Moderate source-reduction improves peanut yield and quality through modulating photosynthesis, source-sink equilibrium, and secondary metabolisms.

Source-reduction plays a critical role in coordinating source-sink balance of legume crops, it remains unclear whether source-reduction can be utilized as a strategy to enhance the pod yield and seed quality. Here, a two-year field experiment was conducted to decipher the potential effects of varying degrees of source-reduction treatment (removal of leaf and stem) on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production and uncover its underlying mechanisms.

Unraveling Lithium-Ion Transport in Solid Electrolyte Interphase: from Composition to Interface Dynamics via Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Lithium-ion transport across the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is a key procedure in charging which determines the performance and stability of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, an atomic-level understanding of the overall transport process from electrolyte through SEI remains elusive, particularly regarding the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters that govern this cross-interface phenomenon. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are employed to systematically investigate the complete Li-ion transport progress, encompassing the electrolyte, organic/inorganic SEI components, and two critical interfaces: electrolyte/organic SEI and organic SEI/inorganic SEI.

Mechanistic insights into the thermodynamics and kinetics underlying the reductive decomposition of fluoroethylene and difluoroethylene carbonates for SEI formation in LIBs.

Fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) and difluoroethylene carbonate (DFEC) are electrolyte additives that significantly influence the formation of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during the initial cycling of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). While FEC has been partially explored, the reductive decomposition mechanism of DFEC, particularly its kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour, remains poorly understood. In this work, we employ density functional theory (DFT) simulations to systematically investigate the thermodynamic (free energy, Δ) and kinetic (free energy barrier, Δ) parameters governing the reductive decomposition pathways of FEC and DFEC.

Constructing Highly Li Conductive Electrode Electrolyte Interphases for 4.6 V Li||LiCoO Batteries via Electrolyte Additive Engineering.

To improve voltage is considered to effectively address the energy-density question of Li||LiCoO batteries. However, it is restricted by the instability of electrode electrolyte interphases in carbonate electrolytes, which mainly originates from Li dendrite growth and structural instability of LiCoO at high voltage. Herein, an electrolyte additive strategy is proposed for constructing efficient LiN O -contained cathode electrolyte interphase for 4.

Construction of Localized High-Concentration PF Region for Suppressing NCM622 Cathode Failure at High Voltage.

High-voltage Li||LiNi Co Mn O (NCM622) batteries have obtained great interest owing to their high energy density. However, some obstacles hinder their practical applications, e.g.

Stabilizing the cycling stability of rechargeable lithium metal batteries with tris(hexafluoroisopropyl)phosphate additive.

The application of rechargeable lithium metal batteries (LMBs) has been hindered by the fast growth of lithium dendrites during charge and the limited cycling life because of the decomposition of the electrolyte at the interface. Here, we have developed a non-flammable triethyl phosphate (TEP)-based electrolyte with tris(hexafluoroisopropyl)phosphate (THFP) as an additive. The polar nature of the C-F bonding and the rich CF groups in THFP lowers its LUMO energy and HOMO energy to help form a stable, LiF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer through the reduction of THFP and increases the binding ability of the PF anions, which significantly suppresses lithium dendrite growth and reduces the electrolyte decomposition.

Formation of NaF-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Na Anode through Additive-Induced Anion-Enriched Structure of Na Solvation.

High-capacity sodium (Na) anodes suffer from dendrite growth due to the high reactivity, which can be overcome through inducing a stable NaF-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, we propose an additive strategy for realizing the anion-enriched structure of Na solvation to obtain a NaF-rich SEI. The electron-withdrawing acetyl group in 4-acetylpyridine (4-APD) increases the coordination number of PF in the Na solvation sheath to facilitate PF to decompose into NaF.

Separator-Wetted, Acid- and Water-Scavenged Electrolyte with Optimized Li-Ion Solvation to Form Dual Efficient Electrode Electrolyte Interphases via Hexa-Functional Additive.

The performance of lithium metal batteries (LMBs) is determined by many factors from the bulk electrolyte to the electrode-electrolyte interphases, which are crucially affected by electrolyte additives. Herein, the authors develop the heptafluorobutyrylimidazole (HFBMZ) as a hexa-functional additive to inhibit the dendrite growth on the surface of lithium (Li) anode, and then improve the cycling performance and rate capabilities of Li||LiNi Co Mn O (NCM622). The HFBMZ can remove the trace H O and HF from the electrolyte, reducing the by-products on the surface of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and inhibiting the dissolution of metal ions from NCM622.

High-Voltage Electrolyte Chemistry for Lithium Batteries.

Lithium batteries are currently the most popular and promising energy storage system, but the current lithium battery technology can no longer meet people's demand for high energy density devices. Increasing the charge cutoff voltage of a lithium battery can greatly increase its energy density. However, as the voltage increases, a series of unfavorable factors emerges in the system, causing the rapid failure of lithium batteries.

Unveiling the Role of Li Solvation Structures with Commercial Carbonates in the Formation of Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Lithium Metal Batteries.

Solid electrolyte interphase (SEI), determined by the components of electrolytes, can endow batteries with the ability to repress the growth of Li dendrites. Nevertheless, the mechanism of commercial carbonates on in situ-generated SEI and the consequential effect on cycling performance is not well understood yet, although some carbonates are well used in electrolytes. In this work, quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics are used to reveal the formation mechanisms of SEI with carbonate-based electrolyte additives on the atomic level.

Optimizing Electrode/Electrolyte Interphases and Li-Ion Flux/Solvation for Lithium-Metal Batteries with Qua-Functional Heptafluorobutyric Anhydride.

The safety and electrochemical performance of rechargeable lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) are primarily influenced by the additives in the organic liquid electrolytes. However, multi-functional additives are still rarely reported. Herein, we proposed heptafluorobutyric anhydride (HFA) as a qua-functional additive to optimize the composition and structure of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) at the electrode/electrolyte interface.

Electrolytes enriched by potassium perfluorinated sulfonates for lithium metal batteries.

Lithium (Li) metal is widely considered as a promising anode for next-generation lithium metal batteries (LMBs) due to its high theoretical capacity and lowest electrochemical potential. However, the uncontrollable formation of Li dendrites has prevented its practical application. Herein, we propose a kind of multi-functional electrolyte additives (potassium perfluorinated sulfonates) from the multi-factor principle for electrolyte additive molecular design (EDMD) view to suppress the Li dendrite growth.

Gradient Solid Electrolyte Interphase and Lithium-Ion Solvation Regulated by Bisfluoroacetamide for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries.

The structures and components of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) are extremely important to influence the performance of full cells, which is determined by the formulation of electrolyte used. However, it is still challenging to control the formation of high-quality SEI from structures to components. Herein, we designed bisfluoroacetamide (BFA) as the electrolyte additive for the construction of a gradient solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) structure that consists of a lithophilic surface with C-F bonds to uniformly capture Li ions and a LiF-rich bottom layer to guide the rapid transportation of Li ions, endowing the homogeneous deposition of Li ions.

Construction of Ag-modified TiO/ZnO heterojunction nanotree arrays with superior photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical properties.

The work involves the preparation of TiO/ZnO heterojunction nanotree arrays by a three-step: hydrothermal, sol-gel, and secondary hydrothermal method, and then modification of Ag quantum dots (QDs). In the above process, the ZnO nanoparticles attached to the TiO surface were subjected to secondary growth by a hydrothermal method to form a unique nanotree structure with TiO, followed by Ag quantum dot modification by quantum dot deposition. In summary, TiO/ZnO nanotree arrays are cited for the first time.

Antimony- and Bismuth-Based Chalcogenides for Sodium-Ion Batteries.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have received much attention, owing to their great potential for large-scale application. A lack of efficient anode materials with high reversible capacity is one main challenge facing the development of SIBs. Antimony- and bismuth-based chalcogenides materials can store large amounts of Na ions, owing to the alloying/dealloying reaction mechanism within a low potential range, and thus, are regarded as promising anodes for SIBs.