Distinguishing Thermal Fluctuations from Polaron Formation in Halide Perovskites.

Recent angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) measurements of the hole effective mass in CsPbBr_{3} revealed an enhancement of ∼50% compared to the bare mass computed from first principles for CsPbBr_{3} at T=0  K. This large enhancement was interpreted as evidence of polaron formation. Employing accurate finite-temperature first-principles calculations, we show that the calculated hole effective mass of CsPbBr_{3} at T=300  K can explain experimental results without invoking polarons.

Al-Dependent Anisotropic Facet Tailoring on SrTiO Single Crystal for Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting.

Controllable fabrication of single-crystal metal oxide is of paramount importance for advanced photo(electro)catalytic applications, but achieving nonequilibrium crystal shapes with tailored facets through molten salt synthesis still remains a challenge. Herein, we systematically explored the effect of Al concentration in tailoring crystal facets of SrTiO single crystals and developed a one-step molten salt strategy for engineering anisotropic structures by using miscible AlCl as Al additive. By progressively increasing Al concentration, a series of high-quality SrTiO single crystals exposing {100}, {111}, and {110} facets were sequentially synthesized.

BMAL1 attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway: evidence from vitro studies.

To explore the potential effects and the corresponding mechanisms of brain and muscle arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) on the progression of intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) in vitro studies. The expression of BMAL1, SIRT1 and PINK1 were evaluated by the method of siRNA/pcDNA in the immortalized nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. The expression of SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway was assessed.

LoreX: A Low-Energy Region Explorer Boosts Efficient Crystal Structure Prediction.

Machine learning has boosted the remarkable development of crystal structure prediction (CSP), greatly accelerating modern materials design. However, slow location of the low-energy regions on the potential energy surface (PES) is still a key bottleneck for the overall search efficiency. Here, we develop a low-energy region explorer (LoreX) to rapidly locate low-energy regions on the PES.

Peering into interfaces in perovskite solar cells: a first-principles perspective.

Over the past decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have experienced a rapid development. The remarkable increase in the photoelectric conversion efficiency demonstrates great promise of halide perovskites in the field of photovoltaics. Despite the excellent photovoltaic performance, further efforts are needed to enhance efficiency and stability.

Trade-Off Between Toxicity and Efficiency in Tin- versus Lead-Based Halide Perovskites.

Toxicity remains one of the major challenges that prevent Pb-based halide perovskites from widespread utilization. Ideally, non-toxic alternatives can be identified while still maintaining the superior power conversion efficiency of the Pb-based perovskite solar cells. Using the currently most promising candidate, the Sn-based halide perovskites, as an example, we show that a trade-off exists between toxicity and efficiency in the Sn- versus Pb-based halide perovskites.

Mediation Effect of CSF Substance P on the Association Between Smoking and Sleep.

Background: Cigarette smoking has been linked to severe and persistent sleep disturbances alongside notable fluctuations in neuropeptide levels. Substance P (SubP), influenced by smoking, also impacts sleep-wake cycles. However, its specific role in smoking-induced sleep disorders remains unclear.

CNEV: A corpus of Chinese nonverbal emotional vocalizations with a database of emotion category, valence, arousal, and gender.

Nonverbal emotional vocalizations play a crucial role in conveying emotions during human interactions. Validated corpora of these vocalizations have facilitated emotion-related research and found wide-ranging applications. However, existing corpora have lacked representation from diverse cultural backgrounds, which may limit the generalizability of the resulting theories.

Alkaptonuria presenting as lumbar degenerative disease: A case report and literature review.

Rationale: Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare, inherited metabolic disease caused by deficient activity of homogentisic acid oxidase, leading to the accumulation of homogentisic acid and its oxidized product, benzoquinone acetic acid. These compounds cause black discoloration of cartilage, degeneration, inflammation, and calcification of intervertebral disks and large joints, resulting in pain and impaired quality of life. Despite its debilitating effects, there are no curative treatments for AKU, and management remains supportive.

Physical activity pattern and its influencing factors among patients with inflammatory bowel disease in East China.

Objective: To investigate the current level of physical activity (PA) and its influencing factors among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in East China.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Questionnaire survey recruiting from six tertiary referral hospitals in East China between October and December 2023.

[Effect of exogenous paclobutrazol on the drought resistance of seedlings under drought stress].

To clarify the response mechanism of exogenous paclobutrazol on drought resistance in seedlings, we investigated the effects of spraying different concentrations of paclobutrazol (25, 50, 100 mg·L) on the photosynthetic and antioxidant systems of 2-year-old seedlings under drought stress using natural drought method. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced the photosynthesis and broke the dynamic balance of antioxidant system in seedlings. Spraying with different concentrations of paclobutrazol effectively alleviated the negative impacts of drought stress, and enhanced the defense capability of photosynthetic and antioxidant systems, with the 100 mg·L paclobutrazol treatment being the most effective.

Research on the urban-rural differences and influencing factors of life satisfaction among elderly people in China.

Objective: To analyze the differences in life satisfaction and the factors that influence it among elderly people in urban and rural locations in China and to provide a reference for narrowing these differences.

Methods: Binary logistic regression was used to analyze 2018 data from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) to understand the status of life satisfaction and urban-rural differences among the elderly.

Results: Among 4,910 elderly participants, the overall life satisfaction rate was 72.

Nature of Disordering in γ-Ga_{2}O_{3}.

Polymorphs commonly exist for various materials, enabling phase engineering for diverse material properties. While the crystal structures of different polymorphs can, in principle, be experimentally characterized, interpreting and understanding complex crystal structures can be very challenging. Using Ga_{2}O_{3} as a prototype, here we show that the crystal structure of γ-Ga_{2}O_{3} has long been misinterpreted from either theory or experiment.

Edaravone promotes motoneuron survival and functional recovery after brachial plexus root avulsion and reimplantation in rats: Involvement of SIRT1/TFEB pathway.

Background: Brachial plexu root avulsion (BPRA) commonly causes extensive motoneuron death, motor axon degeneration and denervation of biceps, leading to devastating motor dysfunction in the upper limb. Edaravone (Eda) has been proven to exert anti-oxidative and neuroprotective effects on various neurological disorders. Herein, we aimed to investigate the efficacy profile and potential mechanisms of Eda on BPRA in vitro and in vivo models.

High-Temperature-Mediated Assembly of Polyoxometalate-Induced Ordered Carbonaceous Superstructures.

Constructing hierarchical superstructures through one-step bottom-up synthesis poses significant challenges due to strong interactions between additives and micelles, which hinders the formation of heterogeneous configurations. Here, we propose a high-temperature-mediated method to weaken these interactions and manipulate the thermal instability of micellar templates. This approach successfully synthesizes hierarchical superstructures that combine a carbonaceous nanosheet substrate with polyoxometalate (POM)-induced, highly ordered discontinuous nanodots in a single preparation step.

Comparison between community-acquired pneumonia and post-obstructive pneumonia associated with endobronchial tumors.

Background: Endobronchial tumors can infiltrate the bronchial wall or protrude into the bronchial lumen, causing post-obstructive pneumonia (POP). Differentiating between POP and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is challenging due to similar clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings, which can delay the diagnosis and treatment of endobronchial tumors.

Methods: We compared general demographic information, laboratory test results, lung CT images, bronchoscopic observations, pathological findings between the POP group and the CAP group.

Transcriptomic analysis of codon usage patterns and gene expression characteristics in leafy spurge.

Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) is an important herb and potential energy source with medicinal value. Codon usage bias (CUB) is a static feature of genes and genomes that results from adaptation and selection during long-term evolution and facilitates molecular breeding in transgenic plants. Here, we used TransDecoder to identify candidate coding regions from the downloaded leafy spurge transcriptome and generate coding region annotation files based on reference genomes.

A Janus hydrogel that enables wet tissue adhesion and resists abdominal adhesions.

Hydrogels have indeed achieved significant advancements, yet their clinical translation has been hampered by their inherent limitations in wet adhesion properties. Furthermore, the design of adhesive hydrogels that can resist postoperative adhesions remains an intricate challenge. In this study, we introduce a Janus hydrogel (JGP) that offers a novel approach to address these challenges.

NEXMIF Combined with KIDINS220 Gene Mutation Caused Neurodevelopmental Disorder and Epilepsy: One Case Report.

Unlabelled: of Medical History: A male infant, 8 months old, was admitted to hospital with cough and fever. The clinical symptoms were found to be mental retardation, obesity, dystonia, movement limitation, and visual retardation. Early development was normal, but after 6 months, the child developed upright head instability, difficulty grasping, and seizures.

Template Evolution Induced Relay Self-Assembly for Mesoporous Carbonaceous Materials via Hydrothermal Carbonization.

Constructing carbonaceous materials with versatile surface structures still remains a great challenge due to limited self-assembly methods, especially at high temperatures. This study presents an innovative template evolution induced relay self-assembly (TEIRSA) for the fabrication of large polyoxometalate (POM)-mixed carbonaceous nanosheets featuring surface mesoporous structures through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). The method employs POM and acetone as additives, cleverly modulating the Ostwald ripening-like process of P123-based micelles, effectively addressing the instability challenges inherent in traditional soft-template methods, especially within the demanding carbohydrate HTC process.

Enhancement of Overall Kinetics by Se-Br Chemistry in Rechargeable Li-S Batteries.

The sluggish kinetics of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries severely impedes the application in extreme conditions. Bridging the sulfur cathode and lithium anode, the electrolyte plays a crucial role in regulating kinetic behaviors of Li-S batteries. Herein, we report a multifunctional electrolyte additive of phenyl selenium bromide (PhSeBr) to simultaneously exert positive influences on both electrodes and the electrolyte.

Critical Role of Configurational Disorder in Stabilizing Chemically Unfavorable Coordination in Complex Compounds.

The crystal structure of a material is essentially determined by the nature of its chemical bonding. Consequently, the atomic coordination intimately correlates with the degree of ionicity or covalency of the material. Based on this principle, materials with similar chemical compositions can be successfully categorized into different coordination groups.