Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Mechanisms of Stripe Rust Response in Wheat Cultivar Anmai1350.

Wheat ( L.) is the world's most indispensable staple crop and a vital source of food for human diet. Wheat stripe rust, caused by f. sp. (), constitutes a severe threat to wheat production and in severe cases, the crop fails completely. Anmai1350 (AM1350) is moderately resistant to leaf rust and powdery mildew, and highly susceptible to sheath blight and fusarium head blight. We found that the length and area of mycelium in AM1350 cells varied at different time points of infection. To investigate the molecular mechanism of AM1350 resistance to , we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq). In this study, we analyzed the transcriptomic changes of the seedling leaves of AM1350 at different stages of infection at 0 h post-infection (hpi), 6 hpi, 24 hpi, 48 hpi, 72 hpi, and 120 hpi through RNA-seq. Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to validate RNA-seq data. It was determined that there were differences in the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of AM1350, and the upregulation and downregulation of the DEGs changed with the time of infection. At different time points, there were varying degrees of enrichment in the response pathways of AM1350, such as the "MAPK signaling pathway-plant", the "plant-pathogen interaction" pathway and other pathways. After infected AM1350, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content gradually increases. The ROS is toxic to , promotes the synthesis of phytoalexins, and inhibits the spread of . As a result, AM1350 shows resistance to race CYR34. The main objective of this study is to provide a better understanding for resistance mechanisms of wheat in response to infections and to avoid production loss.