DRAM1 promotes the stability of lysosomal VAMP8 to enhance autolysosome formation and facilitates the extravasation.

Autophagy classically functions to protect cells and organisms during stressful conditions by catabolizing intracellular components to maintain energy homeostasis. Lysosome-autophagosome fusion is a critical step in emptying degraded unwanted contents. However, the mechanism of autophagosome fusion with lysosomes is still not fully understood.

Development and validation of a novel mortality risk stratification simplified scoring scale for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome.

Objectives: The global incidence of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) has markedly increased over the past decade. There is an urgent need to establish a reliable scoring system for predicting the mortality of patients with SFTS.

Methods: In this ambispective study, 714 patients with SFTS were recruited from 11 sites in China.

Evaluation of Plasma Neurodegenerative Biomarkers for Diagnosing Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy and Predicting Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy in Chinese Patients with Hepatic Cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: The performance of neurodegenerative biomarkers-neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), tau, and ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1)-in diagnosing minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) has not been systematically evaluated, simultaneously, nor have their associations with the development of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE). This study aimed to evaluate the performance of plasma NfL, GFAP, tau, and UCHL1 in diagnosing MHE and predicting the development of OHE in Chinese patients with hepatic cirrhosis.

Methods: In this prospective study, 124 patients with hepatic cirrhosis were recruited.

Antiviral immunity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: current understanding and implications for clinical treatment.

Dabie Banda virus (DBV), a tick-borne pathogen, was first identified in China in 2009 and causes profound symptoms including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and multi-organ dysfunction, which is known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In the last decade, global incidence and mortality of SFTS increased significantly, especially in East Asia. Though previous studies provide understandings of clinical and immunological characteristics of SFTS development, comprehensive insight of antiviral immunity response is still lacking.

C-C chemokine receptor 5 is essential for conventional NK cell trafficking and liver injury in a murine hepatitis virus-induced fulminant hepatic failure model.

Background: Previous studies have demonstrated that natural killer (NK) cells migrated into the liver from peripheral organs and exerted cytotoxic effects on hepatocytes in virus-induced liver failure.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the potential therapeutic role of chemokine receptors in the migration of NK cells in a murine hepatitis  virus strain 3 (MHV-3)-induced fulminant hepatic failure (MHV-3-FHF) model and its mechanism.

Results: By gene array analysis, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 5 (CCR5) was found to have remarkably elevated expression levels in hepatic NK cells after MHV-3 infection.

Targeting super enhancers for liver disease: a review.

Background: Super enhancers (SEs) refer to the ultralong regions of a gene accompanied by multiple transcription factors and cofactors and strongly drive the expression of cell-type-related genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that SEs play crucial roles in regulating gene expression related to cell cycle progression and transcription. Aberrant activation of SEs is closely related to the occurrence and development of liver disease.

Establishment and validation of a prognostic model for hepatitis B virus‑related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients with bacterial infection.

Background: Bacterial infection is one of the most frequent complications in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), which leads to high mortality. However, a specific prognostic model for ACLF patients with bacterial infection has not been well established.

Aim: To establish and validate a nomogram for predicting 30-day mortality of hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF) patients with bacterial infection.

Proton Pump Inhibitor Therapy Increases the Risk of Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis in Patients with HBV-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Introduction: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is a common infection in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). SBP significantly increases the mortality rate and medical costs. The association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and SBP remains unclear.

Development and Validation of a Clinical Predictive Model for Bacterial Infection in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Introduction: Bacterial infection is one of the most frequent complications in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF), which leads to high mortality. However, a predictive model for bacterial infection in HBV-ACLF has not been well established. This study aimed to establish and validate a predictive model for bacterial infection in two independent patient cohorts.

Plasma perfusion combined with plasma exchange in chronic hepatitis B-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients.

Background And Aims: Artificial liver support systems (ALSS) have been shown to significantly reduce mortality in patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). However, the characteristics of patients who would benefit most from ALSS treatment are poorly understood. This study aimed to delineate the indicators for ALSS and evaluate the effectiveness of plasma perfusion combined with plasma exchange (PP + PE) in patients with hepatitis B virus-related ACLF (HBV-ACLF).

Complications constitute a major risk factor for mortality in hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure patients: a multi-national study from the Asia-Pacific region.

Background And Aim: Cirrhosis is a controversial determinant of mortality in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure (HBV-ACLF). The present study aimed to explore the effects of cirrhosis and the associated risk factors, especially its complications, on the outcome of HBV-ACLF.

Methods: A prospective-retrospective cohort of 985 patients was identified from the APASL-ACLF Research Consortium (AARC) database and the Chinese Study Group.