Fed-batch fermentation of Phaffia rhodozyma D3 for enhanced astaxanthin production and nutritional components analysis.

Background: Astaxanthin is a high-value ketocarotenoid with excellent antioxidant properties, anti-tumor and immune-enhancing properties, which has a broad development prospect in the food, feed, medical and nutraceutical industries. Currently, Phaffia rhodozyma is a promising source for natural astaxanthin. The study adopted a fed-batch fermentation strategy to improve the astaxanthin production and determine the nutrient composition of the P.

Network Pharmacology, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, and Biological Validation Insights into the Potential of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus for Diabetic Nephropathy.

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) represents a severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. As a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with extensive clinical applications, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) exhibits significant anti-DN activity. However, the underlying pharmacological mechanisms, crucial components, and targets for LLF in DN treatment remain unclear.

The Efficacy of Combined Use of Huaier Granules in the Treatment of Primary Liver Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Existing clinical data suggest that Huaier granules effectively improve the condition of PLC patients. However, their specific efficacy and safety in PLC patients remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Huaier granules as an adjunctive therapy for PLC patients.

Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel 2 contributes to multi-modal endoplasmic reticulum and perinuclear space dilations that can also be observed in prion-infected mice.

Our recent work on the prion protein and Na, K-ATPases (NKAs) led us to revisit data from over 50 years ago, which suggested similarities between vacuolation phenotypes in rodents poisoned with cardiac glycosides (CGs) and spongiform degeneration in prion disease. At that time, this hypothesis was dismissed because the vacuolation observed in prion diseases affects neurons, whereas CG poisoning in rodent brains led to swellings of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in astrocytes. We speculated that this difference might be specific to rodents and document here that the vacuolation shifts to neurons in mice expressing a humanized NKA α1 subunit.

Machine learning algorithms to predict stroke in China based on causal inference of time series analysis.

Importance: Identifying and managing high-risk populations for stroke in a targeted manner is a key area of preventive healthcare.

Objective: To assess machine learning (ML) models and causal inference of time series analysis for predicting stroke clinically meaningful model.

Design: This is a retrospective cohort study and data is from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) assessed 11,789 adults in China from 2011 to 2018.

Ginseng glucosyl oleanolate inhibited A549 cell proliferation by inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest and ROS-mediated apoptosis in vivo/vitro.

Ginsenoside has been developed into numerous functional foods or dietary supplements that are highly beneficial for human health. This study investigated the anti non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mechanism of ginseng glucosyl oleanolate (GGO), a metabolite of ginsenoside Ro. In A549 cells, GGO significantly inhibited cell proliferation and migration.

QI-pathological constitution is associated with mental fatigue in class among university students: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Mental fatigue in class is a common phenomenon among university students in China. However, there is limited research exploring the impact of QI-pathological constitution on mental fatigue in university students.

Methods: We employed a convenience sampling method to survey 588 students aged 17 to 24 from a western university in China in May 2024.

Anti-MRSA and cytotoxic activity of a new diamide compound isolated from sp. H30.

A new aromatic diamide compound, aspergillusin A (), together with three known compounds, globosterol (), ergosterol (), and cladosporide A (), was isolated from the crude extract of the endophytic fungi sp. H30. The structures were elucidated using NMR and MS data, finally, the biosynthetic pathway of compound was hypothesised.

Advances in nanoplatform-based multimodal combination therapy activating STING pathway for enhanced anti-tumor immunotherapy.

Activation of the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) has great potential to promote antitumor immunity. As a major effector of the cell to sense and respond to the aberrant presence of cytoplasmic double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), inducing the expression and secretion of type I interferons (IFN) and STING, cGAS-STING signaling pathway establishes an effective natural immune response, which is one of the fundamental mechanisms of host defense in organisms. In addition to the release of heterologous DNA due to pathogen invasion and replication, mitochondrial damage and massive cell death can also cause abnormal leakage of the body's own dsDNA, which is then recognized by the DNA receptor cGAS and activates the cGAS-STING signaling pathway.

A unified model for the origins of spongiform degeneration and other neuropathological features in prion diseases.

Decades after their initial observation in prion-infected brain tissues, the identities of virus-like dense particles, varicose tubules, and oval bodies containing parallel bands and fibrils have remained elusive. Our recent work revealed that a phenotype of dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), most notable for the perinuclear space (PNS), contributes to spongiform degeneration. To assess the significance of this phenotype for the etiology of prion diseases, we explored whether it can be functionally linked to other neuropathological hallmarks observed in these diseases, as this would indicate it to be a central event.

Regulation of whey protein emulsion gel's structure with pullulan to enhance astaxanthin bioaccessibility.

In this study, the potential of using an emulsion gel based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pullulan (PUL) to encapsulate and deliver astaxanthin (AST) was investigated. PUL concentration was observed to affect the microstructure of WPC/PUL/AST emulsion gels, and the performance of emulsion gels was evaluated by encapsulation efficiency, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, storage stability, hardness, and water holding capacity tests. The WPC/PUL/AST emulsion gels had the highest encapsulation efficiency, gastrointestinal digestion retention, and bioaccessibility of (91.

Iron in ventricular remodeling and aneurysms post-myocardial infarction.

Background: Post-myocardial infarction (MI) complications, including ventricular remodeling (VR) and left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) formation, significantly affect patient prognosis and quality of life. Both iron overload and deficiency play critical roles in these pathological processes.

Objectives: This review aims to explore the mechanisms linking abnormal iron metabolism with post-MI VR and LVA formation and to highlight therapeutic strategies that regulate iron levels to mitigate adverse cardiac remodeling.

Qi stagnation and qi deficiency are associated with depression in college students.

Objective: The current study aims to investigate the correlations between qi stagnation, qi deficiency, and depression levels among college students.

Method: This study investigated 403 college students and measured their levels of depression, qi stagnation, and qi deficiency to analyze the relationship between these three variables. Pearson correlation and linear regression statistical techniques were utilized.

Dual-Locked Enzyme-Activatable Bioorthogonal Fluorescence Turn-On Imaging of Senescent Cancer Cells.

Bioorthogonal pretargeting optical imaging shows the potential for enhanced diagnosis and prognosis. However, the bioorthogonal handles, known for being "always reactive", may engage in reactions at unintended sites with their counterparts, resulting in nonspecific fluorescence activation and diminishing detection specificity. Meanwhile, despite the importance of detecting senescent cancer cells in cancer therapy, current methods mainly rely on common single senescence-associated biomarkers, which lack specificity for differentiating between various types of senescent cells.

Mental fatigue mediates the relationship between qi deficiency and academic performance among fifth-grade students aged 10-13 years.

Background: Health has effects on children's academic performance. Qi deficiency is generally used to assess an individual's health in the Chinese traditional medicine theory. This study explores the effects of qi deficiency on children's academic performance and examines whether mental fatigue mediates these effects.

The influence of early diet quality on the mental health of college students: the mediation effects of height and -deficiency.

Background: In China, the prevalence of mental health issues among college students is a significant concern in society. This study aims to investigate the impact of early dietary quality on the psychological well-being of college students and elucidate the underlying mechanisms through which these effects occur, specifically focusing on height and -deficiency as mediators according to Chinese traditional medicine (CTM).

Methods: A total of 655 college students were surveyed in October 2023 using paper-pencil-based questionnaires at four second-tier universities in Sichuan Province.

Physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility of ginseng starches under citric acid-autoclaving treatment.

In this study, the effects of citric acid-autoclaving (CA-A) treatment on physicochemical and digestive properties of the native ginseng starches were investigated. The results showed that ginseng starch exhibited a B-type crystal structure with a low onset pasting temperature of 44.23 ± 0.

Ginseng Glucosyl Oleanolate from Ginsenoside Ro, Exhibited Anti-Liver Cancer Activities via MAPKs and Gut Microbiota In Vitro/Vivo.

Ginseng is widely recognized for its diverse health benefits and serves as a functional food ingredient with global popularity. Ginsenosides with a broad range of pharmacological effects are the most crucial active ingredients in ginseng. This study aimed to derive ginseng glucosyl oleanolate (GGO) from ginsenoside Ro through enzymatic conversion and evaluate its impact on liver cancer in vitro and in vivo.

A gene cluster encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like enzyme catalyzes γ-aromatic butenolides.

Sea cucumber-derived fungi have attracted much attention due to their capacity to produce an incredible variety of secondary metabolites. Genome-wide information on H39 obtained using third-generation sequencing technology (PacBio-SMRT) showed that the strain contains nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like gene clusters, which aroused our interest in mining its secondary metabolites. 11 known compounds (-), including two -aromatic butenolides (-AB) and five cytochalasans, were isolated from H39.

The Synergistic Effect between Metal and Sulfur Vacancy to Boost CO Reduction Efficiency: A Study on Descriptor Transferability and Activity Prediction.

Both metal center active sites and vacancies can influence the catalytic activity of a catalyst. A quantitative model to describe the synergistic effect between the metal centers and vacancies is highly desired. Herein, we proposed a machine learning model to evaluate the synergistic index, , which is learned from the possible pathways for CH production from CO reduction reaction (CORR) on 26 metal-anchored MoS with and without sulfur vacancy.

Polyfluorene Conjugated Polyelectrolytes-Covalently Modified Black Phosphorus Nanosheets for Bioinspired Electronics.

As some of the most promising candidates for constituting bioinspired electronics, polymer memristors with analog-type switching behavior exhibit great potential for synaptic mimicking and neuromorphic computing systems. By using highly soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte poly[9,9-bis(6-(3-methyl-1-imidazolium-yl)hexyl)fluorene]-covalently modified black phosphorus (BP) nanomaterial (BP-PF-NMIBr) as the active layer, an electronic device with the BP-PF-NMIBr film sandwiched between the aluminum and indium tin oxide electrodes is successfully fabricated. This device exhibits an excellent amount of electricity-dependent memristive performance at a small sweep voltage range of ±1 V.

A Novel Conductive Polypyrrole-Chitosan Hydrogel Containing Human Endometrial Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Facilitated Sustained Release for Cardiac Repair.

Myocardial infarction (MI) results in cardiomyocyte necrosis and conductive system damage, leading to sudden cardiac death and heart failure. Studies have shown that conductive biomaterials can restore cardiac conduction, but cannot facilitate tissue regeneration. This study aims to add regenerative capabilities to the conductive biomaterial by incorporating human endometrial mesenchymal stem cell (hEMSC)-derived exosomes (hEMSC-Exo) into poly-pyrrole-chitosan (PPY-CHI), to yield an injectable hydrogel that can effectively treat MI.

An Alternative to Cytology in Triaging Cisgender Men and Transgender Women With HIV for High-Resolution Anoscopy.

Objectives: To evaluate high-risk human papillomavirus testing (hrHPV) as an alternative for anal cytology in screening for high-grade anal neoplasia (AIN2-3) among males with HIV. To identify predictive risk factors for AIN2-3 and develop a clinical tool to triage males with HIV for high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) without cytology.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of 199 adult cisgender men and transgender women with HIV referred to an anal neoplasia clinic in the Southeastern United States between January 2018 and March 2021.

Immuno-Enhancing Effect of Ginsenoside Rh2 Liposomes on Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine.

The adjuvant is essential for vaccines because it can enhance or directly induce a strong immune response associated with vaccine antigens. Ginsenoside Rh2 (Rh2) had immunomodulatory effects but was limited by poor solubility and hemolysis. In this study, Rh2 liposomes (Rh2-L) were prepared by ethanol injection methods.