Risk for Sleep-Disordered Breathing Among Children and Adolescents With Perinatal Stroke and the Impact on Mental Health, Quality of Life, and Caregivers.

Background: Perinatal stroke is a leading cause of cerebral palsy and lifelong neurological disability and a potential risk factor for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB).

Methods: We examined the risk for SDB and associated psychosocial outcomes among 77 children with perinatal stroke. Caregivers completed validated questionnaires evaluating their children's sleep (Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire), mental health (Behavior Assessment System for Children, Third Edition [BASC-3]), and quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]) as well as the psychosocial impact on themselves (Parental Outcome Measure [POM]).

Secretory IgA modifies the association between early-life gut microbiota trajectories and childhood nonatopic wheeze.

Aims: Wheezing in childhood is common and evidence is accumulating for the role of the gut microbiome in the development of atopic wheeze. Changes to the early-life gut microbiota and secretory IgA (SIgA) production have been linked to childhood disease; however, their connection to nonatopic wheeze is unknown. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the relationships between early-life gut microbiota trajectories, SIgA and childhood nonatopic wheeze.

Infant Acid-Suppressant Medication, C. difficile Colonisation, and Childhood Body Mass Index in a Canadian Cohort.

Aim: To determine relationships between paediatric use of acid-suppressive medications (ASMs) (proton pump inhibitors (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA)) and preschool body mass index (BMI) and mediation by C. difficile colonisation.

Methods: ASMs were parent-reported at age 3, 6 and 12 months in 1025 infants from the CHILD Cohort Study.

Human milk IgA promotes normal immune development by limiting Th17-inducing in the infant gut.

The gut microbiota is highly dynamic during the first year of life and plays a crucial role in immune development. Breastfeeding is known to support infant health, but the contributions of the numerous breastmilk components to gut microbiota and immune maturation remain unclear. Secretory IgA (SIgA), the most abundant antibody in human milk, is a key modulator of gut microbiota composition.

Associations of dietary patterns and obesity development in school-aged children: results from the CHILD Cohort Study.

Objective: We aimed to understand data-driven dietary patterns in Canadian preschoolers and their impact on obesity development among male and female individuals.

Methods: In the prospective, population-based Canadian pregnancy cohort, the CHILD Cohort Study (N = 2219), dietary intake was assessed at age 3 years using a previously developed 112-item food frequency questionnaire. At age 5 years, we measured height, weight, and waist circumference and calculated BMI and waist circumference z scores.

Early life predictors of child development at kindergarten: a structural equation model using a longitudinal cohort.

Introduction: Early child development sets the stage for lifelong health. Identifying early life factors related to child development can help guide programs and policies to bolster child health and wellbeing. The objective of this research was to examine how a broad range of predictors, measured prenatally to the third year of life, are related to child development at kindergarten.

Determining the interplay of prenatal parental BMI in shaping child BMI trajectories: the CHILD Cohort Study.

Background: Obesity is a major public health concern affecting millions of people globally. Early identification of individuals susceptible to obesity is crucial for reducing the burden of obesity. Obesity is often defined based on body-mass-index (BMI), and tracking BMI trajectories from early childhood offers a valuable tool for risk stratification.

Gene-by-environment interactions modulate the infant gut microbiota in asthma and atopy.

Background: Gut microbiota has been associated with health and susceptibility to childhood diseases, including asthma and allergies. However, the genomic factors contributing to interindividual variations in gut microbiota remain poorly understood.

Objective: We sought to integrate host genomics with early-life exposures to investigate main and interaction effects on gut microbiota during the first year of life.

Long-Term Outcomes of Children Born to Anti-Ro Antibody-Positive Mothers With and Without Rheumatic Disease.

Objective: The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of allergy, and/or neurodevelopmental and autoimmune diagnoses in children born to anti-Ro antibody-positive mothers.

Methods: We conducted a cohort study of children born to anti-Ro antibody-positive mothers observed in the neonatal lupus erythematosus (NLE) clinic at The Hospital for Sick Children. Participants one year of age or older were invited to complete a health status questionnaire.

Gut microbiota metabolites, secretory immunoglobulin A and Bayley-III cognitive scores in children from the CHILD Cohort Study.

Background: Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been demonstrated in neurodevelopmental disorders but the underlying mechanisms that may explain these associations are poorly understood. Gut secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA) binds pathogenic microbes, preventing mucosal penetration. Gut microbes also influence SIgA production and its binding characteristics through short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites, allowing them to regulate the immune response.

Exploring the potential mediating role of systemic antibiotics in the association between early-life lower respiratory tract infections and asthma at age 5 in the CHILD study.

Objective: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in early life are one of the strongest risk factors for childhood asthma and are often treated with systemic antibiotics (IV or oral). We aimed to explore the association between early-life LRTIs and systemic antibiotics on asthma development and the potential mediating role of antibiotics in this relationship.

Methods: Data were collected as part of the longitudinal, general Canadian population CHILD Study.

Ultraprocessed Food Consumption and Obesity Development in Canadian Children.

Importance: Ultraprocessed foods (UPF), characterized as shelf-stable but nutritionally imbalanced foods, pose a public health crisis worldwide. In adults, UPF consumption is associated with increased obesity risk, but findings among children are inconsistent.

Objectives: To examine the associations among UPF intake, anthropometric adiposity indicators, and obesity status in Canadian children.

Prenatal vitamin C and fish oil supplement use are associated with human milk microbiota composition in the Canadian CHILD Cohort Study.

Maternal diet may modulate human milk microbiota, but the effects of nutritional supplements are unknown. We examined the associations of prenatal diet and supplement use with milk microbiota composition. Mothers reported prenatal diet intake and supplement use using self-administered food frequency and standardised questionnaires, respectively.

Antibiotics taken within the first year of life are linked to infant gut microbiome disruption and elevated atopic dermatitis risk.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in both pediatric and adult populations. The development of AD has been linked to antibiotic usage, which causes perturbation of the microbiome and has been associated with abnormal immune system function. However, imbalances in the gut microbiome itself associated with antibiotic usage have been inconsistently linked to AD.

The use of prescription medications and non-prescription medications during lactation in a prospective Canadian cohort study.

Background: A lack of safety data on postpartum medication use presents a potential barrier to breastfeeding and may result in infant exposure to medications in breastmilk. The type and extent of medication use by lactating women requires investigation.

Methods: Data were collected from the CHILD Cohort Study which enrolled pregnant women across Canada between 2008 and 2012.

Persistent DNA Methylation Changes across the First Year of Life and Prenatal Exposure in a Canadian Prospective Birth Study.

Background: Evidence suggests that prenatal air pollution exposure alters DNA methylation (DNAm), which could go on to affect long-term health. It remains unclear whether DNAm alterations present at birth persist through early life. Identifying persistent DNAm changes would provide greater insight into the molecular mechanisms contributing to the association of prenatal air pollution exposure with atopic diseases.

Association of Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition with Maternal Cardiometabolic Diseases: An Exploratory Prospective Cohort Study.

Human milk fatty acids derive from maternal diet, body stores, and mammary synthesis and may reflect women's underlying cardiometabolic health. We explored whether human milk fatty acid composition was associated with maternal cardiometabolic disease (CMD) during pregnancy and up to 5 years postpartum. We analyzed data from the prospective CHILD Cohort Study on 1,018 women with no preexisting CMD who provided breast milk samples at 3-4 months postpartum.

Examining psychosocial pathways to explain the link between breastfeeding practices and child behaviour in a longitudinal cohort.

Objective: Breastfeeding is associated with reduced postpartum depression, stronger parent-child relationships, and fewer behavioral disorders in early childhood. We tested the mediating roles of postpartum depression and parent-child relationship in the association between breastfeeding practices and child behavior.

Study Design: We used standardized questionnaire data from a subset of the CHILD Cohort Study (n = 1,573) to measure postpartum depression at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, parent-child relationship 1 year and 2 years, and child behavior at 5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist (range 0-100).

Women in Canada are consuming above the upper intake level of folic acid but few are meeting dietary choline recommendations in the second trimester of pregnancy: data from the CHILD cohort study.

There is concern that during a low-risk pregnancy, women are consuming more than recommended (400 µg/day) supplemental folic acid and may not meet recommendations for other nutrients. The objective of this study was to determine folic acid supplement use and dietary folate intakes in the second trimester (week 18) of pregnancy in women ( = 2996) in the Canadian CHILD cohort study. Vitamin B12 and choline intakes were also assessed because they are metabolically related to folate.