Temporal changes in the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus across the BRICS, 1990-2021: a comprehensive analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.

Background: The BRICS (Brazil, Russian, India, China and South Africa) was still in rapid development with great potential to promote the global governance of the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The study aimed to offer practical experience and strategies for global T2DM management, particularly for developing countries by evaluating the trends, cross-country inequalities of T2DM burden in the BRICS in the past and further predict their changes to 2035.

Methods: Age-standardized rate of incidence, prevalence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of T2DM were calculated.

FOXP2 suppresses gastric cancer progression by transcriptionally repressing FBXW2 via WASL degradation.

Gastric cancer (GC) is an aggressive malignancy with poor clinical outcome. F-box and WD repeat domain-containing protein 2 (FBXW2), a substrate receptor of the SKP1-Cullin 1-F-box (SCF) E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, has been implicated in tumor suppression across multiple malignancies; however, its role in GC progression remains undefined. Here, we integrated transcriptomic analyses using the TNMplot database and clinical specimens to demonstrate that FBXW2 expression was significantly downregulated in GC tissues, with low FBXW2 levels correlating closely with poor survival in GC patients.

A biodegradable Zn-4Cu-2Se alloy with enhanced work-hardening, antibacterial, and anti-tumor properties for orthopedic applications.

Zinc-Selenium (Zn-Se) alloys are promising biodegradable hard-tissue implant materials, particularly due to Se's efficacy in both preventing and treating cancer. However, the difficulty in alloying Zn with Se and the processing softening of Zn alloys seriously hinder the clinical application of Zn-Se alloys. Here, we report on the successful preparation of a Zn-4Cu-2Se alloy using casting and hot rolling, and its extraordinarily effective biocompatibility and antibacterial and anti-tumor capabilities.

Elastic strain and strength-elongation performance of medium-entropy Zr-Nb-Ti-O alloys for bone implants.

Beta-type Zr-Nb-Ti (ZNT) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) are receiving increasing research interest as orthopedic implants due to their appropriate mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, improvements in their elastic admissible strain, strength, and ductility are still required to ensure their high performance in clinical applications. In this study, a series of (ZrNbTi)O (x = 0, 0.

Engineered Macrophage Membrane-Camouflaged Nanodecoys Reshape the Infectious Microenvironment for Efficient Periodontitis Treatment.

A vicious cycle between microbiota dysbiosis and hyperactivated inflammation, hardly disrupted by conventional therapies, remains a significant clinical challenge for periodontitis treatment. Herein, by cloaking a cascade catalysis system in an engineered macrophage membrane, a nanodecoy-based strategy, with targeted bacteria-killing and immunomodulatory abilities, is proposed for reshaping the hostile periodontitis microenvironment. Specifically, recombinant human antimicrobial peptide, LL-37, is anchored to a Toll-like receptor-enriched macrophage membrane via genetic engineering, which facilitates the specific bacteria elimination and efficient tissue retention of the nanodecoys.

HEXA-FC protein therapy increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake and improves glycaemic control in mice with insulin resistance and in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes.

Aims/hypothesis: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by insulin resistance and sustained hyperglycaemia, and is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks and stroke. Our team has recently identified hexosaminidase A (HEXA) as an endocrine factor secreted by the liver that regulates sphingolipid metabolism in skeletal muscle. Specifically, HEXA converts GM2 to GM3 gangliosides within cell-surface lipid rafts.

Negative mixing enthalpy medium-entropy Ti-Zr-Nb-Al alloys with ultrahigh elastic admissible strain, strength-elongation product, and biocompatibility for bone implant applications.

Beta-type Ti-Zr-Nb (TZN) medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) are being extensively investigated as orthopedic implants due to their metallic mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. However, improvements in elastic admissible strain, strength, and ductility are still needed to ensure their high performance in clinical applications. In this study, we designed a series of negative mixing enthalpy MEAs by adding 0, 3, 5, 7, and 10 at.

Selenium-modified hydroxyapatite titanium coating: enhancing osteogenesis and inhibiting cancer in bone invasion by head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Introduction: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) frequently invades the jaw, and surgical treatment often leads to bone defects requiring reconstruction with titanium plates. To enhance the anti-tumor and bone regeneration properties of titanium, a selenium-modified hydroxyapatite coating was developed on titanium surfaces.

Methods: Selenium-modified hydroxyapatite coatings was fabricated using micro-arc oxidation (MAO).

An axolotl limb regeneration-inspired strategy to enhance alveolar bone regeneration.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely applied in implant dentistry, employing barrier membranes to create an osteogenic space by preventing gingival tissue ingrowth. However, this method does not enhance the osteogenic capacity of osteoblasts, limiting sufficient bone volume in larger defects. Inspired by axolotl limb regeneration, abundant soft tissue-derived stem cells mobilized to the defect may facilitate comprehensive osteogenesis within a BMP-2-enriched environment.

Long-lasting recombinant HEXA treatment improves hepatic steatosis and glycemic control in mild, but not severe, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.

The prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is increasing at an alarming rate. To date, only one therapy has been provisionally approved for the treatment of MASH and liver fibrosis, and novel strategies are urgently needed. In addition, the frequent coexistence of MASH and type 2 diabetes has further intensified interest in devising comprehensive therapies to simultaneously tackle both diseases.

Effects of Lysophospholipid on Growth Performance, Hepatopancreas Health, and Intestinal Microbiome of in Low-Fishmeal Diet.

A 56-day culture experiment was conducted to assess the effects of lysophospholipid added to a low-fishmeal diet on growth performance, hepatopancreas health, and intestinal microbiome of . Three experimental diets were set up in this study: normal fishmeal positive control diet (20% fishmeal, P), low fishmeal negative control diet (12% fishmeal, N), and low fishmeal + lysophospholipid diet (12% fishmeal with 0.1% lysophospholipid, L).

Supplemental effects of in a low-fish meal diet for at varying temperatures: growth performance, innate immunity and gut bacterial community.

This study examined the effects of on the growth performance, innate immunity, and gut microbiota of under different water temperature conditions. Feeding regimens included a 20% fishmeal diet (control), a low-fish meal (LFM) diet with 10% fishmeal and an LFM diet supplemented with 0.03% .

Lipidome profiling in advanced metabolic liver disease identifies phosphatidylserine synthase 1 as a regulator of hepatic lipoprotein metabolism.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) is characterized by defective lipid metabolism, which causes disease progression. MASH is also linked to various cardiometabolic risk factors, including obesity and type 2 diabetes. The contribution of defective lipid metabolism in MASH to cardiometabolic comorbidities is incompletely understood.

Medium-entropy Zr-Nb-Ti alloys with low magnetic susceptibility, high yield strength, and low elastic modulus through spinodal decomposition for bone-implant applications.

Medium-entropy Zr-Nb-Ti (ZNT) alloys are being extensively investigated as load-bearing implant materials because of their exceptional biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, and low magnetic susceptibility. Nevertheless, enhancing their yield strength while simultaneously decreasing their elastic modulus presents a formidable obstacle, significantly constraining their broader utilization as metallic biomaterials. In this study, three medium-entropy ZNT alloys, i.

Cost-Effectiveness of Perinatal Depression Screening: A Scoping Review.

Objective: Perinatal depression (PND) has emerged as a significant public health concern. There is no consensus among countries or organizations on whether to screen for PND. Despite the growing body of evidence regarding the economic value of PND screening, its cost-effectiveness remains inadequately understood due to the heterogeneity of existing studies.

Astaxanthin attenuates glucose-induced liver injury in largemouth bass: role of p38MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.

Background: Astaxanthin (ASX) has been documented to exert beneficial influence on various processes in fish. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) serves as a common model for studying glucose-induced liver disease, making it imperative to investigate the regulatory mechanisms underlying its liver health.

Methods: Largemouth bass were fed with a control diet (CON), a high carbohydrate diet (HC), or a HC diet supplemented astaxanthin (HCA) for 8-weeks, followed by the glucose tolerance test (GTT).

High-Performance Hydrogel-Encapsulated Engineered Exosomes for Supporting Endoplasmic Reticulum Homeostasis and Boosting Diabetic Bone Regeneration.

The regeneration of bone defects in diabetic patients still faces challenges, as the intrinsic healing process is impaired by hyperglycemia. Inspired by the discovery that the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is in a state of excessive stress and dysfunction under hyperglycemia, leading to osteogenic disorder, a novel engineered exosome is proposed to modulate ER homeostasis for restoring the function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The results indicate that the constructed engineered exosomes efficiently regulate ER homeostasis and dramatically facilitate the function of MSCs in the hyperglycemic niche.

Shape memory and hemostatic silk-laponite scaffold for alveolar bone regeneration after tooth extraction trauma.

Persistent bleeding and the absence of alveolar bone stress following tooth loss can hinder socket healing, complicating future dental implant procedures, and potentially leading to neighboring tooth instability. Therefore, developing materials that promote alveolar bone regeneration and possess both hemostatic and osteogenic properties is crucial for preserving the extraction sites. This study introduces a silk-based laponite composite scaffold material with proficient hemostatic and osteogenic functions, and excellent shape-memory properties for efficient extraction- site filling.

A hair-ball heterostructure of MnS-MnS/CdS with compact linking interface for ultrasensitive photoelectrochemical bioanalysis of carcinoembryonic antigen.

The heterostructured photoelectric material is supposed to markedly promote the photoelectrochemical (PEC) property. Herein, the species heterostructured MnS/CdS and MnS-MnS/CdS(1∼2) composites derived from Mn-ZIF MOFs via a sulfofication reaction using Cd(NO), CdC1 cadmium source, respectively. Under irradiation, the PEC tests showed that the photocurrent response of MnS-MnS/CdS(1∼2) signally enhanced compared to globose MnS/CdS heterostructure and pure MnS or CdS.

Erucic acid improves the progress of pregnancy complicated with systemic lupus erythematosus by inhibiting the effector function of CD8 T cells.

Pathogenic CD8 T cells are pivotal contributors to the onset of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Erucic acid (EA) has been proven to have anti-inflammatory activity. However, the capacity of EA to regulate pathogenic CD8 T cells in the context of pregnancy complicated with SLE (pSLE) remains unclear.

Dominoes with interlocking consequences triggered by zinc: involvement of microelement-stimulated MSC-derived exosomes in senile osteogenesis and osteoclast dialogue.

As societal aging intensifies, senile osteoporosis has become a global public health concern. Bone microdamage is mainly caused by processes such as enhancing osteoclast activity or reducing bone formation by osteoblast-lineage cells. Compared with young individuals, extracellular vesicles derived from senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) increase the transient differentiation of bone marrow monocytes (BMMs) to osteoclasts, ultimately leading to osteoporosis and metal implant failure.

CGRP-Loaded Porous Microspheres Protect BMSCs for Alveolar Bone Regeneration in the Periodontitis Microenvironment.

Periodontitis is a prevalent dental disease marked by progressive destruction of tooth-supporting tissues, and the recovery of bone defects after periodontitis remains challenging. Although stem cell-based therapy is a promising treatment for periodontal tissue regeneration, the function of mesenchymal stem cells is constantly impaired by the inflammatory microenvironment, leading to compromised treatment outcomes. Herein, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-loaded porous microspheres (PMs) are prepared to protect bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) against inflammatory mediators in periodontitis.