains.

Fenpropathrin residues in grain are potentially harmful to humans. Therefore, a fluorimetric lateral flow immunoassay using a zirconium-based organic skeleton (UiO-66) as a signal marker was developed for detecting fenpropathrin. Herein, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was used to modify UiO-66 and improve its water solubility to facilitate stable binding with sodium fluorescein (NaFL).

Comparative analysis of the diversity of symbionts in fat body of long- and short-winged brown planthoppers.

The microbial community structure plays an important role in the internal environment of brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), which is an indispensable part to reflect the internal environment of BPH. Wing dimorphism is a strategy for balancing flight and reproduction of insects. Here, quantitative fluorescence PCR was used to analyse the number and changes of the symbionts in the fat body of long- and short-winged BPHs at different developmental stages.

The application and development of electron microscopy for three-dimensional reconstruction in life science: a review.

Imaging technologies have played a pivotal role in advancing biological research by enabling visualization of biological structures and processes. While traditional electron microscopy (EM) produces two-dimensional images, emerging techniques now allow high-resolution three-dimensional (3D) characterization of specimens in situ, meeting growing needs in molecular and cellular biology. Combining transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with serial sectioning inaugurated 3D imaging, attracting biologists seeking to explore cell ultrastructure and driving advancement of 3D EM reconstruction.

Effects of Secondary Metabolites of Rice on Brown Planthopper and Its Symbionts.

The brown planthopper (Stål) (BPH) is a main rice pest in China and many other Asian countries. In the control of BPH, the application of insect-resistant rice has proven to be quite effective. Secondary metabolites are essential weapons in plants' defense against phytophagous insects.

Detection of Based on Magnetic and Upconversion Nanoparticles Combined with Aptamers.

is a halophilic and heat-labile gram-negative bacterium and is the most prevalent foodborne bacterium in seafood. In order to develop a rapid and sensitive method for detecting the foodborne pathogenic bacterium , an aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticle and an aptamer-modified upconversion nanoparticle were synthesised and used as a capture probe and a signal probe, respectively. The aptamer-modified magnetic nanoparticle, cell, and aptamer-modified upconversion nanoparticle formed a sandwich-like complex, which was rapidly separated from a complex matrix using a magnetic force, and the bacterial concentration was determined by fluorescence intensity analysis.

Dosage-sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple small-molecule pollutants in environmental water and agriproducts using portable SERS-based lateral flow immunosensor.

The co-contamination of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in agricultural products is a global concern, with the potential for cumulative and synergistic damaging effects, imposing substantial health and economic burdens to the public. The dosage-sensitive and simultaneous detection of multiple pollutants, with a heightened sensitivity in real samples, poses a significant demand and challenge. Herein, we propose a portable detection method integrating surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-with lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA), offering high sensitivity and multiplex analysis capabilities.

Recent Advances in Non-Targeted Screening of Compounds in Plastic-Based/Paper-Based Food Contact Materials.

Ensuring the safety of food contact materials has become a pressing concern in recent times. However, detecting hazardous compounds in such materials can be a complex task, and traditional screening methods may not be sufficient. Non-targeted screening technologies can provide comprehensive information on all detectable compounds, thereby supporting the identification, detection, and risk assessment of food contact materials.