Noninvasive real-time monitoring of cellular spatiotemporal dynamics via machine learning-enhanced electrical impedance spectroscopy.

Monitoring cellular spatiotemporal dynamics is essential for understanding complex biological processes such as organ development and cancer progression. Using live-cell fluorescence microscopy to track cellular dynamics is often limited by dye-induced cytotoxicity and cellular photodamage. Here, we demonstrate an alternative methodology combining microelectrode arrays, electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and machine learning (ML) that enables real-time monitoring of cellular spatiotemporal dynamics in a noninvasive and label-free manner.

Polarization-encoded quantum key distribution with a room-temperature telecom single-photon emitter.

Single-photon sources (SPSs) are directly applicable in quantum key distribution (QKD) because they allow the implementation of the canonical BB84 protocol. To date, QKD implementations using SPSs are not widespread because of the need for cryogenic operation, or frequency conversion to a wavelength efficiently transmitted over telecommunication fibers. We report an observation of polarization-encoded QKD using a room-temperature telecom SPS based on a GaN defect.

Inter-brain neural dynamics in biological and artificial intelligence systems.

Social interaction can be regarded as a dynamic feedback loop between interacting individuals as they act and react to each other. Here, to understand the neural basis of these interactions, we investigated inter-brain neural dynamics across individuals in both mice and artificial intelligence systems. By measuring activities of molecularly defined neurons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex of socially interacting mice, we find that the multi-dimensional neural space within each individual can be partitioned into two distinct subspaces-a shared neural subspace that represents shared neural dynamics across animals and a unique neural subspace that represents activity unique to each animal.

Supramolecular Nanostructures of Boron-Nitrogen-Embedded Cycloparaphenylene Triradicals: Tuning Charge Transfer and Nonlinear Optical Properties.

Supramolecular complexes of cycloparaphenylene (CPP) and fullerene have been widely studied due to their fascinating topological structures and unique optoelectronic properties. Herein, we theoretically investigate a series of nanostructures, where boron and/or nitrogen atoms substitute the central carbon atom in a through-space conjugated multiphenalenyl triradical (BN-TPP, = 0, 1, 2, 3, Type I), further constructing carbon nanorings (BN-TCPP, Type II), supramolecular fullerenes (C@BN-TPP, Type III), and supramolecular nanostructures (C@BN-TCPP, Type IV). The results show that the supramolecular assembly and the number of nitrogen atoms strongly regulate charge transfer and second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties.

Changes in Ascending Aortic and Aortic Arch Secondary Flow Patterns Following Endovascular Repair of the Descending Thoracic Aorta.

Objective: This study aimed to assess modifications of aortic secondary flow patterns following thoracic endovascular aortic repair (T-EVAR) using four dimensional flow magnetic resonance imaging (4D flow MRI).

Methods: FASCAT is a French, prospective, observational, single centre study. All included patients underwent cardiac MRI, including aortic magnetic resonance angiography and 4D flow MRI acquisition, before and three months after T-EVAR.

Micro-Scale Topography Triggers Dynamic 3D Nuclear Deformations.

Navigating complex extracellular environments requires extensive deformation of cells and their nuclei. Most in vitro systems used to study nuclear deformations impose whole-cell confinement that mimics the physical crowding experienced by cells during 3D migration through tissues. Such systems, however, do not reproduce the types of nuclear deformations expected to occur in cells that line tissues such as endothelial or epithelial cells whose physical confinement stems principally from the topography of their underlying basement membrane.

UBIQUITIN-CONJUGATING ENZYME34 mediates pyrophosphatase AVP1 turnover and regulates abiotic stress responses in Arabidopsis.

Understanding the molecular mechanisms of abiotic stress responses in plants is instrumental for the development of climate-resilient crops. Key factors in abiotic stress responses, such as the proton-pumping pyrophosphatase (AVP1), have been identified, but their function and regulation remain elusive. Here, we explored the post-translational regulation of AVP1 by the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBC34 and its relevance in the salt stress and phosphate starvation responses of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

Comparative Analysis of Single-Channel and Multi-Channel Classification of Sleep Stages Across Four Different Data Sets.

: Manually labeling sleep stages is time-consuming and labor-intensive, making automatic sleep staging methods crucial for practical sleep monitoring. While both single- and multi-channel data are commonly used in automatic sleep staging, limited research has adequately investigated the differences in their effectiveness. In this study, four public data sets-Sleep-SC, APPLES, SHHS1, and MrOS1-are utilized, and an advanced hybrid attention neural network composed of a multi-branch convolutional neural network and the multi-head attention mechanism is employed for automatic sleep staging.

Unconditional quantum magic advantage in shallow circuit computation.

Quantum theory promises computational speed-ups over classical approaches. The celebrated Gottesman-Knill Theorem implies that the full power of quantum computation resides in the specific resource of "magic" states-the secret sauce to establish universal quantum computation. However, it is still questionable whether magic indeed brings the believed quantum advantage, ridding unproven complexity assumptions or black-box oracles.

TRPC6-Calpain-1 Axis Promotes Tubulointerstitial Inflammation by Inhibiting Mitophagy in Diabetic Kidney Disease.

Introduction: Renal tubulointerstitial inflammation represents an effective indicator for predicting the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Mitophagy abnormality is 1 of the most important factors involved in tubule injury. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying mitophagy abnormality-mediated tubulointerstitial inflammation in DKD remains poorly understood.

Neural basis of collective social behavior during environmental challenge.

Humans and animals have a remarkable capacity to collectively coordinate their behavior to respond to environmental challenges. However, the underlying neurobiology remains poorly understood. Here, we found that groups of mice self-organize into huddles at cold ambient temperature during the thermal challenge assay.

Drought-dependent regulation of cell coupling in Arabidopsis leaf epidermis requires plasmodesmal protein NHL12.

The cytoplasm of most plant cells is connected by membrane-lined cell wall channels, the plasmodesmata (PD). Dynamic regulation of sugar, hormone, and protein diffusion through PD is essential for plant development and stress responses. Understanding this regulation requires knowledge of factors and mechanisms that control PD permeability through the modulation of callose levels in the cell wall around PD openings.

Feasibility of the application of deep learning-reconstructed ultra-fast respiratory-triggered T2-weighted imaging at 3 T in liver imaging.

Objective: The evaluate the feasibility of a novel deep learning-reconstructed ultra-fast respiratory-triggered T2WI sequence (DL-RT-T2WI) In liver imaging, compared with respiratory-triggered Arms-T2WI (Arms-RT-T2WI) and respiratory-triggered FSE-T2WI (FSE-RT-T2WI) sequences.

Methods: 71 patients with liver lesions underwent 3-T MRI and were prospectively enrolled. Two readers independently analyzed images acquired with DL-RT-T2WI, Arms-RT-T2WI, and FSE-RT-T2WI.

Sacubitril/valsartan ameliorates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by restoring mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetic kidney disease.

Background: Tubulointerstitial fibrosis plays an important role in the progression of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Sacubitril/valsartan (Sac/Val) exerts a robust beneficial effect in DKD. However, the potential functional effect of Sac/Val on tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DKD is still largely unclear.

Structural Heredity in Catalysis: CO Self-Selective CeO Nanocrystals for Efficient Photothermal CO Hydrogenation to Methane.

The chemical inertness of CO molecules makes their adsorption and activation on a catalyst surface one of the key challenges in recycling CO into chemical fuels. However, the traditional template synthesis and chemical modification strategies used to tackle this problem face severe structural collapse and modifier deactivation issues during the often-needed post-processing procedure. Herein, a CO self-selective hydrothermal growth strategy is proposed for the synthesis of CeO octahedral nanocrystals that participate in strong physicochemical interactions with CO molecules.

Device-independent quantum randomness-enhanced zero-knowledge proof.

Zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) is a fundamental cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to convince a verifier of the validity of a statement without leaking any further information. As an efficient variant of ZKP, noninteractive zero-knowledge proof (NIZKP) adopting the Fiat-Shamir heuristic is essential to a wide spectrum of applications, such as federated learning, blockchain, and social networks. However, the heuristic is typically built upon the random oracle model that makes ideal assumptions about hash functions, which does not hold in reality and thus undermines the security of the protocol.

Volumetric Compression Shifts Rho GTPase Balance and Induces Mechanobiological Cell State Transition.

During development and disease progression, cells are subject to osmotic and mechanical stresses that modulate cell volume, which fundamentally influences cell homeostasis and has been linked to a variety of cellular functions. It is not well understood how the mechanobiological state of cells is programmed by the interplay of intracellular organization and complex extracellular mechanics when stimulated by cell volume modulation. Here, by controlling cell volume via osmotic pressure, we evaluate physical phenotypes (including cell shape, morphodynamics, traction force, and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling) and molecular signaling (YAP), and we uncover fundamental transitions in active biophysical states.

Quantum Complementarity Approach to Device-Independent Security.

Complementarity is an essential feature of quantum mechanics. The preparation of an eigenstate of one observable implies complete randomness in its complementary observable. In quantum cryptography, complementarity allows us to formulate security analyses in terms of phase-error correction.

Which news topics drive economic prosperity in China?

Precise and real-time measurements of economic prosperity are vital to a country's economic system. This study aims to identify news topics that promoted economic prosperity in China from 2011-2021. By extracting economic topics from news text data, we construct a news coincidence index with comprehensive information and strong timeliness and reveal the trend of topic contribution.

Lipid-inspired biomimicking morphosynthesis of a series of complex concave silica architectures.

The lipid-inspired biosilicification process enables the creation of a series of concave silica nanoarchitectures in the complex shapes of nanobowls, nanodishes, nanoboats, and nanoloops. The reaction at a pH of 8 initially allows the formation of thin and elastic circular gel nanosheets that can undergo inducible stretching and folding, which subsequently evolves into nanodish and nanobowl through a potential global buckling process. The adjustment of the pH to 9 and 4 enables the production of more complex morphogens of nanoboat and nanoloop, respectively.

Metformin-Loaded Chitosan Hydrogels Suppress Bladder Tumor Growth in an Orthotopic Mouse Model via Intravesical Administration.

Our previous study found that the intravesical perfusion of metformin has excellent inhibitory effects against bladder cancer (BC). However, this administration route allows the drug to be diluted and excreted in urine. Therefore, increasing the adhesion of metformin to the bladder mucosal layer may prolong the retention time and increase the pharmacological activity.

Compression drives diverse transcriptomic and phenotypic adaptations in melanoma.

Physical forces are prominent during tumor progression. However, it is still unclear how they impact and drive the diverse phenotypes found in cancer. Here, we apply an integrative approach to investigate the impact of compression on melanoma cells.

Virtual reality: a promising instrument to promote sail education.

Sailing has gained an increasing attention among children and adolescents in China, which raised a strong need for sail courses through physical education (PE). However, challenges in teaching practice arise with rapid development of the sport. In the current study, we proposed a perspective that virtual reality (VR) technology makes high-quality sail education accessible for students.

Trends in cardiovascular burden and mortality among adults with prediabetes in the US, 1999-2018.

Background: Trends in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and mortality have been reported among US adults with diabetes, but not among those with prediabetes. This study aimed to examine and compare the trends in CVD risk factors and mortality in US adults with diabetes and prediabetes.

Methods: In this serial, cross-sectional study, medical records of prediabetic patients from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) among adults aged 18 years or older were retrospectively reviewed.

Brain-Computer Interfaces in Visualized Medicine.

The brain-computer interface (BCI), also known as a brain-machine interface (BMI), has attracted extensive attention in biomedical applications. More importantly, BCI technologies have substantially revolutionized early predictions, diagnostic techniques, and rehabilitation strategies addressing acute diseases because of BCI's innovations and clinical translations. Therefore, in this chapter, a comprehensive description of the basic concepts of BCI will be exhibited, and various visualization techniques employed in BCI's medical applications will be discussed.