Patient-Derived Organoids from Multiple Sites of a Single Tumor Recapitulates Intratumoral Heterogeneity in Patients with Gastric Cancer.

Background/aims: Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) are promising preclinical models that replicate critical tumor features. However, intratumoral heterogeneity challenges the clinical utility of PDOs, especially in capturing diverse tumor cell subpopulations.

Methods: Single-cell transcriptomics was used to analyze PDOs from distinct sites within a single gastric cancer tumor, aiming to assess their ability to reflect intratumoral heterogeneity.

One-carbon metabolic pathway is a novel molecular signature for CD44-positive intestinal-type gastric cancer.

Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH), arising from various factors, plays a crucial role in diverse cancers, yet research on ITH remains in its early stages. To explore this phenomenon further, we conducted single-nuclei transcriptome profiling on patient-derived organoids (PDOs) from two histologically pure subtypes of gastric cancer. We identified differences in cancer stem cell marker expression among intestinal-type samples and their correlation with one-carbon (1C) metabolism.

Proportion of histologic component predicts lymph node metastasis risk in undifferentiated-type mucosal and submucosal gastric cancers.

Undifferentiated-type (UD-type) gastric cancer is associated with a high frequency of lymph node metastasis (LNM); however, recent reports indicate that LNM frequency varies according to specific histologic components. We conducted a multicenter study to define criteria for distinguishing low- and high-risk histology groups for LNM in UD-type gastric cancers. Histologic components were classified into four types: poorly cohesive signet ring cells (SRC), poorly cohesive non-signet ring cells (non-SRCs), poorly differentiated tubular (PD), and differentiated-type (D-type).

Revealing 3D microanatomical structures of unlabeled thick cancer tissues using holotomography and virtual H&E staining.

In histopathology, acquiring subcellular-level three-dimensional (3D) tissue structures efficiently and without damaging the tissues during serial sectioning and staining remains a formidable challenge. We address this by integrating holotomography with deep learning and creating 3D virtual hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images from label-free thick cancer tissues. This method involves measuring the tissues' 3D refractive index (RI) distribution using holotomography, followed by processing with a deep learning-based image translation framework to produce virtual H&E staining in 3D.

Multimodal AI model for preoperative prediction of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast cancer using whole slide images.

In breast cancer management, predicting axillary lymph node (ALN) metastasis using whole-slide images (WSIs) of primary tumor biopsies is a challenging and underexplored task for pathologists. We developed METACANS, an multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) model that integrates WSIs with clinicopathological features to predict ALN metastasis. METACANS was trained on 1991 cases and externally validated across five cohorts with a total of 2166 cases.

Genomic and Single-Cell Analyses Characterize Patient-Derived Tumor Organoids to Enable Personalized Therapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a significant health burden because of tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance, emphasizing the need for improved biological understanding and tailored therapies. In this study, we enrolled 31 patients with HNSCC for the establishment of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDO), which faithfully maintained the genomic features and histopathologic traits of the primary tumors. Long-term culture preserved key characteristics, affirming PDOs as robust representative models.

Tumor Budding as an Additional Factor in Determining the Need for Surgery after Endoscopic Resection in Mucosal Invasive Gastric Cancer: A Retrospective Study from a Korean Tertiary Hospital.

Background/aims: The presence of individual cancer cells at the invasive tumor front is referred to as tumor budding (TB). The purpose of this study was to assess the clinicopathological significance of TB in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC).

Methods: A total of 939 patients who received radical surgery for EGC were included in this retrospective study.

Real-Time, AI-Guided Photodynamic Laparoscopy Enhances Detection in a Rabbit Model of Peritoneal Cancer Metastasis.

Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective cancer treatment, particularly in peritoneal surface malignancies, where failure to detect metastatic lesions can mislead the treatment plan. This study assessed the diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy using the integration of artificial intelligence (AI)-guided photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) with the photosensitizer Phonozen, activated at 405 nm in a rabbit model. To create peritoneal carcinomatosis, VX2 cells were inoculated laparoscopically into the peritoneum of female white New Zealand rabbits.

Interobserver agreement analysis among renal pathologists in classification of lupus nephritis using a digital pathology image dataset: after a third evaluation.

Background: Lupus nephritis is well-known for low concordance in classification. Furthermore, there has been no agreement analysis among Korean renal pathologists regarding lupus nephritis. Inconsistent diagnosis leads to confusion and increases medical costs, as well as failure of appropriate therapeutic interventions.

Immune environment of high-TIL breast cancer: triple negative and hormone receptor positive HER2 negative.

This study explores differences in immune cell (IC) composition and spatial distribution between triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (HR + HER2-BC) in high-TIL (≥60%) cases, focusing on PD-L1 status. Using multiplex immunofluorescence on resected tumor tissues from 18 TNBC and 14 HR + HER2-BC cases, we analyzed IC types (CD20, CD8, CD4, FOXP3) and their spatial interactions. TNBC showed a unique IC composition characterized by a higher proportion of CD8 + IC (stroma: 27% vs 17%, p < 0.

Fine needle aspiration cytology diagnoses of follicular thyroid carcinoma: results from a multicenter study in Asia.

Background: This study was designed to compare diagnostic categories of thyroid fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and incidence of thyroid tumors in the multi-institutional Asian series with a special focus on diagnostic category IV (suspicious for a follicular neoplasm) and follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs).

Methods: Distribution of FNAC categories, incidence of thyroid tumors in resection specimens and cytologic diagnoses of surgically confirmed follicular adenomas (FAs) and FTCs were collected from 10 institutes from five Asian countries and were compared among countries and between FAs and FTCs.

Results: The frequency of category IV diagnoses (3.

Histopathologic classification and immunohistochemical features of papillary renal neoplasm with potential therapeutic targets.

Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common histological subtype of renal cell carcinoma and is considered a morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous tumor. Accurate classification and assessment of the immunohistochemical features of possible therapeutic targets are needed for precise patient care. We aimed to evaluate immunohistochemical features and possible therapeutic targets of papillary renal neoplasms.

Expanding the utilization of alkane mixtures: Enhancing medium chain length polyhydroxyalkanoate production in Pseudomonas resinovorans through alkane monooxygenase overexpression.

Medium chain length Polyhydroxyalkanoate (mcl-PHA) is a biodegradable bioplastic material with promising applications in various fields, including the medical, packaging, and agricultural industries. This mcl-PHA can be biosynthesized by microorganisms from various carbon sources, and notably, it can also be produced from alkane mixtures contained in pyrolysis oil derived from low-grade waste plastics. In this study, Pseudomonas resinovorans was engineered to overexpress alkane monooxygenase from Lysinibaillus fusiformis JJY0216, enhancing its ability to utilize alkanes as carbon sources and thereby increasing mcl-PHA production.

Genomic and single-cell characterization of patient-derived tumor organoid models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a significant health burden due to tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance, emphasizing the need for improved biological understanding and tailored therapies. This study enrolled 31 HNSCC patients for the establishment of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs), which faithfully maintained genomic features and histopathological traits of primary tumors. Long-term culture preserved key characteristics, affirming PDOs as robust representative models.

A phase 2 study of spartalizumab (PDR001) among patients with recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (KCSG HN18-17, K-MASTER project 12).

Unlabelled: Spartalizumab (PDR001) is a humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). We conducted a single-arm, phase 2 trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of spartalizumab in patients with refractory esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Patients with histologically confirmed ESCC who experienced disease progression after platinum-based chemotherapy received 300 mg of intravenous spartalizumab every three weeks until disease progression or occurrence of unacceptable toxicity.

Histopathologic image-based deep learning classifier for predicting platinum-based treatment responses in high-grade serous ovarian cancer.

Platinum-based chemotherapy is the cornerstone treatment for female high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC), but choosing an appropriate treatment for patients hinges on their responsiveness to it. Currently, no available biomarkers can promptly predict responses to platinum-based treatment. Therefore, we developed the Pathologic Risk Classifier for HGSOC (PathoRiCH), a histopathologic image-based classifier.

EGFR, HER2, and MET gene amplification and protein expression profiles in biliary tract cancer and their prognostic significance.

Background: There are limited conventional chemotherapy options for biliary tract cancers (BTCs), a heterogenous group of lethal, rare malignancies. The receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) is closely associated with the progression of human malignancies through the regulation of cell cycle. Overexpression or amplification of RTKs has been investigated as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target in BTC; herein, we investigate the value of such interventions.

Tumoural Pellino-1 expression and Pellino-1-expressive cytotoxic T-cells are associated with poor prognosis in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Pellino-1 plays a role in regulating inflammation and immune responses, and its effects on tumours are complex, with different outcomes reported in various studies. Additionally, the role of Pellino-1 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to examine the expression of Pellino-1 in tumour cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) separately and identify the clinicopathological significance of Pellino-1 expression in DLBCL.

Creeping fat exhibits distinct Inflammation-specific adipogenic preadipocytes in Crohn's disease.

Creeping fat (CrF) is an extraintestinal manifestation observed in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). It is characterized by the accumulation of mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) that wraps around the intestinal wall. Although the role of CrF in CD is still debated, multiple studies have highlighted a correlation between CrF and inflammation, as well as fibrostenosais of the intestine, which contributes to the worsening of CD symptoms.

Differences in clinical features between focal and extensive types of cystitis glandularis in patients without a previous history of urinary tract malignancy.

Purpose: To understand the clinical differences of cystitis glandularis (CG), a proliferative disorder of urinary bladder epithelium, based on the extent of cystoscopic findings in patients without a history of urinary tract malignancy.

Materials And Methods: We conducted a review of patients diagnosed with CG in two tertiary hospitals from 2005 to 2021. Patients with previous or concurrent history of urinary tract malignancy were excluded.