Acute Care for Elders Risk Score: A Practical Machine Learning-Based Tool for Screening High-Risk Older Inpatients.

Objectives: To develop and validate a machine learning-based risk score-the Acute Care for Elders (ACE) Risk Score-that integrates the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) with readily available clinical and laboratory data to predict adverse outcomes in older hospitalized patients.

Design: A retrospective cohort study using a machine learning framework (AutoScore) to develop an interpretable clinical risk score.

Setting And Participants: This study included 21,757 hospital admissions of patients aged ≥65 years at a tertiary academic hospital between May 2021 and November 2023.

Elevated Serum Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase as a Risk Factor for Frailty in Older Men: A Nationwide Population-Based Study.

Background: Oxidative stress is a key driver of accelerated ageing, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), an essential enzyme involved in the metabolism of glutathione, a major antioxidant, plays a pivotal role in the generation of free radical species. This study aimed to explore the potential utility of circulating GGT as a biomarker of frailty, which reflects biological ageing and overall health status.

Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study included 2526 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older, using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Standardized Measurement of Muscle Strength and Physical Performance for Sarcopenia: An Expert-Based Delphi Consensus.

Background: Despite updated sarcopenia guidelines, inconsistent protocols still cause clinical confusion and may compromise diagnostic and outcome accuracy. This Delphi study aimed to establish expert consensus to support the standardization of muscle strength and physical performance assessments for sarcopenia.

Methods: A two-round modified Delphi study was conducted with 26 experts in geriatrics and sarcopenia.

Impact of Potentially Inappropriate Medication on Disability and Mortality in Older Adults: Nationwide Population-Based Study in Korea.

Background: Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in older adults. However, the long-term effects of PIMs, particularly considering frailty and polypharmacy, remain unclear.

Methods: We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service and the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages (NSPTA) in Korea, including individuals aged 66 who participated between 2015 and 2016.

Detrimental Effects of β2-Microglobulin on Muscle Metabolism: Evidence From In Vitro, Animal and Human Research.

Background: β2-Microglobulin (B2M) has garnered considerable interest as a potential pro-ageing factor, leading to speculation about its involvement in muscle metabolism and the development of sarcopenia, a key component of ageing phenotypes. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the impact of B2M on cellular and animal muscle biology, as well as its clinical implications concerning sarcopenia parameters in older individuals.

Methods: In vitro myogenesis was induced in mouse C2C12 myoblasts with 2% horse serum.

Effect of Exercise and Nutrition Intervention for Older Adults with Impaired Physical Function with Preserved Muscle Mass (Functional Sarcopenia): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Functional sarcopenia is characterized by decreased physical performance and grip strength despite preserved muscle mass. The effectiveness of a program combining exercise and nutritional support-known interventions for individuals with low muscle mass-was evaluated for its impact on older adults with functional sarcopenia.

Methods: An unblinded, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted in a public medical center in a rural Korean community.

Higher serum resistin levels and increased frailty risk in older adults: Implications beyond metabolic function.

Background: Despite the pleiotropic role of resistin as an adipokine, its association with frailty-an indicator of biologic age and overall well-being in humans-remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the potential of circulating resistin as a biomarker for frailty.

Methods: The study included 228 older adults aged 65 years or older who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment.

Prevalence of Mortality and Vascular Complications in Older Patients with Diabetes in Korea.

Backgruound: This study investigated the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and impaired fasting glucose, as well as their management and comorbidities among older Korean adults.

Methods: Data from 269,447 individuals aged 65 years and older from the Korean National Health Insurance Service between 2000 and 2019 were analyzed to evaluate trends in DM prevalence, healthcare utilization, mortality, and complications.

Results: Among 269,447 individuals, 18.

Circulating apelin levels fail to link sarcopenia-related muscle parameters in older adults.

Background: Based on the compelling experimental evidence supporting apelin's beneficial effects on muscle metabolism, our study aimed to evaluate the role of circulating apelin levels as a biomarker for muscle health in humans.

Methods: This investigation employed a cross-sectional design, encompassing 237 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years who underwent comprehensive geriatric evaluations in South Korea. Sarcopenia diagnosis was based on Asian-specific criteria, and serum apelin concentrations were determined using enzyme immunoassay techniques.

Elevated Serum IL-6 as a Negative Prognostic Biomarker in Glioblastoma: Integrating Bioinformatics and Clinical Validation.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor, necessitating the discovery of reliable serum prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in GBM patients. Bioinformatics analysis via gene set enrichment analysis was conducted on The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq data to explore the pathways enriched in samples with high expression.

Higher Circulating Resistin Levels Linked to Increased Sarcopenia Risk in Older Adults.

Context: Experimental evidence indicates that resistin, an adipokine, negatively impacts muscle metabolism by hindering myogenesis.

Objective: To explore resistin's potential as a biomarker of muscle health in humans by examining the relationship between circulating resistin levels and sarcopenia in older adults.

Design And Setting: A case-control study conducted in a geriatric clinical unit.

Breathlessness, Frailty, and Sarcopenia in Older Adults.

Background: Breathlessness shares aging mechanisms with frailty and sarcopenia.

Research Question: Are frailty and sarcopenia associated with breathlessness itself?

Study Design And Methods: We analyzed data from a population-based, prospective cohort study of 780 community-dwelling older adults. Breathlessness was defined using the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (≥ 2 points) and the COPD Assessment Test (≥ 10 points).

Higher serum uric acid as a risk factor for frailty in older adults: A nationwide population-based study.

Background: Uric acid (UA), the terminal breakdown product of purine metabolism, possesses contradictory roles, functioning both as an inflammatory mediator and as an antioxidant. Its clinical relevance, particularly in geriatric populations, remains a topic of ongoing debate. Aiming to elucidate whether circulating UA is detrimental or beneficial to human health, we investigate the association between serum UA concentrations and the frailty index-a comprehensive measure of biological aging in a nationally representative cohort of community-dwelling older adults.

A link between systemic low-grade inflammation and frailty in older adults: clinical evidence from a nationwide population-based study.

Background/aims: Despite the possible role of systemic low-grade inflammation on frailty, the majority of previous studies have focused solely on the phenotypic frailty with limited participant numbers, thereby weakening the evidence supporting the notion that circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) could be a potential frailty biomarker.

Methods: This study is a nationally representative, population-based, cross-sectional analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, involving 5,359 participants aged 65 and older. We generated a deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) based on 38 items, encompassing physical, cognitive, psychological, and social status.

Future Blood Debt: Projecting Blood Supply and Demand of Korea Based on Subnational Population Projections (2021-2050).

Background: South Korea faces a critical challenge with its rapidly declining fertility rates and an increasingly aging population, which significantly impacts the country's blood supply and demand. Despite these nationwide trends, regional disparities in blood supply and demand have not been thoroughly studied.

Methods: This research utilized blood donation data from the Korean Red Cross and blood transfusion data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service.

Sarcopenia as the Mobility Phenotype of Aging: Clinical Implications.

Sarcopenia, which is characterized by an age-related decline in muscle mass and function, poses significant challenges to geriatric care. Its definition has evolved from muscle-specific criteria to include muscle mass, muscle function, and physical performance, recognizing sarcopenia as a physical frailty. Sarcopenia is associated with adverse outcomes, including mortality, falls, fractures, cognitive decline, and admission to long-term care facilities.

Geriatric Medicine in South Korea: A Stagnant Reality amidst an Aging Population.

In the face of an ever-increasing wave of an aging population, this paper provides an update on the current status of geriatric medicine in Korea, comparing it with global initiatives and suggesting future directions. Older adults require a multifaceted approach, addressing not only comorbidity management but also unmet complex medical needs, nutrition, and exercise to prevent functional decline. In this regard, the World Health Organization's Integrated Care for Older People guidelines underscore the importance of patient-centered primary care in preventing a decline in intrinsic capacity.

Phenotype validation of the Korean working group on sarcopenia guideline.

Background: This study aimed to validate the proposed Korean Working Group on Sarcopenia (KWGS) guideline, which introduces the concept of functional sarcopenia, in older Korean adults.

Methods: Data from the Aging Study of Pyeongchang Rural Area, a longitudinal cohort of community-dwelling older adults, were utilized to compare frailty status and institutionalization-free survival among participants according to sarcopenia status. Based on the KWGS guideline, severe sarcopenia was defined as low muscle mass and strength with slow gait speed; sarcopenia (not severe) was defined as low muscle mass with low muscle strength or slow gait speed; and functional sarcopenia was defined as low muscle strength and slow gait speed without low muscle mass.

Higher Plasma Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Is Associated with Lower Risk for Sarcopenia in Older Asian Adults.

Backgruound: Despite the protective effects of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) in stimulating muscle regeneration shown in experimental research, there is a lack of clinical studies linking circulating SDF-1 concentrations with muscle phenotypes. In order to elucidate the role of SDF-1 as a potential biomarker reflecting human muscle health, we investigated the association of plasma SDF-1 levels with sarcopenia in older adults.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 97 community-dwelling participants who underwent a comprehensive geriatric assessment at a tertiary hospital in South Korea.