Genome Skimming Reveals Plastome Conservation, Phylogenetic Structure, and Novel Molecular Markers in Valuable Orchid .

: is a rare and endangered terrestrial orchid endemic to China, valued for its ornamental and medicinal properties. However, limited genomic resources hinder its effective conservation strategies and sustainable utilization. This study aimed to generate comprehensive plastome resources and develop molecular markers to support the phylogenetics, identification, and conservation management of .

Haplotype-resolved genome and population genomics provide insights into dioscin biosynthesis and evolutionary history of the medicinal species Dioscorea nipponica.

Dioscorea nipponica, a perennial herb widely distributed in the Sino-Japanese Floristic Region, is renowned for its medicinal properties, particularly its ability to produce dioscin. Here, we present a haplotype-resolved genome assembly of the diploid D. nipponica, comprising 511.

A Lateral Flow-Recombinase Polymerase Amplification Method for Detection.

The greater yam (), a widely cultivated and nutritious food crop, suffers from widespread yield reduction due to anthracnose caused by . Latent infection often occurs before anthracnose phenotypes can be detected, making early prevention difficult and causing significant harm to agricultural production. Through comparative genomic analysis of 60 genomes of 38 species from the genus, this study identified 17 orthologous gene groups (orthogroups) that were shared by all investigated strains but absent from all other species.

Unraveling the Molecular Basis of Color Variation in Tubers: Integrated Transcriptome and Metabolomics Analysis.

L. (Dioscoreaceae) is a widely cultivated tuber crop with variations in tuber color, offering potential value as health-promoting foods. This study focused on the comparison of tubers possessing two distinct colors, white and purple, to explore the underlying mechanisms of color variation.

Features of MR signals of retroplacental basal decidual space and its diagnostic significance.

Background: With more pregnant women undergoing cesarean section, the number of women with scarring in the uterus undergoing uterine magnetic resonance (MR) examination in the second and third trimesters following a subsequent pregnancy, has increased.

Objective: To investigate features of MR signals in retroplacental basal decidual space.

Methods: The MR imaging data of patients with clinically and pathologically confirmed placenta implantation and complete placental abruption were retrospectively analyzed.

Low-coverage whole genome sequencing of eleven species/subspecies in sect. (Dioscoreaceae): comparative plastome analyses, molecular markers development and phylogenetic inference.

sect. (Dioscoreaceae) comprises about 30 species that are distributed in the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Despite being evolutionarily "primitive" and medically valuable, genomic resources and molecular studies of this section are still scarce.

Pan-Plastome of Greater Yam () in China: Intraspecific Genetic Variation, Comparative Genomics, and Phylogenetic Analyses.

L. (Dioscoreaceae), commonly known as greater yam, water yam, or winged yam, is a popular tuber vegetable/food crop worldwide, with nutritional, health, and economical importance. China is an important domestication center of , and hundreds of cultivars (accessions) have been established.

Genome Sequence Resource for , an Important Pathogenic Fungus Causing Anthracnose of .

Anthracnose disease is one of the most important diseases of and many other food yams, which is caused by fungus from the Glomerellaceae family of the Sordariomycetes class. In the present study, a starin named CgDa01 was isolated from , and its genome was sequenced based on Oxford Nanopore technology (ONT) and the Illumina sequencing platform. The high-quality genome of CgDa01 was assembled with a 62.

Genome-Wide Analysis of Genes From an Early-Diverging Angiosperm .

genes are the largest gene family in plants conferring resistance to pathogens. At present, studies on the evolution of genes in angiosperms mainly focused on monocots and eudicots, while studies on genes in the basal angiosperms are limited. represents an early-diverging angiosperm order, Nymphaeales, and confronts various pathogens during its lifetime, which can cause serious economic losses in terms of yield and quality.

Genome-wide Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of NBS-LRR Genes From .

is an important crop in the Triticeae tribe of the Poaceae family, and it has unique agronomic characteristics and genome properties. It possesses resistance to many diseases and serves as an important resource for the breeding of other Triticeae crops. We performed a genome-wide study on to identify the largest group of plant disease resistance genes ( genes), the nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich repeat receptor (NBS-LRR) genes.

Genome-Wide Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of Genes From .

is an important food crop that is mainly cultivated in subtropical regions of the world. is frequently infected by various pathogens during its lifespan, which results in a substantial economic loss in terms of yield and quality. The disease resistance gene ( gene) profile of is largely unknown, which has greatly hampered molecular study of disease resistance in this species.

Divergence and Conservative Evolution of XTNX Genes in Land Plants.

The Toll-interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) and Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domains are two major components of the TIR-NBS-leucine-rich repeat family plant disease resistance genes. Extensive functional and evolutionary studies have been performed on these genes; however, the characterization of a small group of genes that are composed of atypical TIR and NBS domains, namely XTNX genes, is limited. The present study investigated this specific gene family by conducting genome-wide analyses of 59 green plant genomes.

Interaction of Ferulic Acid with Glutathione S-Transferase and Carboxylesterase Genes in the Brown Planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens.

Plant phenolics are crucial defense phytochemicals against herbivores and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and carboxylesterase (CarE) in herbivorous insects are well-known detoxification enzymes for such xenobiotics. To understand relationship between a plant phenolic and herbivore GST or CarE genes, we evaluated the relationship between a rice phenolic ferulic acid and resistance to brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens), and investigated the interaction of ferulic acid with GST or CarE genes in BPH. The results indicate that ferulic acid content in tested rice varieties was highly associated with resistance to BPH.

Distinct Patterns of Gene Gain and Loss: Diverse Evolutionary Modes of NBS-Encoding Genes in Three Solanaceae Crop Species.

Plant resistance conferred by nucleotide binding site (NBS)-encoding resistance genes plays a key role in the defense against various pathogens throughout the entire plant life cycle. However, comparative analyses for the systematic evaluation and determination of the evolutionary modes of NBS-encoding genes among Solanaceae species are rare. In this study, 447, 255, and 306 NBS-encoding genes were identified from the genomes of potato, tomato, and pepper, respectively.

Insertion DNA Accelerates Meiotic Interchromosomal Recombination in Arabidopsis thaliana.

Nucleotide insertions/deletions are ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, and the resulting hemizygous (unpaired) DNA has significant, heritable effects on adjacent DNA. However, little is known about the genetic behavior of insertion DNA. Here, we describe a binary transgenic system to study the behavior of insertion DNA during meiosis.

Evolution of the KCS gene family in plants: the history of gene duplication, sub/neofunctionalization and redundancy.

Very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) play an important role in the survival and development of plants, and VLCFA synthesis is regulated by β-ketoacyl-CoA synthases (KCSs), which catalyze the condensation of an acyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA. Here, we present a genome-wide survey of the genes encoding these enzymes, KCS genes, in 28 species (26 genomes and two transcriptomes), which represents a large phylogenetic scale, and also reconstruct the evolutionary history of this gene family. KCS genes were initially single-copy genes in the green plant lineage; duplication resulted in five ancestral copies in land plants, forming five fundamental monophyletic groups in the phylogenetic tree.

Protective effect of epimedium combined with oligomeric proanthocyanidins on exercise-induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats.

Objective: This paper studied the protective effect and mechanism of epimedium combined with oligomeric proanthocyanidins on exercise-induced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury of rats.

Methods: In the experiment, the rats were given exhaustive swimming training and then their blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and other biochemical indexes were measured after they were given gastric perfusion with 6.01 g/kg doze of epimedium and 50 mg/kg doze of oligomeric proanthocyanidins for 56 days.

Effects of neurolytic celiac plexus block on liver regeneration in rats with partial hepatectomy.

Liver regeneration is the basic physiological process after partial hepatectomy (PH), and is important for the functional rehabilitation of the liver after acute hepatic injury. This study was designed to explore the effects of neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB) on liver regeneration after PH. We established a model of PH in rats, assessing hepatic blood flow, liver function, and serum CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 concentrations of the residuary liver after PH.

Glutathione S-transferase of brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens) is essential for their adaptation to gramine-containing host plants.

Plants have evolved complex processes to ward off attacks by insects. In parallel, insects have evolved mechanisms to thwart these plant defenses. To gain insight into mechanisms that mediate this arms race between plants and herbivorous insects, we investigated the interactions between gramine, a toxin synthesized by plants of the family Gramineae, and glutathione S transferase (GST), an enzyme found in insects that is known to detoxify xenobiotics.

Non-random arrangement of synonymous codons in archaea coding sequences.

Non-random arrangement of synonymous codons in coding sequences has been recently reported in eukaryotic and bacterial genomes, but the case in archaeal genomes is largely undetermined. Here, we systematically investigated 122 archaeal genomes for their synonymous codon co-occurrence patterns. We found that in most archaeal coding sequences, the order of synonymous codons is not arranged randomly, but rather some successive codon pairs appear significantly more often than expected.

DNA barcoding the Dioscorea in China, a vital group in the evolution of monocotyledon: use of matK gene for species discrimination.

Background: Dioscorea is an important plant genus in terms of food supply and pharmaceutical applications. However, its classification and identification are controversial. DNA barcoding is a recent aid to taxonomic identification and uses a short standardized DNA region to discriminate plant species.