Dipeptidyl peptidase 1 inhibitors and neutrophilic inflammation in bronchiectasis: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Bronchiectasis is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by predominantly neutrophilic inflammation, recurrent infection and pathological dilatation of the airways. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target infections and improving mucus clearance. However, no current treatment can directly ameliorate neutrophilic inflammation.

Risk of remnant cholesterol and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a mendelian randomization study.

Background: Remnant cholesterol (RC) represents the cholesterol of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins and is the portion of cholesterol other than both high-density (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Higher RC levels have been associated with heightened inflammation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been attributed mostly to cigarette smoking or environmental pollution.

Metal-driven anaerobic oxidation of methane and the Sturtian deglaciation.

The Sturtian and Marinoan glaciations shaped Neoproterozoic palaeoenvironmental evolution. While methane emission likely intensified the Marinoan greenhouse effect, its role during the Sturtian glaciation-coinciding with widespread iron formations (IFs)-remains poorly understood. Here, we analysed bio-essential metals (Ni, Co, Zn), rare earth elements and yttrium (REY), Fe (δFe) and Ni (δNi) isotopes in hematite and magnetite, alongside bulk-rock and in-situ C isotopes of Mn-rich carbonates from five well-preserved Sturtian-aged IFs in South China.

Tau PET positivity in individuals with and without cognitive impairment varies with age, amyloid-β status, APOE genotype and sex.

Tau positron emission tomography (PET) imaging allows in vivo detection of tau proteinopathy in Alzheimer's disease, which is associated with neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. Understanding how demographic, clinical and genetic factors relate to tau PET positivity will facilitate its use for clinical practice and research. Here we conducted an analysis of 42 cohorts worldwide (N = 12,048), including 7,394 cognitively unimpaired (CU) participants, 2,177 participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 2,477 participants with dementia.

A phase 4 multicentre, 2×2 factorial randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of tobramycin inhalation solution for eradication in bronchiectasis: ERASE.

Chronic (PA) infection significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality in bronchiectasis patients. Initiating antibiotics early may lead to the eradication of PA. Here we outline the design of a trial (ERASE; NCT06093191) assessing the efficacy and safety of inhaled tobramycin, alone or with oral ciprofloxacin, in bronchiectasis patients with a new isolation of PA.

Effects of occupational exposure to dust, gas, vapor and fumes on chronic bronchitis and lung function.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and therefore the identification of the modifiable risk factors [such as exposure to vapors, gases, dust and fumes (VGDF)] for accelerate disease progression has important significance.

Methods: We conducted COPD surveillance in six cities of southern China between 2014 and 2019. We recorded the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis, respiratory symptoms, occupational exposure to VGDF and other covariates by using a structured questionnaire.

Immunomodulatory effects and improved outcomes with cisplatin- versus carboplatin-based chemotherapy plus atezolizumab in urothelial cancer.

In metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC), cisplatin versus carboplatin leads to durable disease control in a subset of patients. The IMvigor130 trial reveals more favorable effects with atezolizumab combined with gemcitabine and cisplatin (GemCis) versus gemcitabine and carboplatin (GemCarbo). This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of cisplatin as a potential explanation for these observations.

Multimodal, broadly neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 identified by high-throughput native pairing of BCRs from bulk B cells.

TruAB Discovery is an approach that integrates cellular immunology, high-throughput immunosequencing, bioinformatics, and computational biology in order to discover naturally occurring human antibodies for prophylactic or therapeutic use. We adapted our previously described pairSEQ technology to pair B cell receptor heavy and light chains of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-binding antibodies derived from enriched antigen-specific memory B cells and bulk antibody-secreting cells. We identified approximately 60,000 productive, in-frame, paired antibody sequences, from which 2,093 antibodies were selected for functional evaluation based on abundance, isotype and patterns of somatic hypermutation.

Endobronchial optical coherence tomography or computed tomography for evaluating progression of bronchiectasis.

Background: The early radiological signs of progression in bronchiectasis remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to compare endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) and chest computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of radiological progression of bronchiectasis stratification of the presence (TW) or absence (TW) of thickened-walled bronchioles surrounding dilated bronchi in patients with bronchiectasis based on CT, and determine the risk factors.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we performed both chest CT and EB-OCT at baseline and 5-year follow-up, to compare changes in airway calibre metrics.

The BED-Pro Tool: facilitating the detection of bronchiectasis exacerbations.

https://bit.ly/3k2IH4p.

Airway clearance technique in the modern era of bronchiectasis management.

https://bit.ly/3V5h5by.

Effective vaccination strategy using SARS-CoV-2 spike cocktail against Omicron and other variants of concern.

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant harbors more than 30 mutations in its spike (S) protein. Circulating Omicron subvariants, particularly BA5 and other variants of concern (VOCs), show increased resistance to COVID-19 vaccines that target the original S protein, calling for an urgent need for effective vaccines to prevent multiple SARS-CoV-2 VOCs. Here, we evaluated the neutralizing activity and protection conferred by a BA1-S subunit vaccine when combined with or used as booster doses after, administration of wild-type S protein (WT-S).

Lineage-mosaic and mutation-patched spike proteins for broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine.

SARS-CoV-2 spread in humans results in continuous emergence of new variants, highlighting the need for vaccines with broad-spectrum antigenic coverage. Using inter-lineage chimera and mutation-patch strategies, we engineered a recombinant monomeric spike variant (STFK1628x) that contains key regions and residues across multiple SAR-CoV-2 variants. STFK1628x demonstrated high immunogenicity and mutually complementary antigenicity to its prototypic form (STFK).

Optimal target saturation of ligand-blocking anti-GITR antibody IBI37G5 dictates FcγR-independent GITR agonism and antitumor activity.

Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor (GITR) is a co-stimulatory receptor and an important target for cancer immunotherapy. We herein present a potent FcγR-independent GITR agonist IBI37G5 that can effectively activate effector T cells and synergize with anti-programmed death 1 (PD1) antibody to eradicate established tumors. IBI37G5 depends on both antibody bivalency and GITR homo-dimerization for efficient receptor cross-linking.

Research advances and clinical management of bronchiectasis: Chinese perspective.

Bronchiectasis is a debilitating chronic suppurative airway disease that confers a substantial burden globally. Despite the notable prevalence, research on bronchiectasis in mainland China remains in its infancy. Nevertheless, there has been a significant leap in the quantity and quality of research, which has contributed to the ever-improving clinical practice.

Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Efficacy of COVID-19 Hyperimmune Globulin from Vaccine-Immunized Plasma.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global public health threat. Hence, more effective and specific antivirals are urgently needed. Here, COVID-19 hyperimmune globulin (COVID-HIG), a passive immunotherapy, is prepared from the plasma of healthy donors vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine).

The benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in patients with COVID-19.

https://bit.ly/39JY3SU.

Single-cell dissection of cellular components and interactions shaping the tumor immune phenotypes in ovarian cancer.

Distinct T cell infiltration patterns, i.e., immune infiltrated, excluded, and desert, result in different responses to cancer immunotherapies.