Mussel-inspired polydopamine-functionalized ultralight cellulose aerogel for simple and portable extraction of synthetic cathinones from biological samples.

Synthetic cathinones (SCs) are drugs of abuse that act on the central nervous system, producing psychoactive effects similar to those of amphetamines. Their greater accessibility compared with the traditional amphetamine-type stimulants has contributed to their increasing popularity in recent years. The analysis of SCs in biological samples is essential for documenting their consumption.

Effects of sleep deprivation on heart rate variability: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Sleep deprivation is prevalent in high-pressure environments and among shift workers, and may contribute to autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation, contributing to cardiovascular diseases, mood disorders, and cognitive impairment. Heart rate variability (HRV), an important indicator of ANS function, reflects fluctuations in sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and is commonly used to assess the autonomic effects of sleep deprivation. However, existing studies exhibit considerable heterogeneity due to inconsistencies in HRV measurement methods, variations in deprivation duration, and inadequate control of confounding factors.

Novel Strain-Based Triple Inactivated Vaccine Confers Rapid Neutralizing Immunity to Feline Multisystemic Pathogens With Two-Dose Regimen.

The rapid global increase in companion animal populations and the rising risks of zoonotic diseases necessitate urgent advancements in veterinary vaccines. In China, over 100 million domestic cats are vulnerable to three deadly pathogens: feline calicivirus (FCV), feline herpesvirus type 1 (FHV-1), and feline panleukopenia virus (FPV). Existing trivalent vaccines face challenges, such as antigenic mismatches, supply chain inefficiencies, and delayed regional adaptability, highlighting the need for localized solutions.

Phosphorylated sodium alginate-filled delignified wood-reinforced transparent wood: Crafting flame-retardant composites.

Transparent wood (TW), an emerging sustainable material with high optical transmittance and mechanical strength, is hindered by the inherent flammability of its cellulose-lignin matrix, posing fire risks. To address this, we developed an eco-friendly flame-retardant TW by integrating phosphorylated sodium alginate (PSA)-filled delignified wood with polyurethane acrylic resin (PUA). Delignified balsa wood was freeze-dried into a porous structure, functionalized with PSA, and reinforced with UV-cured PUA.

Lightweight Spherical Cellulose Aerogels With High Zr-MOF Loadings for the Facile Extraction of Benzodiazepines From Human Urine and Hair Samples.

A facile dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (D-μ-SPE) method that uses spherical cellulose aerogels is proposed herein for the trace detection of seven benzodiazepines in biological samples. Zirconium metal-organic framework (MOF) particles were dispersed in the cellulose aerogels to improve the extraction efficiency. The prepared lightweight spherical aerogels (diameter of approximately 2 mm) were easily collected from the solution using a disposable dropper, overcoming the difficult recycling of powdered MOFs.

In Situ Self-Assembly Enhanced Cavitation for Efficient Sonodynamic Therapy of Tumors.

The clinical application of sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is constrained due to the lack of safe, effective, and targeted ultrasound sensitizers. To address this, an in situ self-assembled peptide-sonosensitizer conjugate (P1) is designed for enhancing sonosensitizer cavitation, which achieves specific and highly efficient SDT of tumors. The P1 is constructed using a sonosensitizing unit, a gelatinase-responsive unit, a targeting unit, and a sonodynamic enhancing unit.

Enhanced Hot/Free Electron Effect for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Based on 3D/2D Graphene/MXene Composite.

Photocatalytic hydrogen production through water splitting represents a promising strategy to store solar energy as chemical energy. Current photocatalysts primarily focus on traditional semiconductor materials, such as metal oxides, sulfides, nitrides, g-CN, etc. However, these materials often suffer from large bandgap and fast charge recombination, which limit sunlight utilization and result in unsatisfactory photon conversion efficiency.

A single-cell transcriptomic atlas reveals the cell differentiation trajectory and the response to virus invasion in swelling clove of garlic.

The garlic bulb comprises several cloves, the swelling growth of which is significantly hindered by the accumulation of viruses. Herein, we describe a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of swelling cloves with virus accumulation, which comprised 19 681 high-quality cells representing 11 distinct cell clusters. Cells of two clusters, clusters 7 (C7) and 11 (C11), were inferred to be from the meristem.

Facile Synthesis of Soft Core-Shell Nanospheres for Constructing Multiresponsive Photonic Crystal Security Patterns.

Responsive photonic crystals (RPCs) presenting tunable structural colors under external stimuli are widely applied in the fields of dynamic displays, sensors, and anticounterfeiting. However, the development of multiresponsive photonic crystal (MRPC) films possessing versatile variable optical properties remains a significant challenge due to the tedious synthetic procedure of multifunctional building blocks and complex assembly processes, thereby constraining their extensive applications. In the present work, a series of soft nanospheres with a hydrophobic cores and responsive hydrophilic shells have been synthesized by a facile one-step surfactant-free emulsion polymerization method.

Spherical cellulose/chitosan aerogel-supported MOF-199 for the magnetic solid-phase extraction of benzodiazepines from urine.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for sample pretreatment. The performance improvement of powdered MOFs is hindered by their aggregation and difficult recovery. To overcome these issues, a biodegradable lightweight spherical aerogel was used as a support for the in situ growth of copper-based MOFs (MOF-199).

Synthesis of polyethylene glycol-grafted magnetic nanoparticles for the fast and efficient extraction of anabolic substances from human urine.

Anabolic steroids and β-agonists are commonly prohibited substances found in doping control studies; therefore, the determination of anabolic substances in biological samples is crucial. To analyze the anabolic compounds in urine, an adsorbent, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafted magnetic nanoparticle material (FeO@SiO-PEG), with low toxicity and strong biocompatibility was prepared in this investigation. Compared to those of FeO and FeO@SiO, the grafted PEG chains (approximately 5.

Review of fruits flavor deterioration in postharvest storage: Odorants, formation mechanism and quality control.

Fruits flavor deterioration is extremely likely to occur during post-harvest storage, which not only damages quality but also seriously affects its market value. This work focuses on the study of fruits deterioration odorants during storage by describing their chemical compositions (i.e.

Development and comprehensive SBSE-GC/Q-TOF-MS analysis optimization, comparison, and evaluation of different mulberry varieties volatile flavor.

Optimization of seven parameters of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) on mulberry volatile components for the first time. A total of 347 volatile components were identified and quantified in 14 mulberry varieties, predominantly encompassing esters, aldehydes, terpenoids, hydrocarbons, ketones, alcohols, heterocyclics, acids, and phenols. Hexanal and (E)-2-hexenal were the dominant volatiles.

Screening and Stability Evaluation of Freeze-Dried Protective Agents for a Live Recombinant Pseudorabies Virus Vaccine.

Infection of pigs with the pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes significant economic losses in the pig industry. Immunization with live vaccines is a crucial aspect in the prevention of pseudorabies in swine. The TK/gE/gI/11k/28k deleted pseudorabies vaccine is a promising alternative for the eradication of epidemic pseudorabies mutant strains.

Efficacy and mechanism of nourishing yin and purging fire therapy for central precocious puberty based on meta-analysis and network pharmacology.

Background: Central precocious puberty (CPP) is due to the early activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axis, and its incidence is on the rise. A number of studies have shown that nourishing yin and purging fire (NYPF) therapy can be beneficial for CPP. Therefore, we conducted this review to investigate the efficacy, safety, and mechanism of NYPF therapy for CPP.

Sonoactivated Cascade Fenton Reaction Enhanced by Synergistic Modulation of Electron-Hole Separation for Improved Tumor Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is an emerging targeted treatment technique for tumors via the generation of highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical (·OH) governed by tumor microenvironment-assisted Fenton reaction. Despite high effectiveness, it faces limitations like low reaction efficiency and limited endogenous H O , compromising its therapeutic efficacy. This study reports a novel platform with enhanced CDT performance by in situ sono-activated cascade Fenton reaction.

Cell membrane-specific self-assembly of peptide nanomedicine induces tumor immunogenic death to enhance cancer therapy.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD), as an unusual cell death pattern, mediates cancer cells to release a series of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and is widely used in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Injuring the cell membrane can serve as a novel ICD initiation strategy. In this study, a peptide nanomedicine (PNpC) is designed using the fragment CM11 of cecropin, which is effective in disrupting cell membranes because of its α-helical structure.

Bacteria-Derived Outer-Membrane Vesicles Hitchhike Neutrophils to Enhance Ischemic Stroke Therapy.

The treatment of reperfusion injury after ischemic stroke remains unsatisfactory since the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most neuroprotective agents from entering the brain. Here, a strategy is proposed based on bacteria-derived outer-membrane vesicle (OMV) hitchhiking on the neutrophils for enhanced brain delivery of pioglitazone (PGZ) to treat ischemic stroke. By encapsulating PGZ into OMV, the resulting OMV@PGZ nanoparticles inherit the functions associated with the bacterial outer membrane, making them ideal decoys for neutrophil uptake.

Rapid and simple determination of organophosphorus pesticides in urine using polydopamine-modified monolithic spin column extraction combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.

The determination of organophosphorus pesticides in urine is useful for evaluating human exposure. In this study, a simple micro-solid-phase extraction method based on a polydopamine-modified monolithic spin column combined with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was developed for the determination of six organophosphorus pesticides (dimethoate, dichlorvos, carbofuran, methidathion, phosalone, and chlorpyrifos) in urine samples. A methacrylate polymer monolithic support was prepared in situ in the spin column, and dopamine solution was repeatedly passed through the monolith matrix via centrifugation to generate a polydopamine layer in the polymeric network.

Utilization of magnetic pomelo peel-derived biochar for extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry determination of opioid drugs in wastewaters.

In this study, magnetic pomelo peel-derived biochar composite was fabricated and applied as a low-cost adsorbent for the simultaneous extraction of morphine-like opioids named morphine, codeine, and 6-monoacetylmorphine from wastewaters, prior to their determination via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of four biochar products were synthesized under different pyrolytic temperatures of 400, 500, 600, and 700°C, respectively, and the 400°C biochar was found to have the greatest extraction ability, with enrichment factors of 34, 58, and 61 for the three drugs. The primary adsorption mechanism includes π-π interaction and H-bonding.

Preparation of bamboo-derived magnetic biochar for solid-phase microextraction of fentanyls from urine.

In this study, a biochar-based magnetic solid-phase microextraction method, coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, was developed for analyzing fentanyl analogs from urine sample. Magnetic biochar was fabricated through a one-step pyrolysis carbonization and magnetization process, followed by an alkali treatment. In order to achieve desired extraction efficiency, feed stocks (wood and bamboo) and different pyrolysis temperatures (300-700°C) were optimized.

Use of corn straw-derived biochar for magnetic solid-phase microextraction of organophosphorus pesticides from environmental samples.

In this study, the potentials of utilizing corn straw-derived biochar in environmental sample pretreatment were examined. An one-step magnetization and carbonization process was developed to prepare magnetic biochar by mixing corn straw powder with Fe/Fe and then pyrolyzed at different temperatures (400-800 °C). The obtained magnetic biochars were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller isotherms, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

Osteomyelitis and Septic Arthritis Due to : A 10-Year Retrospective Melioidosis Study From South China.

is the causative agent of melioidosis, endemic mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. Its clinical manifestation is broad ranging from a localized skin lesion to a life-threatening systemic disease. Osteomyelitis and septic arthritis caused by are a rare, fatal illness, whose clinical features have not been illustrated in mainland China.

Defective Zr-based metal-organic frameworks as sorbent for the determination of fungicides in environmental water samples by rapid dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

In this work, defective Zr-based metal-organic framework was successfully synthesized and evaluated as a dispersive micro-solid-phase extraction sorbent for efficient preconcentration and determination of fungicides in complex water samples. The defective Zr-based metal-organic framework crystal with increased adsorption capacity was successfully synthesized by employing formic acid as the modulator. The extraction conditions, including the pH, extraction time, desorption solvent and desorption time, were comprehensively investigated.