Development of antibodies against severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus nucleoprotein for diagnosis.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging viral infectious disease caused by a novel Bandavirus in the family Phenuiviridae. The SFTS virus (SFTSV) is transmitted to various hosts, including humans, through tick bites, leading to high fever, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia, with a high case fatality rate (up to 30%) due to multiple organ dysfunction. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and preventing disease transmission.

The Effects of Explainability and User Control on Algorithmic Transparency: The Moderating Role of Algorithmic Literacy.

As algorithms increasingly shape user experiences on digital platforms, concerns have emerged regarding their opacity and potential negative consequences. In response, platforms have introduced transparency features such as algorithm-based recommendation explanations and user control features. However, empirical research on the effects of these approaches and how they vary according to user characteristics remains limited.

Novel CXCR2 antibodies exhibit enhanced anti-tumor activity in pancreatic cancer.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are crucial in several physiological and pathological processes and are associated with numerous diseases across all therapeutic areas. Antibodies are well-established therapeutics with better selectivity, stability, and half-life than small molecules and peptides. CXC motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and its ligands play functional roles in the progression and metastasis of tumors and activation and trafficking of inflammatory mediators.

Integrating acute care surgery in South Korea: enhancing trauma and non-trauma emergency care.

Background: Trauma surgery is a fundamental aspect of medicine. According to the 2023 mortality report from Statistics Korea, external factors such as intentional self-harm and transportation incidents are leading causes of death among individuals aged 10 to 30, accounting for 7.9% of overall mortality.

Adjuvant Radiation Sparing after Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and TORS in Selected HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Cancer.

Objective: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has shown promising results in treating human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), and there has been increasing interest in incorporating neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) prior to TORS. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of sparing adjuvant RT following NCT and TORS.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with HPV-positive OPSCC who underwent NCT followed by TORS without adjuvant RT.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by definitive local treatment in locally advanced sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma.

Background: Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare disease entity, comprising less than 5% of malignancies of the head and neck. While surgery is the primary treatment approach, neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies play crucial roles in enhancing the prognosis of patients undergoing treatment with the goal of cure. In this study, we aimed to explore the treatment outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in patients with locally advanced sinonasal SCC.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by transoral robotic surgery versus upfront surgery for locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma: A propensity score matched analysis.

Background: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) performed after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is a promising treatment for advanced-stage oropharyngeal carcinoma (OPSCC) able to reduce the adjuvant therapy administration rate.

Methods: A retrospective bi-centric study was conducted to analyze NAC + TORS versus upfront TORS patients. A 1:1 propensity score matching was used to compare the two groups.

A Phase II Open-Label Randomized Clinical Trial of Preoperative Durvalumab or Durvalumab plus Tremelimumab in Resectable Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Purpose: Clinical implications of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with locally advanced but resectable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain largely unexplored.

Patients And Methods: Patients with resectable HNSCC were randomized to receive a single dose of preoperative durvalumab (D) with or without tremelimumab (T) before resection, followed by postoperative (chemo)radiotherapy based on multidisciplinary discretion and 1-year D treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered spatial distribution analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and high-dimensional profiling of circulating immune cells tracked dynamic intratumoral and systemic immune responses.

Transoral robotic vertical partial laryngectomy (hemilaryngectomy) extended to the hypopharynx.

Locally advanced laryngeal cancers treatment often involves total laryngectomy, which some patients are unwilling to undergo, even if this choice reduces their survival probability. Therefore, the objective of laryngeal oncologic surgery is not only to remove the tumor, but also to preserve the organ and its functions. To overcome these concerns, several partial laryngectomy techniques have been developed.

Novel nomogram for predicting paradoxical chest wall movement in patients with flail segment of traumatic rib fracture: a retrospective cohort study.

Flail chest is a severe injury to the chest wall and is related to adverse outcomes. A flail chest is classified as the physiologic, paradoxical motion of a chest wall or flail segment of rib fracture (RFX). We hypothesized that patients with paradoxical chest wall movement would present different clinical features from patients with a flail segment.

Transoral robotic surgery in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: A comparative study between da Vinci Single-Port and da Vinci Xi systems.

Background: The recently developed da Vinci single-port (SP) system offers potential advantages in maneuverability within narrower surgical spaces. This study aims to compare intra- and post-operative outcomes, technical advantages, and limitations of transoral resections using the da Vinci SP and da Vinci Xi systems for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study included patients with OPSCC who underwent transoral robotic surgery (TORS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT).

Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and transoral robotic surgery in locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal cancer.

Purpose: To analyze the oncological outcomes and patterns of recurrence of patients with locoregionally advanced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) who underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) with subsequent transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study was performed, including 198 patients (mean age: 58.6, SD: 9.

Surgical margin status and role of adjuvant therapy in human papillomavirus-positive oropharyngeal cancer.

Background: We analyzed the difference in treatment results according to safety margin range and studied the role of adjuvant therapy in patients with human papillomavirus-positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).

Materials And Methods: A total of 279 patients with HPV+ OPSCC were included in this study.

Results: Surgical margin and T classification were significant prognostic factors related to death.

Compartmental Transoral Robotic Lateral Oropharyngectomy with the da Vinci Single-Port System: Surgical Technique.

Background: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has renovated the surgical management of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC), allowing a minimally invasive surgical approach with optimal oncological outcomes. The recent introduction of the da Vinci Single Port (SP) system resulted in a considerable improvement of TORS technique.

Methods: In this video, we illustrate the transoral robotic lateral oropharyngectomy performed with the da Vinci SP system in a 50-year-old male patient suffering from a p16+ oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cT4N1M0.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and transoral robotic surgery for the posterior pharyngeal wall carcinoma.

Background: The squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the posterior pharyngeal wall (PPW) is associated with poor oncological outcomes based on current literature data. We reported the preliminary outcomes of a potential new treatment protocol based on neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Methods: A retrospective single-center case series was performed including a total of 20 patients diagnosed with a SCC of the PPW between October 2010 and September 2021.

Development of machine learning models to predict lymph node metastases in major salivary gland cancers.

Introduction: Indications for elective treatment of the neck in patients with major salivary gland cancers are still debated. Our purpose was to develop a machine learning (ML) model able to generate a predictive algorithm to identify lymph node metastases (LNM) in patients with major salivary gland cancer (SGC).

Methods: A Retrospective study was performed with data obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program.

Novel nomogram for predicting pulmonary complications in patients with blunt chest trauma with rib fractures: a retrospective cohort study.

The direct consequences of chest trauma may cause adverse outcomes. Therefore, the early detection of high-risk patients and appropriate interventions can improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the risk factor for overall pulmonary complications in patients with blunt traumatic rib fractures.

Prognostic role of surgical margins in patients undergoing transoral robotic surgery after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy.

Purpose: To define if positive and close surgical margins are associated to worse prognosis in patients who underwent transoral robotic surgery (TORS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT).

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out at a tertiary referral center. The primary outcome was local-regional control (LRC), and the results were summarized with hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with transoral robotic surgery for stage III and IV laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas.

Objectives: To analyze the oncological and functional outcomes of patients with stage III-IV laryngo-hypopharyngeal cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with subsequent transoral robotic surgery (TORS).

Materials And Methods: A single-center retrospective cohort study included a total of 100 patients (median age of 67.0) affected by stage III-IV supraglottic or hypopharyngeal cancer.

Single-Port Versus Multiport da Vinci System for Transoral Robotic Surgery of Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Carcinoma.

Objective: Da Vinci single port (SP) has been recently approved for transoral robotic surgery (TORS). Its characteristics make it particularly feasible for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal surgery. We report our experience comparing intra- and postoperative outcomes, technical advantages, and shortcomings of transoral laryngeal and hypopharyngeal resections performed with the da Vinci SP and the da Vinci Si/Xi systems.

Investigation of somatic mutation profiles and tumor evolution of primary oropharyngeal cancer and sequential lymph node metastases using multiregional whole-exome sequencing.

Lymph node (LN) metastasis is an important factor in determining the treatment and prognosis of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). Here, we compared the somatic mutational profiles and clonal evolution of primary and metastatic LNs using multiregion sequencing of human papilloma virus (HPV)-positive OPSCC and HPV-negative OPSCC. We performed high-depth whole-exome sequencing (200×) of 76 samples from 18 patients with OPSCC (10 HPV-positive and 8 HPV-negative), including 18 primary tumor samples, 40 metastatic LN samples, and 18 normal tissue samples.

Long-term outcomes of early stage oral tongue cancer: Main cause of treatment failure and second primary malignancy.

Objective: We attempted to investigate the long-term outcomes, prognostic factors, treatment failures, second primary malignancies, and salvage therapies in early (pT1-2N0) oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 295 early stage OTSCC patients.

Results: Two hundred ninety-five patients were enrolled.