Fed-batch fermentation of Phaffia rhodozyma D3 for enhanced astaxanthin production and nutritional components analysis.

Background: Astaxanthin is a high-value ketocarotenoid with excellent antioxidant properties, anti-tumor and immune-enhancing properties, which has a broad development prospect in the food, feed, medical and nutraceutical industries. Currently, Phaffia rhodozyma is a promising source for natural astaxanthin. The study adopted a fed-batch fermentation strategy to improve the astaxanthin production and determine the nutrient composition of the P.

Phenolic constituents in pepper ( L.) berries: UPLC-MS/MS analysis, antioxidant properties, antibacterial activity against and association analyzed by WCGNA.

This study systematically investigated the maturation-dependent variations in phenolic composition and bioactivity of pepper ( L.) berries harvested at 210, 240, and 270 days after anthesis. Middle-maturity berries exhibited optimal accumulation of bioactive constituents, with total phenolic and flavonoid contents reaching 10.

Robust soybean seed yield estimation using high-throughput ground robot videos.

We present a novel method for soybean [ (L.) Merr.] yield estimation leveraging high-throughput seed counting via computer vision and deep learning techniques.

Imaging molecular structures and interactions by enhanced confinement effect in electron microscopy.

Atomic imaging of molecules and intermolecular interactions are of great significance for a deeper understanding of the basic physics and chemistry in various applications, but it is still challenging in electron microscopy due to their thermal mobility and beam sensitivity. Confinement effect and low-dose imaging method may efficiently help us achieve stable high-resolution resolving of molecules and their interactions. Here, we propose a general strategy to image the confined molecules and evaluate the strengths of host-guest interactions in three material systems by low-dose electron microscopy.

Unveiling circulating targets in pancreatic cancer: Insights from proteogenomic evidence and clinical cohorts.

Pancreatic cancer (PC), characterized by the absence of effective biomarkers and therapies, remains highly fatal. Data regarding the correlations between PC risk and individual plasma proteome known for minimally invasive biomarkers are scarce. Here, we analyzed 1,345 human plasma proteins using proteome-wide association studies, identifying 78 proteins significantly associated with PC risk.

Epidemiological characteristics of infertility, 1990-2021, and 15-year forecasts: an analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: Infertility, defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy after 1 year of regular unprotected intercourse, affects approximately 186 million people globally, with consistent prevalence across different income levels. Globally, the rising infertility rates are impacting population growth and individual quality of life. Infertility is not just a personal issue but also a public health concern, with social and economic implications, including stigmatization, marital discord, and mental strain.

Regulation of whey protein emulsion gel's structure with pullulan to enhance astaxanthin bioaccessibility.

In this study, the potential of using an emulsion gel based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pullulan (PUL) to encapsulate and deliver astaxanthin (AST) was investigated. PUL concentration was observed to affect the microstructure of WPC/PUL/AST emulsion gels, and the performance of emulsion gels was evaluated by encapsulation efficiency, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, storage stability, hardness, and water holding capacity tests. The WPC/PUL/AST emulsion gels had the highest encapsulation efficiency, gastrointestinal digestion retention, and bioaccessibility of (91.

Magnetic fields reveal signatures of triplet-pair multi-exciton photoluminescence in singlet fission.

The photophysical processes of singlet fission and triplet fusion have numerous emerging applications. They involve the separation of a photo-generated singlet exciton into two dark triplet excitons and the fusion of two dark triplet excitons into an emissive singlet exciton, respectively. The role of the excimer state and the nature of the triplet-pair state in these processes have been a matter of contention.

Energy metabolism analysis of exogenous glutamate on promoting co-accumulation of astaxanthin yield and biomass in Phaffia rhodozyma D3.

Effective metabolic regulators play an essential role in regulating astaxanthin biosynthesis in Phaffia rhodozyma. In this study, it was found that 5 mM glutamate increased the astaxanthin yield and biomass of P. rhodozyma D3 to 22.

Singlet fission in TIPS-anthracene thin films.

Singlet fission is an exciton multiplication process that allows for the conversion of one singlet exciton into two triplet excitons. Organic semiconductors, such as acenes and their soluble bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS) substituted counterparts, have played a major role in elucidating the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of singlet fission. Despite this, one prominent member of the acene family that has received little experimental attention to date is TIPS-anthracene, even with computational studies suggesting potential high singlet fission yields in the solid state.

The Potential of Siglecs and Sialic Acids as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Tumor Immunotherapy.

The dysregulation of sialic acid is closely associated with oncogenesis and tumor progression. Most tumor cells exhibit sialic acid upregulation. Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins (Siglecs) are receptors that recognize sialic acid and are expressed in various immune cells.

Palmitic acid-activated GPRs/KLF7/CCL2 pathway is involved in the crosstalk between bone marrow adipocytes and prostate cancer.

Background: Obesity-induced abnormal bone marrow microenvironment is one of the important risk element for bone metastasis in prostate cancer (PCa). The present study aimed to determine whether obesity-induced elevation in palmitic acid (PA), which is the most abundant of the free fatty acids (FFAs), increased CCL2 via the GPRs/KLF7 pathway in bone marrow adipocytes (BMA) to facilitate PCa growth and metastasis.

Methods: We constructed a bone-tumor bearing mouse model with obesity through high-fat diet, and observed the tumor formation ability of PCa cells.

Nematicidal Coumarins from Fruits and Roots and Their Physiological Effect on Pine Wood Nematode ().

Pine wood nematode (PWN), , is a major pathogen of pine wilt disease (PWD), which is a devastating disease affecting pine trees. Eco-friendly plant-derived nematicides against PWN have been considered as promising alternatives to control PWD. In this study, the ethyl acetate extracts of fruits and roots were confirmed to have significant nematicidal activity against PWN.

Photochemical Upconversion.

Photochemical upconversion is a process whereby two lower-energy photons are converted into a higher-energy photon by sensitized triplet-triplet annihilation. While recent interest in this process has been motivated by improving the efficiencies of solar cells, many applications are being explored. In this review, we address the underlying physicochemical phenomena that are responsible for photochemical upconversion.

Esculentoside A alleviates cognitive deficits and amyloid pathology through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ-dependent mechanism in an Alzheimer's disease model.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized clinically by cognitive deficits and pathologically by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau aggregation, as well as the brain atrophy. Esculentoside A (EsA), a neuroprotective saponin, is isolated from Phytolacca esculenta and shows potent health-promoting effects in a variety of experimental models. However, there are minimal reports on the effects of EsA on triple transgenic AD mice.

Transfection of STAT3 overexpression plasmid mediated through recombinant lentivirus promotes differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells in fetal rats with spina bifida aperta.

We investigated the influence of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) on the spinal cord tissue grafts of rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. In particular, we hoped to identify whether transfection of the STAT3 overexpression plasmid increases the survival of spinal cord transplantation in order to improve therapeutic efficacy. The fetal rat model of spina bifida aperta was established using retinoic acid and treated with a microsurgical injection of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells promote prostate cancer cell stemness via cell-cell contact to activate the Jagged1/Notch1 pathway.

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in cancer development and tumor resistance to therapy in prostate cancer, but the influence of MSCs on the stemness potential of PCa cells by cell-cell contact remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the effect of direct contact of PCa cells with MSCs on the stemness of PCa and its mechanisms.

Methods: First, the flow cytometry, colony formation, and sphere formation were performed to determine the stemness of PCa, and the expression of stemness-related molecules (Sox2, Oct4, and Nanog) was investigated by western blot analysis.

Carbene metal amide photoemitters: tailoring conformationally flexible amides for full color range emissions including white-emitting OLED.

Conformationally flexible "Carbene-Metal-Amide" (CMA) complexes of copper and gold have been developed based on a combination of sterically hindered cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) and 6- and 7-ring heterocyclic amide ligands. These complexes show photoemissions across the visible spectrum with PL quantum yields of up to 89% in solution and 83% in host-guest films. Single crystal X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence (PL) studies combined with DFT calculations indicate the important role of ring structure and conformational flexibility of the amide ligands.

Free Fatty Acids Promote the Development of Prostate Cancer by Upregulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma.

Introduction: As one of the most common forms of cancer that threatens men's health, prostate cancer (PCa) is under a trend of increasing morbidity and mortality in most countries. More and more studies have pointed out that obesity is closely linked to the occurrence and development of PCa, although there are still many undiscovered molecular mechanisms between the two.

Methods: In the present study, we compare serum lipid levels in patients with PCa and normal individuals.

Serum FFAs profile analysis of Normal weight and obesity individuals of Han and Uygur nationalities in China.

Background: Han and Uygur are the two main nationalities living in Xinjiang, China. There are significant differences in the incidence of metabolic diseases for two nationalities, but the specific reasons are not clear. Obesity is an important risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, which may be closely related to the increase of serum free fatty acids (FFAs) content.