Assessment of significant hepatic damage in young patients with chronic hepatitis B to initiate the antiviral treatment: The APLB score.

Whether patients aged ≤30 years with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and normal alanine transaminase (ALT) levels (<40 U/L) should receive antiviral therapy is controversial. In this study, we aimed to identify high-risk factors of significant hepatic damage (SHD) and established a scoring system to guide the decision to administer antiviral treatment. Eligible patients who underwent a liver biopsy were retrospectively screened and randomly assigned to either a training or validation set.

Efficacy and safety of switching from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide in chronic hepatitis B patients with low-level viremia: a real-world 48-week extension study.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving entecavir (ETV) treatment might develop low-level viremia (LLV), which is proven to be associated with worse clinical outcomes, such as risk of drug-related mutations, progression to cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. This real-world prospective study evaluated the efficacy and safety of switching from ETV to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate (TAF) in CHB patients with LLV. From August 2020 to August 2023, 351 ETV-experienced CHB patients with LLV were enrolled from eight hospitals.

The mechanism of quercetin in treating intracerebral hemorrhage was investigated by network pharmacology and molecular docking.

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of quercetin in the treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage.

Methods: Quercetin target genes and intracerebral hemorrhage target genes were collected from 5 databases. After standardized conversion of the obtained target genes through uniprot database, cross genes of the 2 were obtained using Venny 2.

Four new guaiane sesquiterpenes from Agarwood of Aquilaria sinensis and their biological activity toward renal fibrosis.

Four undescribed guaiane sesquiterpenes, aquisinenoids I-L (2-5) and five known compounds were isolated from the resins of Aquilaria sinensis. Their structures were deduced based on spectroscopic data analysis, X-ray crystallography and ECD calculations. Biologically, compounds 1, 5, 6 and 9 showed anti-renal fibrosis activity, significantly reducing the levels of fibronectin, collagen I, and α-SMA.

Scopoletin: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity.

Scopoletin is a coumarin synthesized by diverse medicinal and edible plants, which plays a vital role as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent in the treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review, an overview of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and toxicity of scopoletin is provided. In addition, the prospects and outlook for future studies are appraised.

Enhancement of tolerance against flonicamid in Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) through overexpression of CYP6A14.

Solenopsis invicta is a main issue in southern China and is causing significant damage to the local ecological environment. The extensive use of insecticides has resulted in the development of tolerance in S. invicta.

Five new sesquiterpenoids from agarwood of .

Five new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoids (aquisinenoids F-J (-)) and five known compounds (-) were isolated from the agarwood of . Their structures, including absolute configurations, were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses and computational methods. Inspired by our previous study on the same kinds of skeletons, we speculated that the new compounds have anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities.

Regular Aerobic Exercise Attenuates Pain and Anxiety in Mice by Restoring Serotonin-Modulated Synaptic Plasticity in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex.

Purpose: Clinical studies found that regular aerobic exercise has analgesic and antianxiety effects; however, the underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. Multiple studies have suggested that regular aerobic exercise may exert brain-protective effects by promoting the release of serotonin, which may be a pain modulator. Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a key brain area for pain information processing, receiving dense serotonergic innervation.

Musculoskeletal Pain during the Menopausal Transition: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Musculoskeletal pain (MSP) is one of the most severe complaints in women undergoing menopause. The prevalence of MSP varied when taking the menopausal state and age factor into consideration. This study investigated the prevalence of MSP in perimenopausal women and its association with menopausal state.

Cytotoxic diterpenoids from Jatropha curcas cv. nigroviensrugosus CY Yang Roots.

An investigation of phytochemicals from the roots of Jatropha curcas cv. nigroviensrugosus resulted in the isolation of twenty diterpenoids, including lathyranlactone, an unusual diterpenoid lactone possessing a 5/13/3 tricyclic skeleton, jatrocurcasenones A-E and jatrophodiones B-E, as well as 10 known analogues. All isolates were evaluated for cytotoxicity against the HL-60, SMMC-772, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480 human tumor cell lines using the MTS viability assay.

Lanostane triterpenoids from Ganoderma hainanense J. D. Zhao.

Chemical investigation of the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma hainanense resulted in isolation of fourteen lanostane triterpenoids, including nine ganoderma acids and five ganoderma alcohols, together with five known compounds. Structural elucidation was determined using extensive spectroscopic technologies, Mosher's method and X-ray single crystal diffraction. Three of the compounds showed inhibitory activities against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549 and MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 15.

Unusual prenylated phenols with antioxidant activities from Ganoderma cochlear.

Seven new prenylated phenols, five novel phenols (1-5) with polycyclic skeleton and two new phenols (6 and 7) with a carbon chain, along with one known compound (8) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma cochlear. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by the spectroscopic technologies, X-ray crystallography analysis and chiral HPLC chromatography. All compounds showed antioxidant effect in radical scavenging assays and a plausible biosynthetic pathway for 1-8 was proposed.

One-step semisynthesis method of spirocurcasone and pyracurcasone from curcusones A and B.

High contents of curcusones A and B and trace amounts of spirocurcasone exist in the roots of Jatropha curcas. Here, a one-step semisynthesis method of spirocurcasone and pyracurcasone was built, not only resulted an increased yield of spirocurcasone but also produced pyracurcasone, which exhibited greater cytotoxicity compared to curcusones A and B. The plausible mechanism of the formation of pyracurcasone was proposed, and the proposed biogenetic origin for spirocurcasone by Taglialatela-Scafati was confirmed.

Hepatoprotective effects of triterpenoids from Ganoderma cochlear.

Two novel trinorlanostanes, cochlates A and B (1 and 2), with a 3,4-seco-9,10-seco-9,19-cyclo skeleton, as well as six new triterpenoids, fornicatins D-F (3-5) and ganodercochlearins A-C (6-8), together with five known triterpenoids (9-13), were obtained from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma cochlear. The structural elucidation was achieved by interpretation of spectroscopic data, and compounds 2 and 7a were further characterized by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Fornicatins A, D, and F (10, 3, and 5) and fredelin (13) lowered the ALT and AST levels in HepG2 cells treated with H2O2, suggesting that they could display in vivo hepatoprotective activities.

Cytotoxicity of naturally occurring rhamnofolane diterpenes from Jatropha curcas.

Twelve rhamnofolane diterpenoids, including curcusecons A-E with unusual seco-rhamnofolane skeletons, curcusones F-J, 4-epi-curcusone E, and 3-dehydroxy-2-epi-caniojane, together with seven known analogues, curcusones A-E, jatrogrossidione, and 2-epi-jatrogrossidione, were isolated from the roots of Jatropha curcas. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods, and the relative stereochemistry of curcusecon B was further confirmed by X-ray crystallographic data. Their cytotoxity against five human cancer cells was studied and the results indicated that the dienone system in ring B was essential for cytotoxicity of these compounds.

Norfriedelins A-C with acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity from acerola tree (Malpighia emarginata).

Three novel norfriedelanes, A-C (1-3), were isolated from the branches and roots of Malpighia emarginata . Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by 1D and 2D NMR techniques and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Norfriedelin A (possessing an α-oxo-β-lactone group) and norfriedelin B (with a keto-lactone group) showed acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 10.

[Expression of recombinant VP2 gene in insect sf9 cells and screening of clinical specimens].

Objective: To clone and express VP, gene from HBoV, and the expressed VP, protein was as the antigen in order to detect serum from children in Wenling area with lower respiratory tract infections.

Methods: The VP, gene was recombined with the genome of Baculovirus, which infected the insect cell. The fusion protein with HA tag was applied to confirm the specificity of expressed protein.

[Characterization of the cytopathic effect in human bronchial epithelial cell after Human Bocavirus Infection (HBoV)].

Objective: In this study, human bronchial epithelial cells were inoculated with positive sputum specimens of HBoV. After four days' infection, cytopathic effects (CPE) were observed by inverted microscopy. These viruses all cause typical cell damages such as rounded and shrivelled, fusion and fallout.

[Discovery and identification of WU polyomavirus in children from Zhejing region].

WU polyomavirus, which was firstly discovered in 2007, is a new human polyomavirus belonging to Polyomaviridae and containing circular double-stranded genomic DNA. In this study, the 278 clinical sputum specimens from children under 5 years old were collected from Wenzhou Medical College affiliated Wenling First Hospital, Zhejiang Province. Based on identification assay of WU polyomavirus previously reported, a WU polyomavirus was identified from clinical samples successfully, the positive rate was 0.

[Sequence analysis of the complete genome of bocavirus WLL-1].

Human bocavirus, which was firstly discovered in 2005, is a new human parvovirus associated with lower respiratory tract infection in children. In this study, a human bocavirus, named WLL-1 isolate, was identified in Wenlin County, Zhejiang Province. The genome of bocavirus WLL-1 has been sequenced and analyzed.