USP44 Regulates Chemoresistance Induced by ROS and the MAPK/NF-κB Pathway Through the Stabilization of ITGB4 in Gastric Cancer.

Cisplatin (DDP) is a typical chemotherapy agent employed in gastric cancer (GC). Resistance development significantly impairs the success of GC therapy, and the essential mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Deubiquitinase enzymes are pivotal in mediating drug resistance across various cancers via ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation.

M1-Like Macrophage May Contribute to the Inflammation and Fibrosis Process of Chronic Hepatitis B.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB), driven by persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, is characterised by unresolved liver inflammation and fibrosis. Despite its clinical burden, the immune mechanisms underpinning CHB progression, particularly the role of macrophage polarisation, remain incompletely defined. We integrated multi-modal approaches to dissect the CHB immune microenvironment: immunohistochemistry (HBsAg/HBcAg quantification), imaging mass cytometry (spatial immune mapping), microfluidic high-throughput qPCR (gene profiling) and MILLIPLEX assays (cytokine quantification).

Metagenomic analysis uncovers novel hepadnaviruses and nackednaviruses.

The rapid expansion of next-generation sequencing (NGS) databases over the past decade has significantly advanced the identification of novel viruses across a wide range of host species. The Serratus platform and the NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database were utilized to reassess and analyze publicly available NGS datasets, aiming to identify novel hepadnaviruses and nackednaviruses. Our analysis uncovered multiple complete genomes of previously unrecognized hepadnaviruses and nackednaviruses, including those putatively infecting animals such as hamsters and buffaloes.

Whole-Genome and RNA Sequencing Reveal Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Colorectal Cancer in Persons Living with HIV.

In persons living with HIV (PWH), non-AIDS-related tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC), have become major health concerns worldwide since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy. To date, no study has addressed the underlying molecular mechanisms in PWH with CRC. To explore the impact of PWH with CRC, we sequenced total RNA and DNA from individuals with HIV-negative and PWH formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) CRC for transcriptome and genome analyses.

Regulatory T cells in neurological disorders and tissue regeneration: Mechanisms of action and therapeutic potentials.

Regulatory T cells, a subset of CD4 + T cells, play a critical role in maintaining immune tolerance and tissue homeostasis due to their potent immunosuppressive properties. Recent advances in research have highlighted the important therapeutic potential of Tregs in neurological diseases and tissue repair, emphasizing their multifaceted roles in immune regulation. This review aims to summarize and analyze the mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of Tregs in relation to neurological diseases and neural regeneration.

Improved inverse design method based on AVM for long-distance dielectric laser accelerators.

The dielectric laser accelerator (DLA) is an innovative on-chip particle accelerator that employs a periodic dielectric structure to modulate a laser beam, generating a longitudinal accelerating field to propel particles. Leveraging the high laser-induced damage threshold of dielectric materials, DLAs can achieve significantly higher acceleration gradients compared to traditional accelerators. Current inverse design approaches for DLAs, based on the adjoint variable method (AVM), overlook the impact of changes in electron velocity, which can result in dephasing between electrons and the accelerating field over long distances.

Supramolecular peptide hydrogel epitope vaccine functionalized with CAR-T cells for the treatment of solid tumors.

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, which benefits from the perfect combination of gene editing techniques and antibody engineering, has shown outstanding clinical efficacy in hematological malignancies. Solid tumors present the next challenge due to their extremely complicated microenvironment and structural characteristics. Targeting efficiency and persistence are currently bottleneck issues in the clinical treatment of CAR-T.

Chitosan/hBMSC-ECM biomimetic nerve grafts containing orienting microchannels for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell extracellular matrix (BMSC-ECM) can promote peripheral nerve regeneration, and microphysical orientation is essential for peripheral nerve regeneration. In this study, human-derived BMSC-ECM (hBMSC-ECM) and microchannels were introduced into chitosan-based nerve grafts (OCS/ECM) to construct dual biomimetic nerve grafts of structure and composition. For comparison, the same procedure was applied to nerve grafts containing only orienting microchannels (OCS) and autogenous nerves.

The mechanism and experimental verification of Ixeris sonchifolia promoting apoptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma based on network pharmacology: Ixeris sonchifolia Induces Hepatocellular Carcinoma Apoptosis via the PI3K/AKT Pathway.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ixeris sonchifolia alias Kudiezi, it was named Ixeris sonchifolia (Bunge) Hance, a synonym for Crepidiastrum sonchifolium (Bunge) Pak & Kawano in the https://www.iplant.cn/.

Application of metal-organic frameworks-based functional composite scaffolds in tissue engineering.

With the rapid development of materials science and tissue engineering, a variety of biomaterials have been used to construct tissue engineering scaffolds. Due to the performance limitations of single materials, functional composite biomaterials have attracted great attention as tools to improve the effectiveness of biological scaffolds for tissue repair. In recent years, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown great promise for application in tissue engineering because of their high specific surface area, high porosity, high biocompatibility, appropriate environmental sensitivities and other advantages.

Immune-cell-mediated tissue engineering strategies for peripheral nerve injury and regeneration.

During the process of peripheral nerve repair, there are many complex pathological and physiological changes, including multi-cellular responses and various signaling molecules, and all these events establish a dynamic microenvironment for axon repair, regeneration, and target tissue/organ reinnervation. The immune system plays an indispensable role in the process of nerve repair and function recovery. An effective immune response not only involves innate-immune and adaptive-immune cells but also consists of chemokines and cytokines released by these immune cells.

CHB patients with rtA181T-mutated HBV infection are associated with higher risk hepatocellular carcinoma due to increases in mutation rates of tumour suppressor genes.

The HBV rtA181T mutation is associated with an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). This study aimed to evaluate the mechanism by which rtA181T mutation increases the risk of HCC. We enrolled 470 CHB patients with rtA181T and rtA181V mutation in this study; 68 (22.

Bionic peptide scaffold in situ polarization and recruitment of M2 macrophages to promote peripheral nerve regeneration.

Tissue regeneration requires exogenous and endogenous signals, and there is increasing evidence that the exogenous microenvironment may play an even more dominant role in the complex process of coordinated multiple cells. The short-distance peripheral nerve showed a spontaneous regenerative phenomenon, which was initiated by the guiding role of macrophages. However, it cannot sufficiently restore long-distance nerve injury by itself.

Recent advances in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer, accounting for 75%-85% of cases. Although treatments are given to cure early-stage HCC, up to 50%-70% of individuals may experience a relapse of the illness in the liver after 5 years. Research on the fundamental treatment modalities for recurrent HCC is moving significantly further.

The immune microenvironment and tissue engineering strategies for spinal cord regeneration.

Regeneration of neural tissue is limited following spinal cord injury (SCI). Successful regeneration of injured nerves requires the intrinsic regenerative capability of the neurons and a suitable microenvironment. However, the local microenvironment is damaged, including insufficient intraneural vascularization, prolonged immune responses, overactive immune responses, dysregulated bioenergetic metabolism and terminated bioelectrical conduction.

Cannabidiol inhibits invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer cells by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, wherein distant metastasis is the main reason for death. The non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) effectively induces the apoptosis of CRC cells. We investigated the role of CBD in the migration and metastasis of CRC cells.

Customized Multifunctional Peptide Hydrogel Scaffolds for CAR-T-Cell Rapid Proliferation and Solid Tumor Immunotherapy.

CAR-T-cell therapies must be expanded to obtain a large number of effector cells quickly, and the current technology cannot address this challenge. A longer operational time would lose or alter the function and phenotype of CAR-T cells in response to therapy, and it also causes a loss in the optimal treatment time for patients. At present, lower survival time and homing efficiency reduce the antitumor effect of CAR-T in vivo.

Near-infrared chemiluminescent nanoprobes for deep imaging and synergistic photothermal-nitric-oxide therapy of bacterial infection.

Bacterial infection is the leading cause of many serious inflammation diseases threatening human health. Existing theranostic options for bacterial infection are always complicated and unsatisfactory. There is an increasing interest in developing a more effective theranostic approach for the treatment of infections.

RDIVpSGP motif of ASPP2 binds to 14-3-3 and enhances ASPP2/k18/14-3-3 ternary complex formulation to promote BRAF/MEK/ERK signal inhibited cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The Apoptosis Stimulating Protein of p53 2 (ASPP2) is a heterozygous insufficient tumor suppressor; however, its molecular mechanism(s) in tumor suppression is not completely understood. ASPP2 plays an essential role in cell growth, as shown by liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) RNA-seq assay using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and High-Throughput-PCR assay using ASPP2 knockdown cells. These observations were further confirmed by in vivo and in vitro experiments.

β-Asarone Protects PC12 Cells Against Hypoxia-Induced Injury Via Negatively Regulating RPPH1/MiR-542-3p/DEDD2 Axis.

Hypoxic injury to the brain is very intricate under the control of biochemical reactions induced by various factors and mechanisms. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have already been revealed to affect pathological processes in the nervous system of different degrees. This research aimed to investigate the mechanisms implicated in hypoxic brain injury.

Heterogeneity induced GZMA-F2R communication inefficient impairs antitumor immunotherapy of PD-1 mAb through JAK2/STAT1 signal suppression in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Tumor heterogeneity has been associated with immunotherapy and targeted drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, communications between tumor and cytotoxic cells are poorly understood to date. In the present study, thirty-one clusters of cells were discovered in the tumor tissues and adjacent tissues through single-cell sequencing.

Construction and Biocompatibility Evaluation of Fibroin/Sericin-Based Scaffolds.

Because tissue responses to implants determine the success or failure of tissue engineering products, fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds including bionic silk scaffolds, native silk fibers, fibroin fibers, and regenerated fibroin have been fabricated, and their biocompatibility was investigated. Fibroin/sericin-based scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Bionic silk scaffolds were beneficial to silk fiber formation through self-assembly.

Immune Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles - New Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy.

Immune cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have increasingly become the focus of research due to their unique characteristics and bioinspired applications. They are lipid bilayer membrane nanosized vesicles harboring a range of immune cell-derived surface receptors and effector molecules from parental cells. Immune cell-derived EVs are important mediators of intercellular communication that regulate specific mechanisms of adaptive and innate immune responses.

The Intracellular Mechanism of Berberine-Induced Inhibition of CYP3A4 Activity.

Background: Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid extracted from the Chinese medicine, exerting a variety of pharmacological effects. BBR is partially metabolized by cytochrome 3A4 (CYP3A4) in vivo. Some reports indicated that BBR could inhibit the activity of CYP3A4.