Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Stripe Rust Response in Wheat Cultivar Anmai1350.

Wheat ( L.) is the world's most indispensable staple crop and a vital source of food for human diet. Wheat stripe rust, caused by f.

Cellulose synthase TaCESA7 negatively regulates wheat resistance to stripe rust by reducing cell wall lignification.

Cellulose is synthesized by cellulose synthases (CESAs) in plasma membrane-localized complexes, which act as a central component of the cell wall and influence plant growth and defense responses. Puccinia striiformis f. sp.

Wheat MAPK cascade mediates SGT1 nuclear entry targeted by a stripe rust effector.

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades play a fundamental role in plant immunity by transducing external signals inside plant cells. Here, we defined a wheat MAPK cascade, composed of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) TaMKK2 and its downstream MAPK TaMAPK6, which phosphorylates the core immune regulator TaSGT1 (suppressor of G2 allele of Skp1), resulting in enhanced nuclear entry of TaSGT1, thereby conferring resistance against the devastating wheat pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp.

TaANK-TPR1 enhances wheat resistance against stripe rust via controlling gene expression and protein activity of NLR protein TaRPP13L1.

Nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins activate a robust immune response on recognition of pathogen invasion. However, the function and regulatory mechanisms of NLRs during Puccinia striiformis f. sp.

The synergistic effect of radical and non-radical processes on the dephosphorization of dimethoate by vacuum ultraviolet: The overlooked roles of singlet oxygen atom and high-energy excited state.

Organophosphorus pesticides are extensively utilized worldwide, but their incomplete dephosphorization poses significant environmental risks. This study investigates the dephosphorization of dimethoate (DMT), a representative organophosphorus pesticide, using a vacuum ultraviolet system. Surprisingly, in addition to hydroxyl radicals (OH), non-radical processes such as photoexcitation and singlet oxygen atoms (O(D)) exert more significant effects on DMT dephosphorization.

Quantitative phosphoproteomics reveals molecular pathway network in wheat resistance to stripe rust.

Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in immune signaling transduction in plant resistance to pathogens. Wheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp.

Identification and Functional Analysis of Genes from the Wheat Stripe Rust Fungus f. sp. .

Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (C), antigen 5 (A), and pathogenesis-related 1 proteins (P) comprise widespread CAP superfamily proteins, which have been proven to be novel virulence factors of mammalian pathogenic fungi and some plant pathogens. Despite this, the identification and function of CAP proteins in more species of plant pathogens still need to be studied. This work presents the identification and functional analysis of CAP superfamily proteins from f.

Research on Electric Field-Induced Catalysis Using Single-Molecule Electrical Measurement.

The role of catalysis in controlling chemical reactions is crucial. As an important external stimulus regulatory tool, electric field (EF) catalysis enables further possibilities for chemical reaction regulation. To date, the regulation mechanism of electric fields and electrons on chemical reactions has been modeled.

The overlooked role of UV induced high-energy excited states in the dephosphorization of organophosphorus pesticide by VUV/persulfate.

Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) recently attracted widespread interests. However, the role of UV in VUV is only considered to be generating a series of active species, while the effect of photoexcitation has long been overlooked. In this work, the role of UV induced high-energy excited state for the dephosphorization of organophosphorus pesticides was studied using malathion as a model.

CaREM1.4 interacts with CaRIN4 to regulate tolerance by triggering cell death in pepper.

Remorins, plant-specific proteins, have a significant role in conferring on plants the ability to adapt to adverse environments. However, the precise function of remorins in resistance to biological stress remains largely unknown. Eighteen genes were identified in pepper genome sequences based on the C-terminal conserved domain that is specific to remorin proteins in this research.

Non-radical degradation of organic pharmaceuticals by g-CN under visible light irradiation: The overlooked role of excitonic energy transfer.

In this work, an excitonic energy transfer (EET) based non-radical mechanism was proposed for the degradation of organic pharmaceuticals by graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) under visible light irradiation. Using diclofenac (DCF) as a model molecule, the competition between single electron transfer (SET) and EET was studied through modulating the exciton binding energy of g-CN. The different mechanisms of SET and EET for DCF degradation were predicted by DFT calculation, and further confirmed by their different degradation pathways.

The degradation of municipal solid waste incineration leachate by UV/persulfate and UV/HO processes: The different selectivity of SO and OH.

In this work, the different selectivity of SO and OH towards municipal solid waste incineration leachates (MSWILs) was studied by a comparative study of UV/persulfate (PS) and UV/HO. Results showed SO preferentially mineralized carbon atoms of higher average oxidation state, while OH showed a two-stage mechanism of partial oxidation and mineralization successively. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis showed SO had superior selectivity towards MSWILs than OH, and Fe(II) would significantly affect the selectivity via forming Fe-MSWILs complex.

Comparative evaluation of MSW incineration leachate treatment by heterogeneous catalytic O and UV/O: The unexpected contribution of high salinity and overlooked role of excited state.

The efficiency and mechanism of heterogeneous catalytic O and UV/O for municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration leachate advanced treatment was systematically compared. Prior to comparison, catalyst used in heterogenous catalytic O and operation parameters for each technology were optimized. The COD removal of CuO@AlO/O under its optimal parameters was 57.

Insight into the role of Fe in the synergetic effect of persulfate/sulfite and FeO@g-CN for carbamazepine degradation.

In this work, the role of Fe in the synergetic effect of persulfate/sulfite and FeO@g-CN (FCN) for carbamazepine (CBZ) degradation was studied. Unexpectedly, FeO in FCN plays very different roles for sulfite [S(IV)] and persulfate (PS) activation. Specifically, since photo-generated holes (h) can transform S(IV) into SO, and photo-generated electrons (e) can accelerate Fe(III) reduction which promotes transition metal based S(IV) activation, a synergetic effect of photocatalysis and Fe is observed in FCN/S(IV)/vis system.

Comparative in Silico Analysis of Ferric Reduction Oxidase (FRO) Genes Expression Patterns in Response to Abiotic Stresses, Metal and Hormone Applications.

The ferric reduction oxidase (FRO) gene family is involved in various biological processes widely found in plants and may play an essential role in metal homeostasis, tolerance and intricate signaling networks in response to a number of abiotic stresses. Our study describes the identification, characterization and evolutionary relationships of FRO genes families. Here, total 50 FRO genes in Plantae and 15 ‘FRO like’ genes in non-Plantae were retrieved from 16 different species.

CLD1/SRL1 modulates leaf rolling by affecting cell wall formation, epidermis integrity and water homeostasis in rice.

Leaf rolling is considered as one of the most important agronomic traits in rice breeding. It has been previously reported that SEMI-ROLLED LEAF 1 (SRL1) modulates leaf rolling by regulating the formation of bulliform cells in rice (Oryza sativa); however, the regulatory mechanism underlying SRL1 has yet to be further elucidated. Here, we report the functional characterization of a novel leaf-rolling mutant, curled leaf and dwarf 1 (cld1), with multiple morphological defects.

REL2, A Gene Encoding An Unknown Function Protein which Contains DUF630 and DUF632 Domains Controls Leaf Rolling in Rice.

Background: Rice leaves are important energy source for the whole plant. An optimal structure will be beneficial for rice leaves to capture light energy and exchange gas, thus increasing the yield of rice. Moderate leaf rolling and relatively erect plant architecture may contribute to high yield of rice, but the relevant molecular mechanism remains unclear.