Synergistic enhancement effect of straw-earthworms in the reduction of sulfamethoxazole and antibiotic resistance genes.

Soil antibiotic pollution is a global concern. It has been confirmed that straw or earthworm can enhance microbial degradation of antibiotics in soil. However, in the C/N transformation processes of soil ecosystems, straw and earthworms are closely interconnected.

Development and validation of an interpretable machine learning model for standard spleen volume prediction.

Background: Splenomegaly serves as a crucial indicator for various diseases, particularly in hepatosplenomegaly and hematological disorders. Accurate assessment of splenomegaly is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy and treatment decisions, yet individualized diagnosis necessitates a standard reference for splenic volume. This study aimed to develop an interpretable machine learning (ML) model to evaluate standard splenic volume (SSV), enhancing personalized clinical decision-making.

Abscisic acid application enhances cadmium accumulation in Sedum plumbizincicola by controlling photosynthesis, hormone signaling and antioxidant defense.

Sedum plumbizincicola (S. plumbizincicola) is a hyperaccumulator species with high potential for the remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated lands. The importance of abscisic acid (ABA) in regulating phytoremediation processes has been widely recognized, but the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying ABA-mediated Cd uptake and detoxification in hyperaccumulators remain unclear.

Earthworm survival adaptations to arsenate exposure: Links between behavioral inhibition, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative stress responses.

The threshold for arsenic (As) in agricultural soils is increasing, posing a significant risk to human health through the food chain. The efficacy of vermiremediation to remove As has been constrained by the limited understanding of earthworms' survival adaptions. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the responses and underlying potential mechanisms of Eisenia fetida to arsenate (As-V).

Watermelon wilt disease: causes, harms, and control measures.

Watermelon (), a globally significant economic crop generating billions of dollars annually, faces severe production limitations due to persistent Fusarium wilt caused by continuous cropping. The disease emerges following watermelon cultivation, driven by the invasion of f. sp.

Bacillus subtilis B55 degraded the ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid and changed the soil bacterial community in soils.

Aims: This study aimed to assess the effects of phenolic acid-degrading bacteria strains on phenolic acid content, plant growth, and soil bacterial community in phenolic acid-treated soils.

Methods And Results: The strain of interest coded as B55 was isolated from cucumber root litter, and its degradation rates of ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid were 81.92% and 72.

Viral Communities Suppress the Earthworm Gut Antibiotic Resistome by Lysing Bacteria on a National Scale.

Earthworms are critical in regulating soil processes and act as filters for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Yet, the geographic patterns and main drivers of earthworm gut ARGs remain largely unknown. We collected 52 earthworm and soil samples from arable and forest ecosystems along a 3000 km transect across China, analyzing the diversity and abundance of ARGs using shotgun metagenomics.

Investigating the Mechanism of Cadmium-Tolerant Bacterium and Ryegrass Combined Remediation of Cadmium-Contaminated Soil.

Cadmium (Cd) pollution has been rapidly increasing due to the global rise in industries. Cd not only harms the ecological environment but also endangers human health through the food chain and drinking water. Therefore, the remediation of Cd-polluted soil is an imminent issue.

Using multi-omics to explore the effect of Bacillus velezensis SAAS-63 on resisting nutrient stress in lettuce.

To avoid the unreasonable use of chemical fertilizer, an environmentally friendly means of improving soil fertility is required. This study explored the role of the plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR) strain Bacillus velezensis SAAS-63 in improving nutrient stress in lettuce. Compared with no inoculation, B.

Using Mathematical Models to Study the Influences of Different Ratios of Chemical Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium on the Content of Soluble Protein, Vitamin C, and Soluble Sugar in Melon.

The current fertilizer recommendations for melon plantation have many limitations and exhibit deficiencies regarding future development. Therefore, in this study, the optimal quantities of fertilizer, in terms of the effects of single factors and interaction effects, are studied. There were significant interaction effects between N and P, N and K, P and K; the contents of soluble protein, vitamin C (Vc), and soluble sugar in melon could be improved using the optimal fertilization ratios.

Effects of straw returning combined with earthworm addition on nitrification and ammonia oxidizers in paddy soil.

Introduction: Soil ammonia oxidation, which acts as the first and rate-limiting step of nitrification, is driven by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox, amoA gene of clade-A and clade-B). Straw returning, widely used ecological technology in China, is an effective measure for promoting straw decomposition and soil nutrient cycling when combined with earthworm addition. However, the effects of straw returning combined with earthworm addition on soil ammonia oxidizers remain poorly understood.

Silicon modification improves biochar's ability to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato by enhancing root colonization of plant-beneficial bacteria.

Modification of biochar, such as impregnation with minerals, can improve biochar's efficacy to mitigate heavy metal toxicity in plants. Biochar amendments can alter plant rhizosphere microbiome, which has profound effects on plant growth and fitness. Here, we tested whether rhizosphere microbiome is involved in the ability of silicon (Si)-modified biochar to mitigate cadmium toxicity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.

Effects of fertilizer application on phthalate ester pollution and the soil microbial community in plastic-shed soil on long-term fertilizer experiment.

Due to the use of agricultural film, the pollution of phthalate esters (PAEs) in plastic-shed soils has attracted increasing attention. In this study, we used watermelon as a planting system and investigated the effects of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer application on the degradation of PAEs by evaluating soil nutrients and soil bacterial communities in plastic-shed soil. The dibutyl phthalate (DBP) concentration in the organic fertilizer soil was only 58.

Effects of A-5 and its fermented γ-polyglutamic acid on the rhizosphere bacterial community of Chinese cabbage.

Chemical fertilizer reduction combined with novel and green agricultural inputs has become an important practice to improve microecological health in agricultural production. Given the close linkages between rhizosphere processes and plant nutrition and productivity, understanding how fertilization impacts this critical zone is highly important for optimizing plant-soil interactions and crop fitness for agricultural sustainability. Here, by using a pot experimental system, we demonstrated that nitrogen fertilizer reduction and microbial agent application promoted plant fitness and altered the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil with the following treatments: no fertilization, CK; conventional chemical fertilizer, CF; 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer, N; 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer with pure γ-PGA, PGA; 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer with A-5, A5; 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer with γ-PGA fermentation broth, FJY.

Removal of sulfamethoxazole and antibiotic resistance genes in paddy soil by earthworms (Pheretima guillelmi): Intestinal detoxification and stimulation of indigenous soil bacteria.

Vermiremediation, which use earthworms to remove contaminants from soil, has been proven to be an alternative, low-cost technology. However, the effects of earthworm activity, especially the degraders in earthworm intestines, on the fate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX), and the effects of intestinal bacteria on degrading bacteria in soil are unclear. In this study, the effects of earthworms on the fate of SMX and related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated.

γ-Polyglutamic Acid Production, Biocontrol, and Stress Tolerance: Multifunction of A-5 and the Complete Genome Analysis.

A-5 has the capabilities of high-molecular-weight γ-PGA production, antagonism to plant pathogenic fungi, and salt/alkaline tolerance. This multifunctional bacterium has great potential for enhancing soil fertility and plant security in agricultural ecosystem. The genome size of A-5 was 4,190,775 bp, containing 1 Chr and 2 plasmids (pA and pB) with 43.

Straw return promoted the simultaneous elimination of sulfamethoxazole and related antibiotic resistance genes in the paddy soil.

Straw return could provide a natural available carbon source for the soil microorganisms, which might affect the environmental behaviours of organic pollutants. In this study, microcosm system was constructed to investigate the effect of rice straw return on the fate of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and related antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). The results showed that straw return (1% of soil dry mass) could accelerate the degradation of SMX via co-metabolism.

Effects of Biogas Slurry Combined With Chemical Fertilizer on Soil Bacterial and Fungal Community Composition in a Paddy Field.

The application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer in paddy fields can be a practical method to reduce the environmental risk and utilize the nutrients of biogas slurry. The responses of bacterial and fungal communities to the application of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer are important reflections of the quality of the ecological environment. In this study, based on a 3-year field experiment with different ratios of biogas slurry and chemical fertilizer (applying the same pure nitrogen amount), the Illumina MiSeq platform was used to investigate the bacterial and fungal community diversity and composition in paddy soil.

Soil bacterial community composition in rice-fish integrated farming systems with different planting years.

The high productivity and efficient nutrient utilization in rice-fish integrated farming system are well reported. However, the characteristics of soil bacterial communities and their relationship with soil nutrient availability in rice-fish field remain unclear. In this study, we selected three paddy fields, including a rice monoculture field and two rice-fish fields with different planting years, to investigate the soil bacterial community composition with Illumina MiSeq sequencing technology.

Effects of long-term integrated agri-aquaculture on the soil fungal community structure and function in vegetable fields.

The diversity and community structure of soil fungi play an important role in crop production and ecosystem balance, especially in paddy-upland vegetable field systems. High-throughput sequencing was used to study changes in the soil fungal community structure and function in paddy-upland vegetable field systems. The results showed that compared with traditional planting, the diversity and community structure of soil fungi were changed by the combination of flooding and drought, the Shannon index increased by 11.

Stochastic processes drive bacterial and fungal community assembly in sustainable intensive agricultural soils of Shanghai, China.

Sustainable intensive cropping systems have been implemented for three decades in suburban agricultural districts of Shanghai, China. These human-managed soils have been developed from paleosol or alluvial soils across different regions. However, little is known about the geographical distribution patterns of microbes and microbial community assembly in the sustainable intensive soils after decades of anthropogenic disturbances.

The Effects of Earthworms on Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Farmland Soil With Returned Straw.

Background: To promote the decomposition of returned straw, reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases caused by returned straw, and accelerate the conversion of straw carbon into soil carbon, we inoculated earthworms into fields with returned straw. The earthworms accelerated straw degradation and promoted carbon conversion. However, the impact of externally inoculated earthworms on the farmland soil ecosystem, especially the structure and the function of its microbial community, remains unclear.