Integrated analyses of the transcriptome and metabolome revealed the coloring mechanism of red-pericarp wampee (Clausena lansium).

Wampee (Clausena lansium), a tropical evergreen fruit from the Rutaceae family renowned for its rich nutrient profile and bioactive compounds, presents a fascinating case study in fruit coloration. However, changes in anthocyanins, and expressions of metabolism-associated genes during fruit maturation of red-pericarp wampee ('ZR') are not documented. In this study, metabolic and gene expression profiles of anthocyanin across different fruit developmental stages of red and yellow-pericarp wampees were analyzed.

The metabolic enzyme GYS1 condenses with NONO/p54 in the nucleus and spatiotemporally regulates glycogenesis and myogenic differentiation.

Accumulating evidence indicates that metabolic enzymes can directly couple metabolic signals to transcriptional adaptation and cell differentiation. Glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), the key metabolic enzyme for glycogenesis, is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein compartmentalized in the cytosol and nucleus. However, the spatiotemporal regulation and biological function of nuclear GYS1 (nGYS1) microcompartments remain unclear.

Transcription factors HmeWRKY33 and HmeWRKY51 regulate the susceptibility of pitaya to canker disease.

Pitaya canker disease, caused by , is the primary threat to pitaya cultivation, significantly compromising fruit quality and reducing yield. WRKY transcription factors are essential regulators in plant pathogen recognition and defense mechanisms, yet their specific roles in the development of pitaya canker disease remain largely unexplored. In this study, five genes (, , , , and ) associated with pitaya canker disease were identified through RNA-Seq analysis.

Nitidine chloride inhibits mTORC1 signaling through ATF4-mediated Sestrin2 induction and targets IGF2R for lysosomal degradation.

Aims: Nitidine chloride (NC), a natural phytochemical alkaloid derived from Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC, exhibits multiple bioactivities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and other therapeutic effects. However, the primary targets of NC and the mechanism of action (MOA) have not been explicitly defined.

TORSEL, a 4EBP1-based mTORC1 live-cell sensor, reveals nutrient-sensing targeting by histone deacetylase inhibitors.

Background: Mammalian or mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is an effective therapeutic target for diseases such as cancer, diabetes, aging, and neurodegeneration. However, an efficient tool for monitoring mTORC1 inhibition in living cells or tissues is lacking.

Results: We developed a genetically encoded mTORC1 sensor called TORSEL.

AMPK phosphorylation of FNIP1 (S220) controls mitochondrial function and muscle fuel utilization during exercise.

Exercise-induced activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and substrate phosphorylation modulate the metabolic capacity of mitochondria in skeletal muscle. However, the key effector(s) of AMPK and the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed that AMPK phosphorylation of the folliculin interacting protein 1 (FNIP1) serine-220 (S220) controls mitochondrial function and muscle fuel utilization during exercise.

Transcriptional regulation of the bovine FGFR1 gene facilitates myoblast proliferation under hypomethylation of the promoter.

DNA methylation, which can affect the expression level of genes, is one of the most vital epigenetic modifications in mammals. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) plays an important role in muscle development; however, DNA methylation of the FGFR1 promoter has not been studied to date in cattle. Our study focused on methylation of the FGFR1 promoter and its effect on bovine myoblast proliferation and differentiation.

Expression profiles of the MXD3 gene and association of sequence variants with growth traits in Xianan and Qinchuan cattle.

Max dimerization protein 3 (MXD3) belongs to the MYC superfamily of basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper transcription factors, and MXD3-MAX heterodimers can bind to promoters of target genes to modulate their expression. The aim of this study was to determine the MXD3 mRNA expression levels in various cattle tissues comprising heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, Longissimus dorsi muscle and subcutaneous fat in Chinese Qinchuan and Xianan cattle breeds. The RT-qPCR data showed that the MXD3 gene was variably expressed between all tissues and at levels that were significantly different between two breeds (p < .

Circular RNA TTN Acts As a miR-432 Sponge to Facilitate Proliferation and Differentiation of Myoblasts via the IGF2/PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are ubiquitous endogenous RNA found in various organisms that can regulate gene expression in eukaryotes. However, little is known about potential roles for circRNAs in muscle development. We analyzed circRNA sequencing data of bovine skeletal muscle tissue and found differential expression of circTitin (circTTN) in fetal and adult bovine muscle tissue.

Genetic basis of ruminant headgear and rapid antler regeneration.

Ruminants are the only extant mammalian group possessing bony (osseous) headgear. We obtained 221 transcriptomes from bovids and cervids and sequenced three genomes representing the only two pecoran lineages that convergently lack headgear. Comparative analyses reveal that bovid horns and cervid antlers share similar gene expression profiles and a common cellular basis developed from neural crest stem cells.

Circular RNA SNX29 Sponges miR-744 to Regulate Proliferation and Differentiation of Myoblasts by Activating the Wnt5a/Ca Signaling Pathway.

Myogenesis is a complex and precisely orchestrated process that is highly regulated by several non-coding RNAs and signal pathways. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a novel subclass of endogenous non-coding RNAs that have been identified in multiple species and tissues and play a vital role in post-transcriptional regulation in eukaryotes, but the precise molecular mechanism of action remains largely unknown. Here, we screened a candidate circRNA derived from the SNX29 gene, termed circSNX29 from our previous circRNAs sequencing data of bovine skeletal muscle, and further characterized its regulation and function during muscle development.

Distribution and association study in copy number variation of KCNJ12 gene across four Chinese cattle populations.

Copy number variation is a large genome variation which usually happens in the noncoding-region, and it may occur at the locus associated with the functional gene to further influence the phenotype. Potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J 12 (KCNJ12) gene expressed widely in cardiomyocytes and neurons, plays an important role in tumor therapy and muscle movement regulation. In this study, we detected the distribution of CNVs for KCNJ12 gene in 404 individuals belonging to four Chinese cattle breeds (NY, JX, JA and GF).

DNA methylation status of CRABP2 promoter down-regulates its expression.

As an important epigenetic modification DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methylation transferases (DNMTs) and occurs mainly in CpG islands. DNA methylation plays an important role in regulates gene expression, cell differentiation, genetic imprinting and tumor therapy. Retinoic acid-binding proteins (RAC) is vital for the absorption, transport, metabolism and maintenance of homeostasis of retinoic acid, which in turn regulates the differentiation and proliferation of cells by regulating the transcription of many target genes, therefore, these proteins influence differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes and muscle fibroblasts.

Repeated exposure to propofol impairs spatial learning, inhibits LTP and reduces CaMKIIα in young rats.

Propofol is one of the most widely used intravenous anesthetics. We investigated the effects of propofol injected during development on synaptic plasticity and long-term spatial learning and memory in young rats. Propofol (75 mg/kg) was administered to 7-day-old rats either as a single dose or in 7 doses at 24-h intervals.