Early preschool wheeze trajectories are predominantly non-allergic with distinct biologic and microbiome traits.

Background: Disentangling preschool wheezing heterogeneity in terms of clinical traits, temporal patterns, and collective healthcare burden is critical for precise and effective interventions.

Objective: We aimed to collectively define contributions and distinct characteristics of respiratory phenotypes based on longitudinal wheeze and atopic sensitization patterns in the first 5 years of life.

Methods: Group-based trajectory analysis was performed in the CHILD Cohort study to identify distinct wheeze and allergic sensitization trajectories.

Effects of low wildfire burn severity due to pre-fire shrub thinning on the chaparral soil bacteriome in the Santa Monica Mountains of Southern California.

Our objective was to study the longitudinal effect of decreased burn severity due to vegetation-type conversion (VTC) induced by chaparral shrub thinning prior to the Woolsey wildfire (November 2018) on soil chemistry and bacteriome composition and function. We compared soils from two study sites on the Malibu campus of Pepperdine University in the Santa Monica Mountains: one site had dense, unaltered chaparral shrubland and experienced a 4.5-fold increase in vegetation burn severity (high severity burn) compared to an adjacent altered site where the vegetative fuel load was 80% less prior to the fire (low severity burn).

How the early life microbiome shapes immune programming in childhood asthma and allergies.

Despite advances in our understanding of their diagnosis and treatment, pediatric allergies impose substantial burdens on affected children, families, and healthcare systems. Further, the prevalence of allergic diseases has dramatically increased over the past half-century, leading to additional concerns and concerted efforts to identify the origins, potential predictors and preventions, and therapies of allergic diseases. Together with the increase in allergic diseases, changes in lifestyle and early-life environmental influences have corresponded with changes in colonization patterns of the infant gut microbiome.

Antibiotics taken within the first year of life are linked to infant gut microbiome disruption and elevated atopic dermatitis risk.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease in both pediatric and adult populations. The development of AD has been linked to antibiotic usage, which causes perturbation of the microbiome and has been associated with abnormal immune system function. However, imbalances in the gut microbiome itself associated with antibiotic usage have been inconsistently linked to AD.

Early prediction of pediatric asthma in the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort using machine learning.

Background: Early identification of children at risk of asthma can have significant clinical implications for effective intervention and treatment. This study aims to disentangle the relative timing and importance of early markers of asthma.

Methods: Using the CHILD Cohort Study, 132 variables measured in 1754 multi-ethnic children were included in the analysis for asthma prediction.

Elucidating the roles of the mammary and gut microbiomes in breast cancer development.

The mammary microbiome is a newly characterized bacterial niche that might offer biological insight into the development of breast cancer. Together with in-depth analysis of the gut microbiome in breast cancer, current evidence using next-generation sequencing and metabolic profiling suggests compositional and functional shifts in microbial consortia are associated with breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the fundamental studies that have progressed this important area of research, focusing on the roles of both the mammary tissue microbiome and the gut microbiome.

Delayed gut microbiota maturation in the first year of life is a hallmark of pediatric allergic disease.

Allergic diseases affect millions of people worldwide. An increase in their prevalence has been associated with alterations in the gut microbiome, i.e.

Breastfeeding enrichment of B. longum subsp. infantis mitigates the effect of antibiotics on the microbiota and childhood asthma risk.

Background: Early antibiotic exposure is linked to persistent disruption of the infant gut microbiome and subsequent elevated pediatric asthma risk. Breastfeeding acts as a primary modulator of the gut microbiome during early life, but its effect on asthma development has remained unclear.

Methods: We harnessed the CHILD cohort to interrogate the influence of breastfeeding on antibiotic-associated asthma risk in a subset of children (n = 2,521).

Composition and Functional Potential of the Human Mammary Microbiota Prior to and Following Breast Tumor Diagnosis.

Microbiota studies have reported changes in the microbial composition of the breast upon cancer development. However, results are inconsistent and limited to the later phases of cancer development (after diagnosis). We analyzed and compared the resident bacterial taxa of histologically normal breast tissue (healthy, H,  = 49) with those of tissues donated prior to (prediagnostic, PD,  = 15) and after (adjacent normal, AN,  = 49, and tumor, T,  = 46) breast cancer diagnosis ( total = 159).