Metabolomic insights into vitreous humor with therapy outcome in type 2 diabetic retinopathy.

Background: The therapeutic outcome for Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy (T2DR) following vitrectomy has been unsatisfactory, with no definitive biomarker available to predict treatment response. Identifying a biomarker correlated with treatment efficacy is crucial, as the vitreous-situated between the lens and retina-may influence retinal metabolic perturbations.

Methods: Vitreous samples were collected during vitrectomy, and their metabolic profiles were analyzed using Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS).

Myopic choroidal neovascularization with dilated choroid vessels is prone to progression into subretinal fibrosis following anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy: a retrospective study.

Background: This retrospective study aimed to identify risk factors for subretinal fibrosis (SF) and evaluate the response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV), with a specific focus on the role of dilated choroidal vessels (DCVs) in disease progression.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with high myopia (spherical equivalent < -6.0 D, pathological myopia, Asian ethnicity) and active mCNV lesions, diagnosed between 2021 to 2023, were evaluated.

Comparative analysis of macular characteristics in mCNV and contralateral eyes.

Purpose: To illustrate the characteristics of perforating scleral vessels in macular regions between mCNV eyes and contralateral eyes in unilateral mCNV patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study that included patients with unilateral naive mCNV. The study aimed to identify and analyze the distribution of perforating scleral vessels (PSVs) in the macular region of mCNV eyes and contralateral eyes.

Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Coverage With Autologous Blood Technique After Air-Fluid Exchange and Silicone Oil Tamponade for Extensive Macular Hole Retinal Detachment in Highly Myopic Eyes.

Purpose: To report a technique consisting of inverted internal limiting membrane (ILM) flap coverage with autologous blood after air-fluid exchange and silicone oil tamponade in treating extensive retinal detachment secondary to a myopic macular hole (MH).

Methods: This was a retrospective case series. 18 eyes with MHRD extending beyond the equator were included in this study with a minimum follow-up of 6 months.

Myopic choroidal neovascularization with neovascular signal around perforating scleral vessel prone to recur after anti-VEGF therapy.

Background: To compare the recurrence of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) based on the neovascular signal of mCNV around the perforating scleral vessel (PSV).

Methods: A consecutive series of naïve patients with mCNV accepted anti-VEGF therapy with a minimum 12-month follow-up period. The neovascular signal relationship between PSV and mCNV were classified into the presence of neovascular signal of CNV around PSV or not.

Retained Intraocular Iron Foreign Body Leading to Late-Onset Siderotic Glaucoma: A Challenging Case Report.

BACKGROUND A retained ferrous intraocular foreign body (IOFB), introduced via penetrating ocular trauma, may result in ocular siderosis and visual loss that may occur after days or years. If diagnosis is delayed, therapy may also be delayed, resulting in a poor outcome. The present report presents the case of a 58-year-old man with a retained iron IOFB and late-onset siderotic glaucoma 1 month after the initial trauma.

Perforating scleral vessels adjacent to myopic choroidal neovascularization achieved a poor outcome after intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy.

Background: This study aimed to summarize the features of perforating scleral vessels (PSVs) in patients with myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) (mCNV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and to identify the associations with the response after intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy.

Methods: A consecutive series of naïve patients who had mCNV and received intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy with a follow-up duration of 12 months or more were enrolled. The prevalence, location, and branches of PSVs were analyzed.

Hypodense regions in the peripapillary region increased the risk of macular retinoschisis detected by optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the clinical features of peripapillary regions in patients with myopic macular retinoschisis (MRS) and its association with the development of retinoschisis (RS).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, high-myopic patients with or without MRS were recruited, and the hypodense regions were analyzed in the peripapillary regions. The vitreoretinal adhesions around both macular and paravascular arcades were compared between groups.

Metabolomic Study of a Rat Model of Retinal Detachment.

Retinal detachment is a serious ocular disease leading to photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss. However, the mechanism of photoreceptor degeneration remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the altered metabolism pathway and physiological changes after retinal detachment.

Predictors of anti-VEGF efficacy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy based on intraocular cytokine levels and pigment epithelium detachment subtypes.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare intraocular cytokines among different types of pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and to investigate the association of cytokine levels and PED types with response to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods: We included 88 patients with chronic CSC and 30 controls. The anti-VEGF agent conbercept was given intravitreally to chronic CSC patients.

Choroidal remodeling distribution pattern in the macular region in Chinese young patients with myopia.

Background: The pathogenesis of myopia has been found to be associated with the blood supply of the choroid. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the distribution pattern of choroidal remodeling and the degree of myopia in young patients.

Methods: Young patients (age < 18 years) with the spherical equivalent of less than - 12 diopters (D) were included.

Secondary choroidal neovascularization due to choroidal osteoma after 9 years follow-up.

Background: Choroidal osteoma is a benign intraocular tumor that can increase risk of developing choroidal neovascularization. The visual prognosis is influenced by the tumor location, decalcification status, overlying RPE atrophy, presence of choroidal neovascularization, persistence of subretinal fluid and occurrence of subretinal hemorrhages.

Case Presentation: The authors present a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with choroidal osteoma of the right eye.

Photoreceptors Degenerate Through Pyroptosis After Experimental Retinal Detachment.

Purpose: Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is crucial in neuronal pyroptosis. GSDMD-N and GSDMD-C are two subdomains of the protein GSDMD. GSDMD-N is an executor of pyroptosis, and GSDMD-C has an inhibitory effect on pyroptotic cell death.

Association of sex with the global burden of glaucoma: an analysis from the global burden of disease study 2017.

Purpose: To investigate the association of sex with the global burden of glaucoma by year, age and socio-economic status using disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).

Method: The global, regional and national sex-specific DALY numbers, crude DALY rates and age-standardized DALY rates caused by glaucoma, by year and age, were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Human development index (HDI) in 2017 as a national socio-economic indicator was obtained from the Human Development Report.

Characteristics of Posterior Precortical Vitreous Pockets and Cloquet’s Canal in Patients with Myopia by Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To describe the morphological features of posterior precortical vitreous pockets (PPVP) and Cloquet's Canal in patients with myopia using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS OCT).

Methods: A total of 96 eyes of 51 volunteers (range, 5-18 years) were enrolled in this study, and all individuals underwent OCT (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) examinations.

Modulation of α-adrenoceptor signalling protects photoreceptors after retinal detachment by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation.

Background And Purpose: Currently available treatments do not halt progression of photoreceptor death and subsequent visual impairment related to retinal detachment (RD) which is observed in various retinal disorders. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of two adrenoceptor ligands, the α -adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin and the α -adrenoceptor agonist guanabenz, against photoreceptor cell death in RD.

Experimental Approach: We used a model of experimental RD in Brown-Norway rats induced by subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate.

Identification of novel PROM1 mutations responsible for autosomal recessive maculopathy with rod-cone dystrophy.

Purpose: To characterize two patients with macular and rod-cone dystrophy and identify the genetic basis for disease.

Method: Ophthalmic examinations were performed for the family and the peripheral blood samples were collected for whole exome sequencing. The mutated sequences of PROM1 gene were cloned and expressed in cultured cell lines after transient transfection followed by analysis with confocal microscopy and bridge-PCR.

Reliability of Vessel Density Measurements in the Peripapillary Retina and Correlation with Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Healthy Subjects Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of vessel density measurements in the peripapillary retina using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) and to analyze the correlation with retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in healthy subjects.

Method: Thirty-five healthy volunteers were recruited in the study. The optic disc region was scanned three times with spectral-domain OCT (SD-OCT) and split-spectrum amplitude decorrelation angiography by two skilled examiners.

Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission Preserves Photoreceptors after Retinal Detachment.

Photoreceptor degeneration is a leading cause of visual impairment worldwide. Separation of neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium is a prominent feature preceding photoreceptor degeneration in a variety of retinal diseases. Although ophthalmic surgical procedures have been well developed to restore retinal structures, postoperative patients usually experience progressive photoreceptor degeneration and irreversible vision loss that is incurable at present.

Autophagy activated by SIRT6 regulates Aβ induced inflammatory response in RPEs.

Age-associated dysfunction of retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPEs) is considered to be the initial trigger of retinal diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. Although autophagy is upregulated in RPEs during the course of aging, little is known about how autophagy is regulated and its functional role in RPEs. In this study, we found that expression of Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) and autophagic markers are upregulated in RPEs of aged mice where subretinal deposition of amyloid-β is accumulated and in amyloid-β stimulated RPEs.

Cooperation of Rel family members in regulating Aβ-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion by retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a hallmark component of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines from retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Previous studies have shown that p50/RelA (p65), a member of NF-κB family, is an essential pro-inflammatory transcription factor responding to Aβ stimulation, but few focused on the other two Rel transcription factor members - RelB and c-Rel - and their role in Aβ-mediated inflammation. It was reported that RelA, RelB and c-Rel are also implicated in various NF-κB-mediated inflammatory diseases.

Repeatability and Reproducibility of Foveal Avascular Zone Area Measurements Using AngioPlex Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Healthy Subjects.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area measurements using AngioPlex spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography in normal subjects.

Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects (25 eyes) underwent FAZ area measurements with AngioPlex OCT. Each volunteer was separately examined 3 consecutive times by the 2 experienced observers.

Clinical evaluation of rigid gas permeable contact lenses and visual outcome after repaired corneal laceration.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical value of rigid gas permeable contact lenses (RGPCLs) in patients with traumatic corneal scarring and address implications of primary corneal repair.

Methods: Eighteen subjects with a history of corneal laceration were fit with RGPCLs. Scar locations were divided into two zones; each patient was examined using Pentacam.