Deep learning for detection and diagnosis of intrathoracic lymphadenopathy from endobronchial ultrasound multimodal videos: A multi-center study.

Convex probe endobronchial ultrasound (CP-EBUS) ultrasonographic features are important for diagnosing intrathoracic lymphadenopathy. Conventional methods for CP-EBUS imaging analysis rely heavily on physician expertise. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a deep learning-aided diagnostic system (AI-CEMA) to automatically select representative images, identify lymph nodes (LNs), and differentiate benign from malignant LNs based on CP-EBUS multimodal videos.

Shape sensing robotic assisted bronchoscopy versus virtual bronchoscopic navigation in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Bronchoscopy is a commonly used method for pulmonary nodule biopsy. Shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB), which features enhanced catheter articulation and stability, has recently become available. Although the diagnostic performance of ssRAB appears to surpass that of conventional guided bronchoscopy, the existing data are limited.

Chinese expert consensus on shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) in the management of peripheral pulmonary lesions.

Background: Shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (ssRAB) is a new bronchoscopy technology that utilizes optic fibers to provide accurate position information and robotic-control to deliver improved maneuverability. This technology has been used in the United States since 2019 and investigated in China since 2021. In order to provide a standard practice and make the best use of this technology for managing peripheral pulmonary lesions (PPLs), experts developed the consensus.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Bronchial Dieulafoy's Disease: A Case Series.

Introduction: Bronchial Dieulafoy's disease (BDD) comprises rare vascular malformations. This study analyzes a series of BDD patients diagnosed through combined bronchial computed tomography arteriography (CTA) and bronchoscopy, addressing critical gaps in diagnostic standardization and therapeutic decision-making.

Methods: This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent CTA and bronchoscopy for mild to massive and unexplained recurrent hemoptysis in two centers during a 6-year period.

Determinants of generalized anxiety and construction of a predictive model in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) frequently experience exacerbations requiring multiple hospitalizations over prolonged disease courses, which predispose them to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). This comorbidity exacerbates breathing difficulties, activity limitations, and social isolation. While previous studies predominantly employed the GAD 7-item scale for screening, this approach is somewhat subjective.

Efficacy and Safety of Airway Stent Placement in the Treatment of Airway Esophageal Fistula.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate both the clinical efficacy and safety of airway stent placement in the treatment of patients with esophageal cancer-associated airway esophageal fistula (AEF). The focus is on evaluating improvements in patient survival and quality of life.

Methods: Overall, this study enrolled 111 patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer-associated AEF.

Treatment patterns for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease under the tiered medical system.

China has implemented the "tiered medical services" policy since 2015, while there is a paucity of data evaluating the the current status of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management under the system. Characteristics and treatments from 11,905 COPD patients in 88 hospitals across different tiers in China were included and analyzed. We assessed the statistical significance of differences by one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for continuous variables and with the chi-squared test for categorical variables.

Shape-sensing Robotic-assisted Bronchoscopy (SS-RAB) in Sampling Peripheral Pulmonary Nodules: A Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Feasibility Study in China.

Background: The ION system is a shape-sensing robotic-assisted bronchoscopy (SS-RAB) platform developed to biopsy peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPNs). There is a lack of data describing the use of this system in the Chinese population. The study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of using SS-RAB to diagnose PPNs across multiple centers within China.

Endobronchial Ultrasound-Based Support Vector Machine Model for Differentiating between Benign and Malignant Mediastinal and Hilar Lymph Nodes.

Introduction: The aim of the study was to establish an ultrasonographic radiomics machine learning model based on endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) to assist in diagnosing benign and malignant mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes (LNs).

Methods: The clinical and ultrasonographic image data of 197 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The radiomics features extracted by EBUS-based radiomics were analyzed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator.

Multiple primary lung cancer: Updates and perspectives.

Management of multiple primary lung cancer (MPLC) remains challenging, partly due to its increasing incidence, especially with the significant rise in cases of multiple lung nodules caused by low-dose computed tomography screening. Moreover, the indefinite pathogenesis, diagnostic criteria, and treatment selection add to the complexity. In recent years, there have been continuous efforts to dissect the molecular characteristics of MPLC and explore new diagnostic approaches as well as treatment modalities, which will be reviewed here, with a focus on newly emerging evidence and future perspectives, hope to provide new insights into the management of MPLC and serve as inspiration for future research related to MPLC.

Whole-course management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in primary healthcare: an internet of things-enabled prospective cohort study in China.

Background: Despite substantial progress in reducing the global burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), traditional methods to promote understanding and management of COPD are insufficient. We developed an innovative model based on the internet of things (IoT) for screening and management of COPD in primary healthcare (PHC).

Methods: Electronic questionnaire and IoT-based spirometer were used to screen residents.

Advances in the Treatment of Pulmonary Nodules.

Background: Early detection and accurate diagnosis of pulmonary nodules are crucial for improving patient outcomes. While surgical resection of malignant nodules is still the preferred treatment option, it may not be feasible for all patients. We aimed to discuss the advances in the treatment of pulmonary nodules, especially stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and interventional pulmonology technologies, and provide a range of recommendations based on our expertise and experience.

Chinese expert consensus on cone-beam CT-guided diagnosis, localization and treatment for pulmonary nodules.

Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) system can provide real-time 3D images and fluoroscopy images of the region of interest during the operation. Some systems can even offer augmented fluoroscopy and puncture guidance. The use of CBCT for interventional pulmonary procedures has grown significantly in recent years, and numerous clinical studies have confirmed the technology's efficacy and safety in the diagnosis, localization, and treatment of pulmonary nodules.

Diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation combined with EBUS-GS & ROSE in peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Background & Objectives: Recently, there has been a surge to develop new devices and techniques for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary lesions such as the combination of LungPoint navigation and endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS). The present study aimed to explore the diagnostic value of LungPoint navigation in combination with EBUS-GS and rapid on-site evaluation (ROSE) particularly for peripheral pulmonary nodules.

Methods: Patients (n=108) with pulmonary nodules (10 mm ≤ nodal diameter ≤30 mm) presenting to Henan Provincial People's Hospital were detected using chest computed tomographic (CT) scanning and bronchoscopy.

Feasibility and Safety of Endosonography-Guided Transvascular Needle Aspiration in the Diagnosis of Thoracic and Abdominal Lesions: A Meta-Analysis.

Background: Endoscopic techniques, including endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), are used as the initial approach for the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer and the diagnosis of thoracic and abdominal lesions. Historically, the transvascular approach has been avoided because of concerns about bleeding.

Objectives: This article is a systematic review of studies evaluating the feasibility and safety of transvascular needle aspiration (TVNA) under the guidance of EBUS or EUS in the diagnosis of thoracic and abdominal lesions.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related lncRNAs associated with prognosis and immune cell infiltration in lung adenocarcinoma.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains the most common type of lung cancer and is associated with distant metastasis and poor prognosis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays crucial roles in carcinogenesis, embryogenesis, and wound healing. EMT-related molecules may be adopted for early diagnosis and prognosis of cancer and targeting them may constitute an attractive strategy for treatment.

Diagnostic yield of virtual bronchoscope navigation combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial cryo-biopsy for peripheral pulmonary nodules: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was a useful method for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPNs), but the smaller tissue samples obtained often could not meet the subsequent molecular pathological diagnosis. The purposes of this study were to assess the diagnostic yield of virtual bronchoscope navigation (VBN) combined with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS) guided transbronchial cryo-biopsy (TBCB) and to compare it with TBLB.

Methods: Patients with PPNs, who planned to undergo bronchoscopy and were admitted to Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Zhoukou Central Hospital from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020, were divided into the TBCB group (experimental group) and TBLB group (control group) using the block randomization method.

A Classifier for Improving Early Lung Cancer Diagnosis Incorporating Artificial Intelligence and Liquid Biopsy.

Unlabelled: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and in China. Screening for lung cancer by low dose computed tomography (LDCT) can reduce mortality but has resulted in a dramatic rise in the incidence of indeterminate pulmonary nodules, which presents a major diagnostic challenge for clinicians regarding their underlying pathology and can lead to overdiagnosis. To address the significant gap in evaluating pulmonary nodules, we conducted a prospective study to develop a prediction model for individuals at intermediate to high risk of developing lung cancer.

Malfunction of airway basal stem cells plays a crucial role in pathophysiology of tracheobronchopathia osteoplastica.

Understanding disease-associated stem cell abnormality has major clinical implications for prevention and treatment of human disorders, as well as for regenerative medicine. Here we report a multifaceted study on airway epithelial stem cells in Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica (TO), an under-detected tracheobronchial disorder of unknown etiology and lack of specific treatment. Epithelial squamous metaplasia and heterotopic bone formation with abnormal cartilage proliferation and calcium deposits are key pathological hallmarks of this disorder, but it is unknown whether they are coincident or share certain pathogenic mechanisms in common.

Combination of the Archimedes Navigation System and cryobiopsy in diagnosis of diffuse lung disease.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of the Archimedes Navigation System (Broncus Medical, San Jose, CA, USA) for guidance during transbronchial cryobiopsy and the incidence of complications in patients with diffuse lung disease.

Methods: High-resolution computed tomography and transbronchial cryobiopsy were used to evaluate eight patients with diffuse lung disease. The Archimedes Navigation System was used before cryobiopsy to obtain the best path with which to avoid large vessels.

Value of virtual bronchoscopic navigation and transbronchial ultrasound-guided sheath-guided exploration in diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Background: Peripheral lung cancer poses a substantial harm to human health, and it is easy to become exacerbated, potentially threatening the life and safety of patients.

Aim: To assess the value of virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) combined with transbronchial ultrasound-guided sheath-guided (EBUS-GS) exploration in the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer.

Methods: A total of 236 patients with peripheral lung cancer (nodule diameter range, 8-30 mm; diagnosed using high-resolution computed tomography) were selected from three centers between October 2018 and December 2019.