Public Health Microbiome Curriculum: Looking Below the Tip of the Iceberg for Approaches to Population Health.

We discuss the opportunity for public health microbiome curricula to bridge the gaps in knowledge that exist between microbiome researchers and the lay public. We propose equipping public health professionals, important facilitators of public outreach and behaviour change, with three public health curriculum modules focused on breastfeeding, antibiotics and diet. These modules shift the focus from microbes as pathogens to potential partners in promoting health across the life course.

Early life predictors of child development at kindergarten: a structural equation model using a longitudinal cohort.

Introduction: Early child development sets the stage for lifelong health. Identifying early life factors related to child development can help guide programs and policies to bolster child health and wellbeing. The objective of this research was to examine how a broad range of predictors, measured prenatally to the third year of life, are related to child development at kindergarten.

Independent and joint associations of neighbourhood greenness and walkability with transportational and recreational physical activity among youth and adults in Canada.

Objectives: Greener neighbourhoods may support physical activity; however, it is also important to consider whether greener neighbourhoods are walkable. We assessed whether neighbourhood greenness and walkability were independently and jointly associated with transportational (PA) and recreational (PA) physical activity among a nationally representative sample of urban-dwelling youth and adults in Canada.

Methods: We analyzed repeated cross-sectional data from 132,927 urban-dwelling youth (12-17 years) and adults (≥18 years) who participated in the Canadian Community Health Survey (2015-2018).

Monitoring forest cover and land use change in the Congo Basin under IPCC climate change scenarios.

The Congo Basin tropical forests are home to many endemic and endangered species, and a global hotspot for forest fragmentation and loss. Yet, little has been done to document the region's rapid deforestation, assess its effects and consequences, or project future forest cover loss to aid in effective planning. Here we applied the Random Forest (RF) supervised classification algorithm in Google Earth Engine (GEE) to map and quantify decadal changes in forest cover and land use (LCLU) in the Congo Basin between 1990 and 2020.

A follow-up geospatial analysis and probabilistic human health risk assessment of methylmercury in fish in Eeyou Istchee (Québec, Canada).

The Cree Peoples of the Eeyou Istchee territory (northern Québec, Canada) rely on fish as a part of their traditional and contemporary diet. Fish is a culturally significant food and a source of nutrients, but it is also the main pathway of methylmercury (MeHg) exposure for humans. Significant hydroelectric developments in this territory are responsible for increasing the concentrations of MeHg found in fish and thus increase the human exposure to this neurotoxic compound.

"I am afraid of being treated badly if I show it": A cross-sectional study of healthcare accessibility and Autism Health Passports among UK Autistic adults.

Background: Autistic people are more likely to experience stigma, communication barriers and anxiety during healthcare. Autism Health Passports (AHPs) are a communication tool that aim to provide information about healthcare needs in a standardised way. They are recommended in research and policy to improve healthcare quality.

Rapid vertebrate speciation via isolation, bottlenecks, and drift.

Speciation is often driven by selective processes like those associated with viability, mate choice, or local adaptation, and "speciation genes" have been identified in many eukaryotic lineages. In contrast, neutral processes are rarely considered as the primary drivers of speciation, especially over short evolutionary timeframes. Here, we describe a rapid vertebrate speciation event driven primarily by genetic drift.

Orthodontic treatment for prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) in children.

Background: Prominent lower front teeth (Class III malocclusion) may be due to jaw or tooth position or both. The upper jaw (maxilla) can be too far back or the lower jaw (mandible) too far forward; the upper front teeth (incisors) may be tipped back or the lower front teeth tipped forwards. Orthodontic treatment uses different types of braces (appliances) fitted inside or outside the mouth (or both) and fixed to the teeth.

Association of Human Milk Fatty Acid Composition with Maternal Cardiometabolic Diseases: An Exploratory Prospective Cohort Study.

Human milk fatty acids derive from maternal diet, body stores, and mammary synthesis and may reflect women's underlying cardiometabolic health. We explored whether human milk fatty acid composition was associated with maternal cardiometabolic disease (CMD) during pregnancy and up to 5 years postpartum. We analyzed data from the prospective CHILD Cohort Study on 1,018 women with no preexisting CMD who provided breast milk samples at 3-4 months postpartum.

Examining psychosocial pathways to explain the link between breastfeeding practices and child behaviour in a longitudinal cohort.

Objective: Breastfeeding is associated with reduced postpartum depression, stronger parent-child relationships, and fewer behavioral disorders in early childhood. We tested the mediating roles of postpartum depression and parent-child relationship in the association between breastfeeding practices and child behavior.

Study Design: We used standardized questionnaire data from a subset of the CHILD Cohort Study (n = 1,573) to measure postpartum depression at 6 months, 1 year and 2 years, parent-child relationship 1 year and 2 years, and child behavior at 5 years using the Child Behavior Checklist (range 0-100).

Biocompatibility of intraperitoneally implanted TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber hydrogels for antigen delivery in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) vaccines.

Disease outbreaks are a major impediment to aquaculture production, and vaccines are integral for disease management. Vaccines can be expensive, vary in effectiveness, and come with adjuvant-induced adverse effects, causing fish welfare issues and negative economic impacts. Three-dimensional biopolymer hydrogels are an appealing new technology for vaccine delivery in aquaculture, with the potential for controlled release of multiple immunomodulators and antigens simultaneously, action as local depots, and tunable surface properties.

Characterizing research partnerships in child health research: A scoping review.

Research partnerships between researchers and knowledge users (KUs) in child health are understudied. This study examined the scope of KU engagement reported in published child health research, inclusive of health research partnership approaches and KU groups. Search strategies were developed by a health research librarian.

Rapid differentiation of infectious salmon anemia virus avirulent (HPR0) from virulent (HPRΔ) variants using multiplex RT-qPCR.

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV; ) causes an economically important disease of Atlantic salmon ( L.). ISA outbreaks have resulted in significant losses of farmed salmon globally, often with a sudden onset.

Primates and disability: Behavioral flexibility and implications for resilience to environmental change.

Congenital malformations, conditions, injuries, and illness can lead to long-term physical impairment and disability in nonhuman primates. How individual primates change their behaviors flexibly to compensate for their disabilities can inform our understanding of their resilience and ability to adjust to environmental change. Here, we synthesize the literature on nonhuman primates and disability, addressing the questions: how does disability influence behavior in primates? What insights can we take from the literature to better understand and predict the capacity of primates to modify their behaviors in the face of human-induced environmental change? We conducted a systematic review of the literature on spontaneous physical impairment and disability in captive, free-ranging, and wild primates.

Validating existing clinical cut-points for the parent-reported Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in a large sample of Canadian children and youth.

Introduction: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), for assessing behavioural and emotional difficulties, has been used internationally as a screening measure for mental health problems. Our objective was to validate the existing (British) SDQ cut-points in a sample of Canadian children and youth, and develop new Canadian SDQ cut-points if needed.

Methods: This study includes data from children and youth aged 6 to 17 years from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (n = 3435) and outpatient records from the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (n = 1075).

No food left behind: foraging route choices among free-ranging Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) in a multi-destination array at the Awajishima Monkey Center, Japan.

Animals must make route choices every day when moving through their habitat while foraging. Choosing an optimal route can be cognitively costly, and primates and other animals have been shown to use simple heuristics, "rules of thumb", to make foraging route choices. We investigated the potential use of heuristics among foraging free-ranging Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) during solitary foraging trials.

Water temperature and disease alters bacterial diversity and cultivability from American lobster () shells.

The American lobster, , is an economically valuable and ecologically important crustacean along the North Atlantic coast of North America. Populations in southern locations have declined in recent decades due to increasing ocean temperatures and disease, and these circumstances are progressing northward. We monitored 57 adult female lobsters, healthy and shell diseased, under three seasonal temperature cycles for a year, to track shell bacterial communities using culturing and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, progression of epizootic shell disease using visual assessment, and antimicrobial activity of hemolymph.

Breastfeeding in the pandemic: A qualitative analysis of breastfeeding experiences among mothers from Canada and the United Kingdom.

Background: Previous research shows that the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in both barriers and facilitators to breastfeeding. However, little research has looked specifically at first-time mothers' experiences of breastfeeding during the pandemic or compared experiences of mothers living in different countries.

Aim: This research explores mothers' breastfeeding experiences to describe how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected breastfeeding journeys in Canada and the United Kingdom.

Primary intraventricular synovial sarcoma of the brain with recurrence - case presentation.

Background: We report a case of recurrent primary intraventricular synovial sarcoma of the brain with no extracranial primary, initially reported as a haemangiopericytoma. We believe this is the first reported case of primary intraventricular synovial sarcoma at this site.

Case Presentation: A 27-year-old male presented to hospital with a new onset of seizures.

Creative hubs in Hanoi, Vietnam: Transgressive spaces in a socialist state?

Vietnam's capital city has recently witnessed the emergence of a new type of cultural space akin to what have been labelled creative hubs in other contexts: that is, locales that foster creation, collaboration, community engagement and business development in the cultural sector. During the 2010s, Hanoi saw a proliferation of small-scale, art-oriented creative hubs, most of them community-led and developed without state funding. In a context marked by a government historically wary of contemporary and experimental arts, these spaces face various forms of state control ranging from the censorship of events, to stiff fines or even closure.

The NESHIE and CP Genetics Resource (NCGR): A database of genes and variants reported in neonatal encephalopathy with suspected hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (NESHIE) and consequential cerebral palsy (CP).

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) with suspected hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) (NESHIE) is a complex syndrome occurring in newborns, characterised by altered neurological function. It has been suggested that genetic variants may influence NESHIE susceptibility and outcomes. Unlike NESHIE, for which a limited number of genetic studies have been performed, many studies have identified genetic variants associated with cerebral palsy (CP), which can develop from severe NESHIE.

Mild movement sequence repetition in five primate species and evidence for a taxonomic divide in cognitive mechanisms.

When animals forage, they face complex multi-destination routing problems. Traplining behaviour-the repeated use of the same route-can be used to study how spatial memory might evolve to cope with complex routing problems in ecologically distinct taxa. We analyzed experimental data from multi-destination foraging arrays for five species, two cercopithecine monkeys (vervets, Chlorocebus pygerythrus, and Japanese macaques, Macaca fuscata) and three strepsirrhines (fat-tailed dwarf lemurs, Cheirogaleus medius, grey mouse lemurs, Microcebus murinus, and aye-ayes, Daubentonia madagascariensis).