A medium-bandgap acceptor incorporating a novel electron-rich building block enables efficient organic photovoltaics.

Organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have emerged as a highly promising renewable energy technology due to their solution-processability, mechanical flexibility, and potential for low-cost manufacturing. Despite remarkable progress, further improving the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) remains a critical challenge for their commercial applications. The incorporation of medium-bandgap non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) as third components in ternary OPV devices has proven particularly effective in enhancing device performance.

Designing Nonplanar Electron Acceptors for High-Performance Organic Photodetectors: Mechanism Analysis and Application in Gesture Recognition.

Realizing low dark current density () while maintaining high photoresponse is crucial yet challenging for organic photodetectors (OPDs). In this work, two nonplanar small molecule electron acceptors, BTTPCN-F and BTTPCN-Cl, were developed. The OPDs based on them achieved ultralow down to 2.

Real-Time Motion Management for a Small Target in the Right Lower Lobe With Large Tumor Motion Using Radixact Synchrony: A Case Report.

Accurate real-time motion tracking is crucial for effective stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) in lung cancer patients, particularly those with significant tumor motion. Techniques to reduce tumor motion, such as abdominal compression, breath hold, or respiratory gating, are often uncomfortable or result in longer treatment times. The Radixact Synchrony system (Accuray Inc.

Impacts of co-mutations in oligometastatic and oligoprogressive non-small cell lung cancer with mutations-a narrative review of the current literature.

Background And Objective: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains one of the primary causes of cancer mortality globally, with an increasing focus on advanced targeted therapies. Despite these advancements, oligometastatic NSCLC, particularly cases with actionable mutations such as those in epidermal growth factor receptor () and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (), presents unique therapeutic challenges and opportunities for improved outcomes. Recent studies indicate that consolidative local ablative therapies (LAT) such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) combined with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) may enhance progression-free and overall survival for patients with oligometastatic NSCLC harboring these mutations.

Clinical characteristics of the early responders in the treatment of chronic cough.

Background: Chronic cough (CC) is defined by cough more than 8 weeks. Common causes of CC are upper airway cough syndrome (UACS), asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis (EB), and gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). However, we do not know the characteristics of responding to treatment early.

Kernel Conversion Improves the Correlation between the Extent of Emphysema and Clinical Parameters in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: Computed tomography (CT) scans are utilized to assess emphysema, a prominent phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Variability in CT protocols and equipment across hospitals can impact accuracy. This study aims to implement kernel conversion across different CT settings and evaluate changes in the correlation between the emphysema index pre- and post-kernel conversion, along with clinical measures in COPD patients.

Radiobiologically equivalent deformable dose mapping for re-irradiation planning: Implementation, robustness, and dosimetric benefits.

Background: Re-irradiation in radiotherapy presents complexities that require dedicated tools to generate optimal re-treatment plans. This study presents a robust workflow that considers fractionation size, anatomical variations between treatments, and cumulative bias doses to improve the re-irradiation planning process.

Methods: The workflow was automated in MIM® Software and the Elekta© Monaco® treatment planning system.

Arachidonic acid metabolism is involved in the detoxification and recognition of Phytophthora sojae to benzoxazinones.

Background: Phytophthora sojae (Kaufmann and Gerdemann), a pathogenic oomycete, causes one of the most destructive soybean diseases, Phytophthora root and stem rot (PRR). Previous studies have shown that benzoxazines (BXs) such as 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA) and benzoxazoline-2-one (BOA) in maize root exudates inhibit the chemotaxis of zoospores, as well as the mycelial growth and pathogenicity of P. sojae.

Nationwide study of chronic codeine use and its impact on cough related diseases in South Korea.

Codeine is widely used to control coughs, although concerns about its overuse arise due to its side-effects. This study aimed to evaluate the status of codeine usage according to various medical conditions. The Korean National Health Insurance Service sample cohort was analyzed.

The Outcome of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with Lymphoma and the Risk Factors for the Development of Pneumonia.

Background: Although patients with lymphoma appear particularly vulnerable to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, the clinical evolution of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a patient with lymphoid malignancies has been under-represented, especially in relation to chemo-, chemo-immunotherapy.

Materials And Methods: Among adult patients with lymphoma receiving treatment in a specialized lymphoma center at a 500-bed, university-affiliated hospital, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection from January 2020 to April 2022.

Results: A total of 117 patients with a median age of 53 years were included.

Breathlessness, Frailty, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults.

Background: Breathlessness shares aging mechanisms with frailty and sarcopenia.

Research Question: Are frailty and sarcopenia associated with breathlessness itself?

Study Design And Methods: We analyzed data from a population-based, prospective cohort study of 780 community-dwelling older adults. Breathlessness was defined using the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (≥ 2 points) and the COPD Assessment Test (≥ 10 points).

Seasonality of common respiratory viruses: Analysis of nationwide time-series data.

Background And Objective: Understanding the seasonal behaviours of respiratory viruses is crucial for preventing infections. We evaluated the seasonality of respiratory viruses using time-series analyses.

Methods: This study analysed prospectively collected nationwide surveillance data on eight respiratory viruses, gathered from the Korean Influenza and Respiratory Surveillance System.

Improving Photocleavage Efficiency of Photocleavable Protein for Antimicrobial Peptide Histatin 1 Expression.

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising alternative agents for antibiotics to overcome antibiotic resistance problems. But, it is difficult to produce large-scale antimicrobial research due to the toxicity towards expression hosts or degradation by peptidases in the host. Therefore, heterologous recombinant expression of antimicrobial peptides has always been a challenging issue.

Obtaining organ-specific radiobiological parameters from clinical data for radiation therapy planning of head and neck cancers.

Different radiation therapy (RT) strategies, e.g. conventional fractionation RT (CFRT), hypofractionation RT (HFRT), stereotactic body RT (SBRT), adaptive RT, and re-irradiation are often used to treat head and neck (HN) cancers.

Effect of Broncho-Vaxom (OM-85) on the frequency of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations.

Background: Efforts have been made to reduce the risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations using a variety of measures. Broncho-Vaxom (BV) is an immunomodulating agent that has shown potential benefit by balancing between immune stimulation and regulation in patients with COPD. In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of BV for reducing the risk of COPD exacerbations.

Bone-modifying agents for non-small-cell lung cancer patients with bone metastases during the era of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A narrative review.

During the course of lung cancer progression, bone metastases occur in about 40% of patients. Common complications associated with bone metastases in lung cancer patients include musculoskeletal pain, pathologic fractures, spinal cord compression, and hypercalcemia. We discuss the efficacy of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in reducing skeletal-related events (SREs) and improving cancer-related outcomes, particularly in patients with stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer with bone metastases.

Optimal timing for local ablative treatment of bone oligometastases in non-small cell lung cancer.

Oligometastases is a term commonly used to describe a disease state characterized by a limited number of distant metastases, and represents a transient phase between localized and widespread systemic diseases. This subgroup of stage IV cancer has increased in clinical importance due to the possibility of curative rather than palliative treatment. Among advanced lung cancer patients, 30-40% show bone metastases, and can show complications such as pathological fractures.

Delphi Survey on the Current and Future Korean Guidelines for Isoniazid-Monoresistant Tuberculosis.

Purpose: Isoniazid-monoresistant tuberculosis (Hr-TB) has emerged as a global challenge, necessitating detailed guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment. We aim to consolidate the Korean guidelines for Hr-TB management by gathering expert opinions and reaching a consensus.

Patients And Methods: A conventional Delphi method involving two rounds of surveys was conducted with 96 experts selected based on their clinical and research experience and involvement in nationwide tuberculosis studies and development of the Korean guidelines on tuberculosis.