Tailoring Solvation Structures via Precise Diluent Engineering for High-Rate 500 Wh kg Lithium-Metal Batteries.

Lithium metal batteries (LMBs), featuring lithium metal anodes (LMAs) paired with high-voltage cathodes, are promising candidates for achieving energy densities exceeding 500 Wh kg. However, their commercialization is hindered by unstable interphases and insufficient Li transport kinetics, especially under high-rate conditions. Here, a hybrid diluent strategy is reported for diluted high-concentration electrolytes (DHCEs) that decouples Li solvation from interfacial stabilization by combining fluorinated aromatics with fluorinated ethers.

Synergistic Improvement of Rate Capability and Lifespan for Lithium-Ion Batteries via Low-Tortuosity Graphite Anode.

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are widely used in large-scale energy storage. Graphite anodes are pivotal for commercial LIBs, yet lithium plating remains a critical bottleneck, especially in thick electrodes (≥3 mAh cm). Due to lithium plating, there is a trade-off between rate capability and lifespan, making it challenging to improve both simultaneously.

Electromagnetic dynamic stability analysis of power electronics-dominated systems using eigenstructure-preserved LTP Theory.

Secure operation of power systems, one of the largest man-made systems, is crucial for economic development and societal well-being. Over the past century, initiatives like Europe's Super Grid and China's Dual Carbon plan have driven significant changes in power systems, leading to the widespread integration of diverse power electronic equipment. This has resulted in the emergence of power electronics-dominated power systems.

Reversible Structural Oscillation Mediates Stable Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

The dynamic dissolution of active species of electrocatalysts suffers severe durability issues, thus limiting practical sustainable electrochemical application despite the enormous strides in the activity. An atomistic understanding of the dynamic pattern is a fundamental prerequisite for realizing prolonged stability. Herein, modeling on NiFe LDHs, multiple operando spectroscopies revealed the structural oscillation of the local [Ni-O-Fe] unit identified a strong dependence on the alternant Fe dissolution and redeposition during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process, thus mediating the dynamic stability.

Fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon nanofibers for long-lasting anode-free sodium metal batteries.

Anode-free sodium metal batteries have gained significant attention due to the abundance of their material resources and high energy densities. However, their practical application is hindered by continuous sodium consumption and dendrite growth characteristics. In this study, we present fluorine-doped micropore-covered mesoporous carbon fibers to enhance the cycling performance of anode-free sodium metal batteries.

Modulated Interactions Induced by Cyano-Modified Wide-Bandgap Small-Molecule Acceptors Enables High-Performance Ternary Organic Photovoltaics.

The cyano group is extensively employed in the molecular engineering of high-performance small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) for organic solar cells (OSCs) to fine-tune energy levels and optimize molecular packing. To date, the application of cyano group has predominantly been confined to end-group modification in SMAs, with limited investigation in central unit engineering. Herein, in this work, the role of cyano substitution is systematically investigated in the central unit of SMAs and design a novel cyano-functionalized wide-bandgap acceptor UF-BCN.

Sodium phytate stabilizing lattice oxygen in high-nickel oxide cathodes for thermal runaway inhibition and high voltage operation.

The reactive oxygen species (O*) released from the nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes (LiNiCoMnO, NCM) are responsible for triggering thermal runaway (TR) in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Specifically, the charge compensation from transition metal (TM) 3d to oxygen (O) 2p in NCM plays a pivotal role in O* release. Here, inspired by the strong chelating effect of sodium phytate (PN) on TM, we employ PN as a cathode additive to coordinate with nickel, thereby weakening the charge compensation of TM 3d to O 2p on the surface of LiNiCoMnO (NCM811) and ultimately enhancing battery safety.

Dry-processed composite cathode design with fast electron transfer network for high energy density lithium-ion battery.

The process of solvent-free binder fibrillation is a promising technology in the field of increasing electrode density and green economy. However, the electron conduction and homogeneity of thick electrodes are limited, resulting in poor battery performance and mechanical properties. Herein, we compare the effect of three different forms of conductive materials on the cathode, and design a "point-line" combined conductive carbon-binder network with polytetrafluoroethylene fiber embedded in carbon nanotubes and super P by air mill.

Designing Low-Cost High-Conductivity and Nonflammable Phosphate Electrolytes Toward High-Energy Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Safety hazard induced by flammable electrolytes are troubling the advancement of practical sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). Non-flammable phosphate electrolytes are competent to address this issue, yet current designs struggle to balance the interfacial chemistry and high ionic conductivity due to the untamed interaction between Na and anion. Herein, we evaluate the effect of dielectric constant (DC) and binding energy (E) of solvents on this interaction, revealing a systematic approach to achieve desired designs.

Two-Layer Graphite Anode for Energy and Power Densified LiFePO Battery.

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO) batteries are increasingly adopted in grid-scale energy storage due to their superior performance and cost metrics. However, as the desired energy and power are further densified, the lifespan of LiFePO batteries is significantly limited, mainly because the lithium plating severely occurs on the graphite anode. Here, first the lithium plating characteristics of both energy-type and power-type graphite electrodes in single-layer design are deciphered.

Scalable Top-Down Approach for Recycling Highly Degraded Spent LiFePO via Lattice Fragmentation-Regeneration.

Designing efficient, scalable, and eco-friendly recycling technologies is crucial for addressing the widespread decommissioning of spent lithium-ion batteries. Here, an innovative top-down regeneration method is introduced to rejuvenate highly degraded LiFePO. Initially, the crystal structure of spent LiFePO is destroyed via the oxidation process, followed by the reconstruction of the LiFePO lattice through the reduction process.

Unraveling the impact of the design of current collector on dry-processed lithium-ion battery electrodes.

Dry processing emerges as a cost-effective technique for achieving high material loading in the field of lithium-ion battery fabrication. Nevertheless, insight into the role of current collectors in this process is still scarce. Herein, a set of dry-processed electrodes with three different current collectors is accordingly prepared and comprehensively studied.

Pressure Tuning and Sn Particle Size Optimization for Enhanced Performance in PbSnF-Based All-Solid-State Fluoride Ion Batteries.

All-solid-state fluoride ion batteries (ASSFIBs) show remarkable potential as energy storage devices due to their low cost, superior safety, and high energy density. However, the poor ionic conductivity of F conductor, large volume expansion, and the lack of a suitable anode inhibit their development. In this work, PbSnF solid electrolytes in different phases (β- and γ-PbSnF) are successfully synthesized and characterized.

4-Fluorobenzyl cyanide, a sterically-hindered solvent expediting interfacial kinetics in lithium-ion batteries.

The electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is plagued by sluggish interfacial kinetics. Fortunately, the Li solvation structure bridges the bulk electrolyte and interfacial chemistry, providing a pathway for promoting electrochemical kinetics in LIBs. Herein, we improve the interfacial kinetics by tuning the Li coordination chemistry based on solvent molecular engineering.

Two-Dimensional Electrolyte Design: Broadening the Horizons of Functional Electrolytes in Lithium Batteries.

ConspectusSince their commercialization in the 1990s, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have been increasingly used in applications such as portable electronics, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage. The increasing use of LIBs in modern society has necessitated superior-performance LIB development, including electrochemical reversibility, interfacial stability, efficient kinetics, environmental adaptability, and intrinsic safety, which is difficult to simultaneously achieve in commercialized electrolytes. Current electrolyte systems contain a solution with Li salts (e.

Direct lithium extraction from spent batteries for efficient lithium recycling.

The flourishing expansion of the lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) market has led to a surge in the demand for lithium resources. Developing efficient recycling technologies for imminent large-scale retired LIBs can significantly facilitate the sustainable utilization of lithium resources. Here, we successfully extract active lithium from spent LIBs through a simple, efficient, and low-energy-consumption chemical leaching process at room temperature, using a solution comprised of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and ether solvents.

Enhancing Electrode Performance through Triple Distribution Modulation of Active Material, Conductive Agent, and Porosity.

The increasing demand for large-scale energy storage propels the development of lithium-ion batteries with high energy and high power density. Low tortuosity electrodes with aligned straight channels have proved to be effective in building such batteries. However, manufacturing such low tortuosity electrodes in large scale remains extremely challenging.

Optimizing milling and sintering parameters for mild synthesis of highly conductive LiPSCl solid electrolyte.

The LiPSCl electrolyte gains significant attention due to its ultrahigh ionic conductivity and cost-effectiveness in halogen-rich lithium argyrodite solid electrolytes. The conventional synthetic method for obtaining the electrolyte involves mechanical milling followed by post-annealing. However, these synthesis methods typically involve high milling speeds, elevated temperatures, and prolonged durations, resulting in both high energy consumption and potential damage to the electrolyte.

SUGAN: A Stable U-Net Based Generative Adversarial Network.

As one of the representative models in the field of image generation, generative adversarial networks (GANs) face a significant challenge: how to make the best trade-off between the quality of generated images and training stability. The U-Net based GAN (U-Net GAN), a recently developed approach, can generate high-quality synthetic images by using a U-Net architecture for the discriminator. However, this model may suffer from severe mode collapse.

Space-Confined Guest Synthesis to Fabricate Sn-Monodispersed N-Doped Mesoporous Host toward Anode-Free Na Batteries.

Severe issues including volume change and dendrite growth on sodium metal anodes hinder the pursuit of applicable high-energy-density sodium metal batteries. Herein, an in situ reaction approach is developed that takes metal-organic frameworks as nano-reactor and pore-former to produce a mesoporous host comprised of nitrogen-doped carbon fibers embedded with monodispersed Sn clusters (SnNCNFs). The hybrid host shows outstanding sodiophilicity that enables rapid Na infusion and ultralow Na nucleation overpotential of 2 mV.

Intelligent Power System Stability Assessment and Dominant Instability Mode Identification Using Integrated Active Deep Learning.

Simulation analysis is critical for identifying possible hazards and ensuring secure operation of power systems. In practice, large-disturbance rotor angle stability and voltage stability are two frequently intertwined stability problems. Accurately identifying the dominant instability mode (DIM) between them is important for directing power system emergency control action formulation.

Cyclopentylmethyl Ether, a Non-Fluorinated, Weakly Solvating and Wide Temperature Solvent for High-Performance Lithium Metal Battery.

While recent work demonstrates the advantages of weakly solvating solvents in enhancing the cyclability of LMBs, both new designs and design strategies for high performance weakly solvating solvent, especially physicochemical properties, are still lacking. Here, we propose a molecular design to tune the solvating power and physicochemical properties of non-fluorinated ether solvent. The resulting cyclopentylmethyl ether (CPME) have a weak solvating power and wide liquid-phase temperature range.

Revealing Surfactant Effect of Trifluoromethylbenzene in Medium-Concentrated PC Electrolyte for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Despite wide-temperature tolerance and high-voltage compatibility, employing propylene carbonate (PC) as electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is hampered by solvent co-intercalation and graphite exfoliation due to incompetent solvent-derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, trifluoromethylbenzene (PhCF ), featuring both specific adsorption and anion attraction, is utilized to regulate the interfacial behaviors and construct anion-induced SEI at low Li salts' concentration (<1 m). The adsorbed PhCF , showing surfactant effect on graphite surface, induces preferential accumulation and facilitated decomposition of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anions (FSI ) based on the adsorption-attraction-reduction mechanism.

Passivating Lithiated Graphite via Targeted Repair of SEI to Inhibit Exothermic Reactions in Early-Stage of Thermal Runaway for Safer Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The self-exothermic in early stage of thermal runaway (TR) is blasting-fuse for Li-ion battery safety issues. The exothermic reaction between lithiated graphite (LiC ) and electrolyte accounts for onset of this behavior. However, preventing the deleterious reaction still encounters hurdles.