Association between long-term green space exposure and dry eye in China.

Purpose: To evaluate the association between green space exposure and dry eye.

Design: Part I: case-control study. Part II: cross-sectional study.

Photoreceptor metabolic window unveils eye-body interactions.

Photoreceptors are specialized neurons at the core of the retina's functionality, with optical accessibility and exceptional sensitivity to systemic metabolic stresses. Here we show the ability of risk-free, in vivo photoreceptor assessment as a window into systemic health and identify shared metabolic underpinnings of photoreceptor degeneration and multisystem health outcomes. A thinner photoreceptor layer thickness is significantly associated with an increased risk of future mortality and 13 multisystem diseases, while systematic analyses of circulating metabolomics enable the identification of 109 photoreceptor-related metabolites, which in turn elevate or reduce the risk of these health outcomes.

U-shaped association between residential greenness and keratoconus.

Keratoconus is a blinding corneal disorder influenced by genetic factors. Whether environmental factors influence it remains unclear. Here, we observed a U-shaped association between residential greenness and keratoconus, with increased odds ratios (ORs) at low and high greenness levels.

Initial Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Loss and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy Over a Four-Year Period.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the rapid rate of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) thinning in short-term is associated with the future risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: This prospective cohort study utilized 4-year follow-up data from the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study. The pRNFL thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Trajectories of choriocapillaris perfusion in healthy individuals and patients with diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study.

Purpose: To evaluate the longitudinal rate of choriocapillaris flow deficits (CFD) in healthy participants and patients with diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included healthy individuals and diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (non-DR) or with mild-to-moderate non-proliferative DR (NPDR). The swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) was adopted for quantifying CFD annually, and linear mixed models were used to analyse the CFD change and its 95% CI overtime.

Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Lacrimal Gland in Patients With Chronic Ocular Graft-Versus-Host Disease.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the image characteristics of the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland in patients with chronic ocular graft-versus-host disease (coGVHD) after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT).

Methods: This comparative cross-sectional study included 32 patients with coGVHD, 21 patients with severe aqueous tear deficiency dry eye, and 20 healthy control subjects. All subjects underwent an AS-OCT examination on the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland.

Handgrip strength and risks of diabetic vascular complications: Evidence from Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study and UK cohorts.

Purpose: The purpose is to investigate the association between handgrip strength (HGS) and the risk of future diabetic complications in multicountry cohorts.

Methods: The association between HGS and diabetic complications was evaluated using cox models among 84 453 patients with pre-diabetes and diabetes from the UK Biobank with a 12-year follow-up. The association between HGS and longitudinal microcirculatory damage rates was assessed among 819 patients with diabetes from the Guangzhou Diabetic Eye Study (GDES) with a 3-year follow-up.

In Vivo Visualization and Quantification of Optic Disc Microvasculature for Assessing Renal Dysfunction.

Objective: To assess the relationship between optic disc microvasculature and renal function in subjects with diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Participants: A total 1629 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without DR were recruited from the community of Guangzhou, China.

Optic Nerve Head Capillary Network Quantified by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography and Decline of Renal Function in Type 2 Diabetes: A Three-Year Prospective Study.

Purpose: To assess the association of optic capillary perfusion with decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and to clarify its added value.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.

Methods: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy (non-DR) underwent standardized examinations annually during a 3-year follow-up period.

The association of homocysteine level with the risk of diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy in NHANES.

Aims: To examine the association of homocysteine (Hcy) with diabetic nephropathy (DN) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a representative United States population.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data from participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2006. Metrics including Hcy level, urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and retinopathy grading were collected.

Longitudinal Choriocapillaris Vascular Density Changes in Different Types of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.

Purpose: To evaluate longitudinal changes in choriocapillaris perfusion in patients with glaucoma with four phenotypes of optic disc damage and to explore associated factors with decreased choriocapillaris vessel density (CVD).

Methods: This prospective longitudinal study included 96 eyes of 96 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients with POAG was differentiated into the optic disc phenotypes of focal ischemic type (FI), myopic type (MY), senile sclerotic type (SS), and generalized enlargement type (GE).

Quantitative analysis of choriocapillaris flow deficits and choroidal thickness in children with Marfan syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate the characteristics and associated factors of choroidal thickness (ChT) and choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CC FD%) in children with Marfan syndrome (MFS).

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The ChT of the subfoveal area and other areas 0.

Choriocapillaris Flow Deficit as a Biomarker for Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema: 3-Year Longitudinal Cohort.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CC FD%) by swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) and 3-year risk of diabetic retinopathy (DR) progression and diabetic macular edema (DME) development.

Design: Prospective, observational cohort study.

Methods: A total of 903 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) without DR or with mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR) free of DME at baseline were followed up annually for 3 years.

Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of extreme phenotypes in the identification of novel epigenetic modifications in diabetic retinopathy.

Background: Aberrant epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation may contribute to the pathogenesis of DR. We aimed at elucidating the role of novel DNA methylation modifications in diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using an extreme phenotypic design.

Methods/results: Two consecutive studies were conducted.

Choriocapillaris and progressive ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer loss in non-glaucomatous eyes.

Aims: To explore the relationship between choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficit percentage (FD%) and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in a population-based sample of non-glaucomatous eyes.

Methods: This is a longitudinal cohort study and prospective cross-sectional study. Non-glaucoma Chinese subjects aged 18 years or older were enrolled.

Axial Length and Choriocapillaris Flow Deficits in Non-pathological High Myopia.

Purpose: To examine the relationship between axial length (AL) and choriocapillaris (CC) flow deficits percentage (FD%) in non-pathological highly myopic eyes.

Design: Prospective cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study included Chinese patients with non-pathological high myopia, which was defined by an AL of > 26 mm and a META-PM classification grade of <2.

Choriocapillaris flow deficit and the risk of referable diabetic retinopathy: a longitudinal SS-OCTA study.

Aims: To investigate the association between the choriocapillaris flow deficit percentage (CC FD%) and the 1-year incidence of referable diabetic retinopathy (RDR) in participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: This prospective cohort study included participants with type 2 DM. The DR status was graded based on the ETDRS-7 photography.

Ocular Factors of Fractal Dimension and Blood Vessel Tortuosity Derived From OCTA in a Healthy Chinese Population.

Purpose: To identify the ocular factors of microvascular fractal dimension (FD) and blood vessel tortuosity (BVT) of macula measured with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) in a healthy Chinese population.

Methods: Healthy subjects without ocular disorders were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center. The FD and BVT in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP) at the macula were obtained from OCTA images.

Comparison of Non-contact Tonometry and Goldmann Applanation Tonometry Measurements in Non-pathologic High Myopia.

Purpose: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) values obtained using Goldmann applanation tonometry (IOP) and non-contact tonometry (IOP) in a non-pathologic high myopia population.

Methods: A total of 720 eyes from 720 Chinese adults with non-pathologic high myopia were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Demographic and ocular characteristics, including axial length, refractive error, central corneal thickness (CCT), and corneal curvature (CC) were recorded.

Assessment of Artifacts in Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography for Glaucomatous and Normal Eyes.

Purpose: To evaluate the frequency of and identify the factors that influence the artifacts of swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) in glaucomatous and normal eyes.

Methods: Artifacts of OCTA images of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and normal subjects were analyzed using SS-OCTA. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association of age, sex, best-corrected visual acuity, axial length (AL), intraocular pressure, presence and severity of OAG, and image quality score (IQS) with the presence of artifacts.

Macular and submacular choroidal microvasculature in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma and high myopia.

Aims: To characterise the influence of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and high myopia (HM) on the macular and choroidal capillary density (CD).

Methods: Two hundred and seven eyes were enrolled, including 80 POAG without HM, 50 POAG with HM, 31 HM without POAG and 46 normal controls. A fovea-centred 6×6 mm optical coherence tomography angiography scan was performed to obtain the CD of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP) and choriocapillaris.

Longitudinal Macular Retinal and Choroidal Microvasculature Changes in High Myopia.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the longitudinal changes in macular retinal and choroidal microvasculature in normal healthy and highly myopic eyes.

Methods: Seventy-one eyes, including 32 eyes with high myopia and 39 healthy control eyes, followed for at least 12 months and examined using optical coherence tomography angiography imaging in at least 3 visits, were included in this study. Fovea-centered 6 × 6 mm scans were performed to measure capillary density (CD) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), and choriocapillaris (CC).