Transcriptomic and metabolomic insights into the enantioselective effects of chiral fungicide penflufen and its enantiomers on multi-endpoints in the liver for mice.

Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have been increasingly used as fungicides in agriculture for decades. Penflufen (PEN) is a widely used chiral fungicide and the acute toxic concentration of S-(+)-PEN was 54 times higher than R-(-)-PEN in zebrafish. However, the toxic effects of rac-PEN and its enantiomers on mammals remain unclear.

6PPD exposure reduced the melanin deposition by inhibiting tyrosinase activity in larval zebrafish.

N-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), a critical antioxidant in rubber manufacturing, has raised global concerns due to its environmental persistence and toxic transformation products. While its developmental toxicity is increasingly recognized, the mechanisms underlying melanogenesis disruption in fish remain poorly understood. In this study, we systematically investigated 6PPD's effects on melanin synthesis in zebrafish embryos and murine melanoma cells (B16F10).

Magnetic amphiphilic adsorbent for simultaneous magnetic solid phase extraction of anesthetics from water samples.

In the present work, magnetic amphiphilic adsorbent was fabricated for the simultaneous enrichment and determination of caine and benzodiazepine anesthetics from water samples for the first time. The lipophilic divinylbenzene (DVB) and hydrophilic N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NVP) were selected as co-polymerization monomers to modify the magnetic spheres with the linkage of polydopamine. The obtained core-shell magnetic amphiphilic adsorbent, FeO@PDA@DVB-NVP, owned balanced lipophilicity and hydrophilicity and good adsorption of anesthetics at the monomer mole ratio of 1:1.

Mapping pesticide-induced metabolic alterations in human gut bacteria.

Pesticides can modulate gut microbiota composition, but their specific effects on it remain largely elusive. In our study, we show that pesticides inhibit or promote the growth of various gut microbial species and can be accumulated to prolong their presence in the host. Pesticide exposure also induces significant alterations in gut bacterial metabolism, as reflected by changes in hundreds of metabolites.

SFC-MS/MS enantioseparation, stereoselective behavior and risk assessment of the chiral pesticide bitertanol in four vegetables and soil.

The stereoselective behavior and dietary risk of bitertanol in four vegetables and soil were studied. Firstly, the method for measuring bitertanol stereoisomers by SFC-MS/MS was established and optimized, and the analysis time was 5 min. In addition, cis-(+)-(1R,2S)-bitertanol and trans-(+)-(1R,2R)-bitertanol were preferentially dissipated in cabbage and pakchoi, while trans-(+)-(1S,2S)-bitertanol had a preferential dissipation in lettuce.

Effects and Potential Risks of Chiral Penflufen on Pickled Cowpea: Combined Microbiome and Metabolomics.

Pesticide residues on vegetables may affect microbes and metabolites during the fermentation process, leading to effects and potential risks. Here, the enantioselective effects and potential risks of chiral penflufen on pickled cowpea were investigated by using microbiome and metabolomics analyses. Correlation analysis was conducted to construct bacterial-metabolite interaction networks.

Dissipation dynamics of methomyl, phoxim, and pymetrozine during mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves harvest, tea processing and brewing.

Mulberry leaf tea is known for its health benefits; however, concerns remain about pesticide residues during harvest, processing, and brewing. The dissipation dynamics of methomyl, phoxim, and pymetrozine were systematically investigated in this study. In fresh leaves, their half-lives ranged from 1.

Enantioselective Behaviors and Risk Assessments of Chiral Pesticide Mefentrifluconazole in Four Types of Fruits and Vegetables.

Mefentrifluconazole was the first novel isopropyl alcohol triazole fungicide. Existing research indicated that mefentrifluconazole had high activity and low toxicity, presenting potential for monocase application, while limited data existed on its enantioselective dissipation in crops. Here, after confirming the absolute configuration, the enantioselective dissipation and risk assessments of chiral mefentrifluconazole in soybeans, peanuts, tomatoes, grapes, and soil were conducted.

Enantioselection behaviors and risk assessments of chiral pesticide ethiprole and its chiral metabolite ethiprole amide in five kinds of vegetables.

Ethiprole is a second-generation phenylpyrazole insecticide used in agricultural production as an alternative to fipronil due to its lower toxicity to bees. Ethiprole amide is chiral metabolite of ethiprole, but information regarding its formation and degradation in vegetables is limited. Here, the absolute configuration of ethiprole amide enantiomer was determined through circular dichroism, and the behaviors of chiral ethiprole and its metabolites in five kinds of vegetables were studied through field experiments.

The underestimated environmental risk of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate photodegradation in aqueous environment induced by polystyrene microplastics.

Tris(2-choroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) is commonly utilized as a flame retardant and plasticizer, which inevitably coexists with polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) in aquatic environments. In this work, the promoting effect of pristine and aged PS-MPs on the photodegradation of TCEP was observed, and the reaction mechanisms and environmental risks of PS-MPs enhancing TCEP photodegradation were clearly revealed. The aged PS-MPs presenting more significant enhancement was attributed to more generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Mapping Pesticide-Induced Metabolic Alterations in Human Gut Bacteria.

Pesticides can modulate gut microbiota (GM) composition, but their specific effects on GM remain largely elusive. Our study demonstrated that pesticides inhibit or promote growth in various GM species, even at low concentrations, and can accumulate in GM to prolong their presence in the host. Meanwhile, the pesticide induced changes in GM composition are associated with significant alterations in gut bacterial metabolism that reflected by the changes of hundreds of metabolites.

Gender-Specific Toxic Effects of S-Metolachlor and Its Metabolite on Hibernating Lizards: Implications for Reproductive Health and Ecosystem Vulnerability.

Reptiles rely on hibernation to survive harsh winters, but climate change and pesticide use in agriculture jeopardize their survival, making the ecosystem vulnerable. S-metolachlor (SM), a commonly found herbicide in soil, and its metabolite metolachlor oxanilic acid (MO) induce oxidative stress and disrupt reproductive hormones. In this study, lizards were exposed to SM- and MO-contaminated soil for 45 days during hibernation.

Tire rubber-derived contaminant 6PPD had the potential to induce metabolism disorder in early developmental stage of zebrafish.

The increasing release of tire-derived particles, particularly those containing N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), into the environment has raised concerns regarding their ecological impact. This study aims to elucidate the toxicological effects of 6PPD on the metabolism in early developmental stage of zebrafish. Larval zebrafish were exposed to 10 and 100 μg/L 6PPD, and some endpoints in biochemical parameters, gene expression, and metabolism were analyzed.

Untargeted metabolomic analysis reveals a time-course hepatic metabolism disorder induced by short-term 6PPD exposure in rats.

The tire antioxidant 6PPD has garnered extensive attention due to its widespread presence in the environment and the harmful effects of its transformation products on aquatic organisms. 6PPD has been detected in airborne dust, and it can enter mammals through inhalation exposure. While the toxic effects of 6PPD exposure have been reported in mammals, its effects on hepatic metabolism still remain poorly understood.

Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of -6PPD-Quinone Caused More Serious Hepatotoxicity Than -Enantiomer and Racemate in .

6PPD-quinone (6PPD-Q) is frequently detected in various environmental media, and the environmentally relevant concentrations can be fatal to . Notably, 6PPD-Q has two enantiomers (-6PPD-Q and -6PPD-Q). In this study, was separately exposed to each enantiomer and racemate of 6PPD-Q for 96 h at environmentally relevant concentrations, and livers were collected.

Cadmium stress alleviates lipid accumulation caused by chiral penthiopyrad through regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in zebrafish liver.

The coexistence of cadmium (Cd) can potentiate (synergism) or reduce (antagonism) the pesticide effects on organisms, which may change with chiral pesticide enantiomers. Previous studies have reported the toxic effects of chiral penthiopyrad on lipid metabolism in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver. The Cd effects and toxic mechanism on lipid accumulation were investigated from the perspective of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Study on the enantioselective behaviors, activity, toxicity and mechanism of novel SDHI fungicide benzovindiflupyr to reduce the environmental risks.

Benzovindiflupyr (BEN) has emerged as one of the fastest-growing SDHI fungicides in recent years, but it is considered "very highly toxic" to aquatic fish, invertebrates and crustaceans (EC or LC, 0.0035-0.056 mg/L, acute toxicity).

6PPD induced cardiac dysfunction in zebrafish associated with mitochondrial damage and inhibition of autophagy processes.

The compound 6PPD is widely acknowledged for its antioxidative properties; however, concerns regarding its impact on aquatic organisms have spurred comprehensive investigations. In our study, we advanced our comprehension by revealing that exposure to 6PPD could induce cardiac dysfunction, myocardial injury and DNA damage in adult zebrafish. Furthermore, our exploration unveiled that the exposure of cardiomyocytes to 6PPD resulted in apoptosis and mitochondrial injury, as corroborated by analyses using transmission electron microscopy and flow cytometry.

Toxic mechanisms of imazalil, azoxystrobin and their mixture to hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens).

While combinations of pesticides better represent actual conditions within aquatic ecosystems, the specific toxic effects of these combinations have not been determined yet. The objective of this research was to assess the combined impact of imazalil and azoxystrobin on the hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens) and delve into the underlying causes. Our findings indicated that the 4-day LC value for imazalil (1.

Review of fruits flavor deterioration in postharvest storage: Odorants, formation mechanism and quality control.

Fruits flavor deterioration is extremely likely to occur during post-harvest storage, which not only damages quality but also seriously affects its market value. This work focuses on the study of fruits deterioration odorants during storage by describing their chemical compositions (i.e.

Potential effects of individual and combined exposure to tetraconazole and cadmium on zebrafish from the perspective of enantioselectivity and intestinal microbiota.

As the wide use of pesticides, they could form combined pollution with heavy metals, which would affect their environmental behaviors and toxic effects. Particularly, the effects would be more intricate for chiral pesticides. In this study, the accumulation and dissipation trends of tetraconazole enantiomers in zebrafish were investigated by individual and combined exposure of cadmium (Cd) and tetraconazole (including racemate and enantiomers) after confirming the absolute configuration of tetraconazole enantiomer.

Development and comprehensive SBSE-GC/Q-TOF-MS analysis optimization, comparison, and evaluation of different mulberry varieties volatile flavor.

Optimization of seven parameters of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) on mulberry volatile components for the first time. A total of 347 volatile components were identified and quantified in 14 mulberry varieties, predominantly encompassing esters, aldehydes, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, heterocyclics, acids, and phenols. Hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal were the dominant volatiles.