Use of Double Cages for Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion: A Comparison of 3-Dimensional-Printed Titanium and Polyetheretherketone Cages.

Background: This study aimed to compare a 3-dimensional (3D)-printed titanium cage with a polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage in biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (BETLIF) using a double cage construct, evaluate differences in fusion stability and subsidence between the 2 cage types, and analyze factors influencing subsidence.

Methods: We retrospectively examined 89 patients who underwent BETLIF using a double cage (3D-printed titanium, 48 levels; PEEK, 46 levels). Fusion status and subsidence were assessed using dynamic plain lateral lumbar spine radiographs and computed tomography images at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively.

Inhibitory Effects of 3-Deoxysappanchalcone on Particulate-Matter-Induced Pulmonary Injury.

Fine particulate matter (PM) exposure has been linked to increased lung damage due to compromised vascular barrier function, while 3-deoxysappanchalcone (3-DSC), a chalcone derived from , is known for its pharmacological benefits such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects; however, its potential role in mitigating PM-induced pulmonary damage remains unexplored. To confirm the inhibitory effects of 3-DSC on PM-induced pulmonary injury, this research focused on evaluating how 3-DSC influences PM-induced disruption of the barrier of the endothelial cells (ECs) in the lungs and the resulting pulmonary inflammation. Permeability, leukocyte migration, proinflammatory protein activation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and histology were assessed in PM-treated ECs and mice.

Initial Growth Mechanism and Microstructural Evolution of Sub-10 nm Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Films.

Thin-film components employed in modern semiconductor fabrication are becoming increasingly ultrathin, often exhibiting porous, nonuniform structures with open surfaces that exhibit properties distinct from those of the bulk materials. Precise characterization of these ultrathin layers is essential to optimize device performance. However, conventional characterization techniques often lack the sensitivity necessary for the analysis of films thinner than 10 nm.

Martinostat as a novel HDAC inhibitor to overcome tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) remains a therapeutic challenge, particularly in patients who develop resistance to standard tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib. Here, we present the first demonstration of the potent anti-leukemic activity of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor martinostat in both TKI-sensitive and TKI-resistant CML.

Methods And Results: Structural and biochemical analyses confirmed the efficient and selective binding of martinostat to HDAC isoenzyme ligand-binding pockets, resulting in histone and tubulin hyperacetylation in both imatinib-sensitive and resistant CML cells, outperforming vorinostat, a clinically used HDAC inhibitor (HDACi).

Bavachin enhances paclitaxel sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells through modulation of mitochondrial function and ER stress.

Bavachin, a bioactive phytoestrogen from , has shown promising therapeutic potential in various cancers, but its effects on ovarian cancer remain unexplored. In this study, we investigate the anti-cancer mechanisms of bavachin in ES2 and OV90 ovarian cancer cells and its potential to enhance paclitaxel sensitivity. Bavachin significantly inhibited cell proliferation and spheroid formation while inducing caspase-dependent apoptosis through modulation of Bcl-2 family proteins.

SRT2104 enhances dendritic outgrowth and spine formation through Sirtuin 1-mediated mTORC1 signaling.

Impaired neuroplasticity is a one of the key pathological mechanism of depression. Sirtuin 1 plays a crucial role in neuroplasticity; however, its precise mechanisms remain unclear. This study examined whether sirtuin 1 regulates dendritic outgrowth and spine formation via mTORC1 signaling in rat primary cortical cells under dexamethasone-induced neurotoxic conditions.

Identification and Verification of Necroptosis-Related Genes in Patients With Sepsis by Bioinformatic Analysis and Molecular Experiments.

Although necroptosis is an emerging mechanism of multiple organ dysfunction in sepsis, data on the mechanistic link between necroptosis and sepsis are scarce. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to compare the gene profiles between the sepsis (n = 133) and healthy control (n = 12) groups and identify necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The identified necroptosis-related DEGs were verified by three-step molecular experiments: (1) quantitative real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; (2) cell culture, transfection and Western blotting; and (3) cytokine array with apoptosis inhibition.

Exploring methylation signatures for high de novo recurrence risk in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background/aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exhibits high de novo recurrence rates post-resection. Current post-surgery recurrence prediction methods are limited, emphasizing the need for reliable biomarkers to assess recurrence risk. We aimed to develop methylation-based markers for classifying HCC patients and predicting their risk of de novo recurrence post-surgery.

Advanced technique of biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for revision surgery: a technical note.

The application area of biportal endoscopic spine surgery (BESS) is gradually expanding. Compared with conventional fusion surgery, transforaminal interbody fusion (TLIF) using BESS (BESS-TLIF) has the advantages of less bleeding, minimal postoperative pain, and faster recovery. This technical note highlights its application in managing complex conditions such as scar tissue adhesion, altered anatomy, and implant removal, common in reoperations.

O-arm navigation-based transforaminal unilateral biportal endoscopic discectomy for upper lumbar disc herniation: an innovative preliminary study.

Study Design: Technical case report.

Purpose: To present a novel navigation-assisted transforaminal unilateral biportal endoscopy (UBE) lumbar discectomy technique for managing upper lumbar disc herniation.

Overview Of Literature: Upper lumbar disc herniation is significantly less common than lower lumbar disc herniation, accounting for only 1%-2% of cases.

Detrimental Effects of β2-Microglobulin on Muscle Metabolism: Evidence From In Vitro, Animal and Human Research.

Background: β2-Microglobulin (B2M) has garnered considerable interest as a potential pro-ageing factor, leading to speculation about its involvement in muscle metabolism and the development of sarcopenia, a key component of ageing phenotypes. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a comprehensive investigation into the impact of B2M on cellular and animal muscle biology, as well as its clinical implications concerning sarcopenia parameters in older individuals.

Methods: In vitro myogenesis was induced in mouse C2C12 myoblasts with 2% horse serum.

Complete genome sequence of type A strain (X58540) isolated from cattle feces.

The full genome sequence of type A strain X58540 found in fecal samples from cattle exhibiting clinical symptoms of chronic botulism is presented here. The genome of X58540 consists of 2,371,631 bp with a GC content of 28.17% and is predicted to include 2,157 coding sequences.

Design and Synthesis of Hydroxamate-Based Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Inhibitors for Anti-Photoaging.

Matrix metalloproteinases-2 (MMP-2) is crucial for collagen degradation at the dermal-epidermal junction, contributing to skin aging and photoaging. This study presents a series of hydroxamate-based inhibitors selectively targeting MMP-2. Through structure-activity relationship analysis, we systematically modified the -arylsulfonyl group and amino acid backbone to enhance MMP-2 selectivity.

Integrating acute care surgery in South Korea: enhancing trauma and non-trauma emergency care.

Background: Trauma surgery is a fundamental aspect of medicine. According to the 2023 mortality report from Statistics Korea, external factors such as intentional self-harm and transportation incidents are leading causes of death among individuals aged 10 to 30, accounting for 7.9% of overall mortality.

Dexmedetomidine-associated hypothermia in critical trauma: A case report and literature analysis.

Rationale: Hypothermia, defined as a core body temperature below 35°C, is a common and serious complication in severe trauma patients, often worsened by hemorrhage and medical interventions. Dexmedetomidine, an α2-adrenergic agonist used for sedation in intensive care units, has known thermoregulatory effects; however, its association with hypothermia in trauma patients remains insufficiently explored.

Patient Concerns: A 40-year-old male with severe polytrauma from a motor vehicle accident presented in distress, with hypotension, tachycardia, and a baseline temperature of 35.

How does young adults' dietary and health-related quality of life vary by food security and household income?

Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the dietary and health-related quality of life of young adults according to their household income and food security status.

Methods: To conduct this study, 10,224 young adults aged 19-34 years who participated in the 2008-2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were selected. Subjects were categorized into four groups based on household income and food security: 'food secure and high income,' 'food insecure and high income,' 'food secure and low income,' and 'food insecure and low income'.

Epidemiology, timing, technique, and outcomes of tracheostomy in patients with trauma: a multi-centre retrospective study.

Background: Tracheostomy is performed in patients with trauma who need prolonged ventilation for respiratory failure or airway management. Although it has benefits, such as reduced sedation and easier care, it also has risks. This study explored the unclear timing, technique, and patient selection criteria for tracheostomy in patients with trauma.

What Is the Difference Between Laboratory-Scale and Pilot-Scale Grape-Based Products for Older Adults with Chewing Difficulties?

This study was conducted to develop a grape product that can facilitate fruit intake for elderly people with chewing difficulties. In addition, the possibility of field application for future prototype production was investigated by comparing laboratory-scale (lab-scale) and pilot-scale production. The stages (stage 1: able to eat with teeth, stage 2: able to eat with gums, stage 3: able to eat with tongue) of the products were determined according to the Korean Industrial Standards for Seniors Friendly Foods (KS H 4897), and the physicochemical composition was measured according to the general test method of the Food Code.

Structural relationships between psychological factors and college adjustment among medical students in South Korea: focusing on helicopter parenting and respectful parenting.

Purpose: This study aims to determine the impact of helicopter parenting and respectful parenting on medical students' mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment.

Methods: This study constructed a hypothetical model based on the relationship between helicopter parenting, respectful parenting, mindset, grit, self-directedness, and college adjustment. It set up a structural model to test the fit of the model based on empirical data.

Automated cell tracking using 3D nnUnet and Light Sheet Microscopy to quantify regional deformation in zebrafish.

Light Sheet Microscopy (LSM) in conjunction with embryonic zebrafish, is rapidly advancing three-dimensional, characterization of myocardial contractility. Preclinical cardiac deformation imaging is predominantly restricted to a low-order dimensionality image space (2D) or suffers from poor reproducibility. In this regard, LSM has enabled high throughput, non-invasive 4D (3d+time) characterization of dynamic organogenesis within the transparent zebrafish model.

Predicting 30-day mortality in severely injured elderly patients with trauma in Korea using machine learning algorithms: a retrospective study.

Purpose: The number of elderly patients with trauma is increasing; therefore, precise models are necessary to estimate the mortality risk of elderly patients with trauma for informed clinical decision-making. This study aimed to develop machine learning based predictive models that predict 30-day mortality in severely injured elderly patients with trauma and to compare the predictive performance of various machine learning models.

Methods: This study targeted patients aged ≥65 years with an Injury Severity Score of ≥15 who visited the regional trauma center at Chungbuk National University Hospital between 2016 and 2022.

Sustainable separation of molybdenum from mixed mineral acids generated as semiconductor industry waste streams using tributyl phosphate (TBP) by effects of hybrid machine learning models.

This study explores the separation and optimization of molybdenum (Mo) from mixed mineral acids derived from semiconductor industry waste streams with tributyl phosphate (TBP) by implementing machine learning (ML) models. Considerable experimental tests were performed to evaluate the impact of various operational variables on the effectiveness of Mo extraction and stripping. The support vector regression (SVR) paired with harmony search algorithm (HSA), genetic algorithm (GA), and shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA) were employed for enhancement in the separation process and structural optimization.