Airway necrosis and granulation tissue formation caused by leading to severe upper airway obstruction: a case report.

Pulmonary Mucormycosis is a fatal infectious disease with high mortality rate. The occurrence of Mucormycosis is commonly related to the fungal virulence and the host's immunological defenses against pathogens. Mucormycosis infection and granulation tissue formation occurred in the upper airway was rarely reported.

Autologous Airway Basal Cell Transplantation Alleviates Airway Epithelium Defect in Recurrent Benign Tracheal Stenosis.

Background: Airway epithelium defects are a hallmark of recurrent benign tracheal stenosis (RBTS). Reconstructing an intact airway epithelium is of great importance in airway homeostasis and epithelial wound healing and has great potential for treating tracheal stenosis.

Methods: An experimental study was conducted in canines to explore the therapeutic effect of autologous basal cell transplantation in restoring airway homeostasis.

Endobronchial optical coherence tomography or computed tomography for evaluating progression of bronchiectasis.

Background: The early radiological signs of progression in bronchiectasis remain unclear. The objective of the present study was to compare endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) and chest computed tomography (CT) for the evaluation of radiological progression of bronchiectasis stratification of the presence (TW) or absence (TW) of thickened-walled bronchioles surrounding dilated bronchi in patients with bronchiectasis based on CT, and determine the risk factors.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we performed both chest CT and EB-OCT at baseline and 5-year follow-up, to compare changes in airway calibre metrics.

Airway morphological abnormalities of bronchiolitis assessed by endobronchial optical coherence tomography.

Background: A few studies have reported the medium-sized and small airway morphological abnormalities of bronchiolitis. Whether spirometry or impulse oscillometry (IOS) is correlated with airway remodeling of bronchiolitis remains unclear.

Objectives: Aiming to demonstrate the airway morphological abnormalities of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) assessed by endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT), and elucidate whether spirometric and IOS parameters have correlation with the airway remodeling of bronchiolitis.

Deep Learning-Based Segmentation of Airway Morphology from Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background: Manual measurement of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) images means a heavy workload in the clinical practice, which can also introduce bias if the subjective opinions of doctors are involved.

Objective: We aim to develop a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based EB-OCT image analysis algorithm to automatically identify and measure EB-OCT parameters of airway morphology.

Methods: The ResUNet, MultiResUNet, and Siamese network were used for analyzing airway inner area (Ai), airway wall area (Aw), airway wall area percentage (Aw%), and airway bifurcate segmentation obtained from EB-OCT imaging, respectively.

Hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping as a simple method for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodule.

Background: A feasible and economical bronchoscopic navigation method in guiding peripheral pulmonary nodule biopsy is lacking.

Objective: To investigate the utility of hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Methods: We developed a hierarchical clock-scale hand-drawn mapping for bronchoscopic navigation in peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Feasibility and Safety of Radiofrequency Ablation Guided by Bronchoscopic Transparenchymal Nodule Access in Canines.

Background: The treatment of pulmonary malignancies remains a challenge. The efficacy and safety of bronchoscopic radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of lung cancer are not well elucidated.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of RFA guided by bronchoscopic transparenchymal nodule access (BTPNA) in vivo.

A clinical and canine experimental study in small-airway response to bronchial thermoplasty: Role of the neuronal effect.

Background: The effects of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) on smooth muscle (SM) and nerves in small airways are unclear.

Methods: We recruited 15 patients with severe refractory asthma, who received BT treatment. Endobronchial optical-coherence tomography (EB-OCT) was performed at baseline, 3 weeks' follow-up and 2 years' follow-up to evaluate the effect of BT on airway structure.

Hybrid stenting with silicone Y stents and metallic stents in the management of severe malignant airway stenosis and fistulas.

Background: Airway stenting is frequently used in the palliative treatment of patients with advanced tumor-induced airway stenosis and fistulas. However, there is paucity of studies regarding the use of airway stents in restoring patency. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of hybrid silicon Y stents and covered self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) and in reestablishing patency in airway stenoses and fistulas.

Self-expanding covered metallic stents as a transition to silicone stent implantation in management of severe post-tuberculosis bronchial stenosis.

Background And Aims: Post-tuberculosis bronchial stenosis (PTBS) is one of the most common complications of tracheobronchial tuberculosis. Silicone stent serves as a major treatment for maintaining airway patency. However, silicone stent placement remains a large challenge in patients with severe cicatricial PTBS.

Postintubation Tracheal Stenosis Evaluated by Endobronchial Optical Coherence Tomography: A Canine Model Study.

Background: The predictors and airway morphological changes during the development of postintubation tracheal stenosis (PITS) have not been well elucidated.

Objectives: To elucidate the validation of endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT) in assessing the airway morphological changes in PITS.

Methods: We performed oral endotracheal intubation in 12 beagles to establish the PITS model.

Evaluation of the Normal Airway Morphology Using Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background: The anatomic location of small airways, the distribution of airway cartilage, and their correlation with ageing have not been well elucidated. The objective of this article was to explore the morphologic characteristics of small airways in vivo, and how airway structural changes correlate with age using endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT).

Methods: We recruited 112 subjects with peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Significances of spirometry and impulse oscillometry for detecting small airway disorders assessed with endobronchial optical coherence tomography in COPD.

Background: Spirometry confers limited value for identifying small-airway disorders (SADs) in early-stage COPD, which can be detected with impulse oscillometry (IOS) and endobronchial optical coherence tomography (EB-OCT). Whether IOS is useful for reflecting small-airway morphological abnormalities in COPD remains unclear.

Objectives: To compare the diagnostic value of spirometry and IOS for identifying SADs in heavy-smokers and COPD based on the objective assessment with EB-OCT.

Breathing Hydrogen-Oxygen Mixture Decreases Inspiratory Effort in Patients with Tracheal Stenosis.

Background: Hydrogen-oxygen mixture (H2-O2) may reduce airway resistance in patients with acute severe tracheal stenosis, yet data supporting the clinical use of H2-O2 are insufficient.

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of breathing H2-O2 in acute severe tracheal stenosis.

Methods: Thirty-five consecutive patients with severe acute tracheal stenosis were recruited in this prospective self-control study.

Performance evaluation of detecting circulating tumor cells and tumor cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic performances of detecting circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and tumor cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for peripheral lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 247 patients with lung cancer and 70 cases with benign lung disease were recruited in this study. Peripheral blood and BALF samples were collected, in which the tumor cells were enriched by negative immunomagnetic selection and detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of chromosome enumeration probe 8 (CEP8).

Serum KL-6 in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis: China compared historically with Germany and Japan.

Background: KL-6 is a biomarker of the severity of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP). We noticed a significant difference in the mean serum KL-6 level between Japanese and Caucasian patients. To assess the clinical value of serum KL-6 in Chinese PAP patients, and to compare the differences in serum KL-6 levels in Chinese patients and patients of other ethnicities.

Alveolar proteinosis in extremis: a critical case treated with whole lung lavage without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a rare idiopathic lung disease characterized by the accumulation of lipoproteinaceous material within the alveoli, which impairs gas transfer and decreases the ventilation/perfusion ratio, and can lead to respiratory failure. Whole lung lavage is the most effective therapy for pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, but may not be tolerated by patients with severe respiratory failure. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support is advocated for such patients to ensure appropriate oxygenation during lung lavage.

Clinical characteristics of tobacco smoke-induced versus biomass fuel-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Objective: To investigate differences in clinical features between tobacco smoke-induced and biomass fuel-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 206 patients with COPD caused by exposure to tobacco smoke and 81 cases of COPD caused by exposure to biomass fuels who received treatment in our hospital between 2011 March and 2014 March. Difference in general health status, clinical symptoms, the dyspnea score, and comorbidities between the two groups were compared.

[The cause and efficacy of benign tracheal stenosis].

Objective: To analysis the causes of benign tracheal stenosis and evaluate the curative effect of intraluminal bronchoscopic treatment.

Methods: 158 patients with benign tracheal stenosis in our hospital from September 2005 to September 2012 were collected to retrospectively analysis the causes and clinic features of tracheal stenosis. Interventional treatments through bronchoscopy were used to treat the benign tracheal stenosis and the curative effects were evaluated.