Effect of Sacral Neuromodulation for Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel Dysfunction in Spinal Dysraphism: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Although plenty of evidence supports the effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) in improving urination and defecation, few studies concerned its effect on the patients with spinal dysraphism (SD). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SNM on SD-induced neurogenic bladder and bowel dysfunction.

Methods: We prospectively followed the patients with SD who underwent SNM in our department from May 2019 to June 2024.

Clinical outcome of different surgical approaches for symptomatic Chiari malformation without syringomyelia: a 13-year retrospective study.

Chiari malformation, a condition that disrupts cerebrospinal fluid circulation. While previous studies have extensively explored the symptoms, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes for patients with Chiari malformation accompanied by syringomyelia, there is limited research focused on those without syringomyelia. This study aims to evaluate the symptoms, treatments, intradural findings, and clinical outcomes in patients with Chiari malformation without syringomyelia.

Efficacy and Safety of Bilateral Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Severe Alzheimer's Disease: A Comparative Analysis of Fornix Versus Basal Ganglia of Meynert.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a novel therapy for severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, there is an ongoing debate regarding the optimal target for DBS, particularly the fornix and the basal ganglia of Meynert (NBM).

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of DBS for severe AD and to compare the fornix and the NBM as potential targets.

Clinical outcomes and prognostic factors in patients with primary Meige syndrome undergoing subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation: a retrospective study of 65 cases.

Objective: Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) for primary Meige syndrome has been increasingly reported in recent years. Despite the potential of this therapeutic approach, only a limited number of studies have evaluated its clinical benefits. Moreover, the efficacy of STN-DBS varies among patients with Meige syndrome, and stable prognostic predictors are scarce.

Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in severe Alzheimer's disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly prevalent, leading to severe cognitive decline and a diminished quality of life for patients. Nucleus basalis of Meynert deep brain stimulation (NBM-DBS) is a potential treatment approach.

Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy and safety of NBM-DBS for AD patients.

Deep brain stimulation versus nonsurgical treatment for severe Alzheimer's disease: A long-term retrospective cohort study.

Background: Severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by significant neuropsychiatric symptoms and sleep disorders, with limited effectiveness of conservative drug treatments. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers a potential alternative.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of DBS versus conservative treatment in patients with severe AD.

Impact of intradural abnormalities on symptoms and clinical outcomes in Chiari malformation.

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the impact of intradural abnormalities on symptoms and clinical outcomes in Chiari malformation.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 189 patients with Chiari malformation who underwent posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty or tonsillectomy. Intradural abnormalities were categorized as arachnoid abnormalities, foramen of Magendie (FoM) obstruction, and tonsillar abnormalities.

High cellular plasticity state of medulloblastoma local recurrence and distant dissemination.

Medulloblastoma (MB), a heterogeneous pediatric brain tumor, poses challenges in the treatment of tumor recurrence and dissemination. To characterize cellular diversity and genetic features, we comprehensively analyzed single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing (sc/snRNA-seq), single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (snATAC-seq), and spatial transcriptomics profiles and identified distinct cellular populations in SHH (sonic hedgehog) and Group_3 subgroups, with varying proportions in local recurrence or dissemination. Local recurrence showed higher cycling tumor cell enrichment, whereas disseminated lesions had a relatively notable presence of differentiated subsets.

Multiscale Analysis Reveals Hippocampal Subfield Vulnerabilities to Chronic Cortisol Overexposure: Evidence From Cushing's Disease.

Background: Chronic cortisol overexposure plays a significant role in the development of neuropathological changes associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. The hippocampus, the primary target of cortisol, may exhibit characteristic regional responses due to its internal heterogeneity. In this study, we explored structural and functional alterations of hippocampal (HP) subfields in Cushing's disease (CD), an endogenous model of chronic cortisol overexposure.

Simultaneous intracranial recordings of interacting brains reveal neurocognitive dynamics of human cooperation.

Cooperative interactions profoundly shape individual and collective behaviors of social animals. Successful cooperation requires coordinated efforts by cooperators toward collective goals. However, the underlying behavioral dynamics and neuronal mechanisms within and between cooperating brains remain largely unknown.

Investigating unilateral and bilateral motor imagery control using electrocorticography and fMRI in awake craniotomy.

Background: The rapid development of neurosurgical techniques, such as awake craniotomy, has increased opportunities to explore the mysteries of the brain. This is crucial for deepening our understanding of motor control and imagination processes, especially in developing brain-computer interface (BCI) technologies and improving neurorehabilitation strategies for neurological disorders.

Objective: This study aimed to analyze brain activity patterns in patients undergoing awake craniotomy during actual movements and motor imagery, mainly focusing on the motor control processes of the bilateral limbs.

Efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation in mesencephalic locomotor region for motor function in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia: a study protocol for a multi-center double-blind crossover randomized controlled trial.

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a potential treatment for improving movement disorder. However, few large-sample studies can reveal its efficacy and safety. This study aims to initially explore the efficacy and safety of DBS in the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) on motor function in patients with post-stroke hemiplegia.

Clinical Course, Therapy, and Long-Term Outcomes of Children With Moyamoya Disease and Posterior Cerebral Artery Involvement.

Background And Objectives: Posterior cerebral artery involvement (PCAi) has been identified as an important factor related to poor prognosis in moyamoya disease (MMD). This study summarized the characteristics of children with MMD and PCAi, clarified the clinical course, identified prognostic predictors, and investigated the long-term effect of encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis for posterior circulation (EDAS-p).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all our pediatric MMD cases with follow-up angiograms from November 2003 to December 2016.

Outcomes after surgical and nonsurgical treatment of pediatric cerebral cavernous malformation.

Importance: Pediatric cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a rarely encountered vascular entity. Comparative study on surgical excision and nonsurgical management outcomes of CCM in pediatrics is limited.

Objective: To determine the demographic characteristics, hemorrhage rate, and long-term outcomes of pediatric patients with CCM.

Intracranial EEG signals disentangle multi-areal neural dynamics of vicarious pain perception.

Empathy enables understanding and sharing of others' feelings. Human neuroimaging studies have identified critical brain regions supporting empathy for pain, including the anterior insula (AI), anterior cingulate (ACC), amygdala, and inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). However, to date, the precise spatio-temporal profiles of empathic neural responses and inter-regional communications remain elusive.

Could Cerebral Inflammatory Lesions be the Cellular Origin of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma?

Introduction: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) presents a diagnostic enigma due to the inherent absence of lymphoid tissue in the central nervous system (CNS). The hypothesis posits that lymphocytes infiltrating the CNS during inflammatory responses could represent a cellular source for PCNSL, challenging traditional understandings of its etiology.

Patient Concerns: In 2 illustrative cases, patients presented with neurological symptoms initially misdiagnosed as encephalitis and demyelinating disease, respectively.

Structural network topologies are associated with deep brain stimulation outcomes in Meige syndrome.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective therapy for Meige syndrome (MS). However, the DBS efficacy varies across MS patients and the factors contributing to the variable responses remain enigmatic. We aim to explain the difference in DBS efficacy from a network perspective.

Brain functional connectivity alterations in patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Recent advancements in neuroimaging have illustrated that anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries could impact the central nervous system (CNS), causing neuroplastic changes in the brain beyond the traditionally understood biomechanical consequences. While most of previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have focused on localized cortical activity changes post-injury, emerging research has suggested disruptions in functional connectivity across the brain. However, these prior investigations, albeit pioneering, have been constrained by two limitations: a reliance on small-sample participant cohorts, often limited to two to three patients, potentially limiting the generalizability of findings, and an adherence to region of interest based analysis, which may overlook broader network interactions.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound for essential tremor: a prospective, single center, single-arm study.

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202409000-00041/figure1/v/2024-01-16T170235Z/r/image-tiff The safety and effectiveness of magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy has been broadly established and validated for the treatment of essential tremor. In 2018, the first magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound system in Chinese mainland was installed at the First Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital.

One-pass deep brain stimulation of subthalamic nucleus and ventral intermediate nucleus for levodopa-resistant tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease.

Objective: Tremor-dominant Parkinson's disease (TD-PD) can be further separated into levodopa-responsive and levodopa-resistant types, the latter being considered to have a different pathogenesis. Previous studies indicated that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the globus pallidus internus (GPi) individually was not sufficient for tremor control, especially for the levodopa-resistant TD-PD (LRTD-PD). The thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) has been regarded as a potent DBS target for different kinds of tremors.

Multifocal fluorescence video-rate imaging of centimetre-wide arbitrarily shaped brain surfaces at micrometric resolution.

Fluorescence microscopy allows for the high-throughput imaging of cellular activity across brain areas in mammals. However, capturing rapid cellular dynamics across the curved cortical surface is challenging, owing to trade-offs in image resolution, speed, field of view and depth of field. Here we report a technique for wide-field fluorescence imaging that leverages selective illumination and the integration of focal areas at different depths via a spinning disc with varying thickness to enable video-rate imaging of previously reconstructed centimetre-scale arbitrarily shaped surfaces at micrometre-scale resolution and at a depth of field of millimetres.

PAllidal versus SubThalamic deep brain Stimulation for Cervical Dystonia (PASTS-CD): study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been validated as a safe and effective treatment for refractory cervical dystonia (CD). Globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) are the two main stimulating targets. However, there has been no prospective study to clarify which target is the better DBS candidate for CD.