Design, Synthesis and Antidiabetic Activity of Novel Pyrrole-3-Carboximidamide Derivatives as Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as an effective therapeutic option. A new series of pyrrole-3-carboximidamide derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated as DPP-4 inhibitors. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited favorable inhibitory activity against the DPP-4 enzyme, and compounds 5f and 5g were found to be the most potent inhibitors with IC₅₀ values of 12.

Cannabidiol Enhances Stress-Induced Cellular Damage: Potential Contribution of Kv2.1 Inhibition.

Kv2.1 channels, a subset of voltage-gated potassium channels, play critical roles in regulating cellular processes such as proliferation and apoptosis. While cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid, is known to modulate various ion channels, its specific effects on Kv2.

Effect of Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction Containing Hesperidin and Diosmin on Vincristine-Induced Neuropathy in Rats; the Role of Nitric Oxide Pathway.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a potential complication that can develop following cancer chemotherapy.

Objectives: Due to limited medical interventions for the prevention and management of CIPN caused by vincristine, a painful and common complication, further research to find the mechanisms of CIPN and the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies is needed.

Methods: We induced CIPN in male Wistar rats by administering intraperitoneal vincristine (VCR) at a dose of 0.

Neuroprotective Effects of Early TLR4 Blockade with Compound C34 in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Alleviation of Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis.

Background: Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by hippocampal necrosis and apoptosis. Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of TLE, with toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) serving as a key mediator. Activation of TLR4 leads to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, which contribute to neuronal injury and apoptosis.

A Survey of the Effectiveness of Patient Blood Management Workshops to Nurses in Shiraz, Iran, Using the Kirkpatrick Model.

Adequate nurse knowledge is imperative to ensure safe blood transfusion practices. This study evaluates the effectiveness of patient blood management (PBM) workshops on improving nurses' knowledge and practices regarding blood transfusions in Shiraz, Iran. Using Kirkpatrick's model, the study assessed reaction, learning, behavior, and results.

Comparative Analysis of Preoperative Sedation Modalities: Oral Midazolam and Ketamine Versus Chloral Hydrate and Meperidine in Pediatric Tonsillectomy - A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Objective: A pre-anesthetic medication that is ideal for pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy should alleviate pediatric anxiety, facilitate the smooth induction of anesthesia, and have an analgesic effect for postoperative care. This study compared the effectiveness of an oral combination of midazolam and ketamine (MK) with an oral combination of chloral hydrate and meperidine (CM) as premedication in pediatric patients undergoing tonsillectomy.

Methods: This double-blind clinical trial study was conducted with 68 pediatric patients scheduled to undergo tonsillectomy.

Asymptomatic migration of ureteral stent to superior vena cava after ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy: An extremely rare case and review of the literature.

Ureteral stent migration should be considered a rare complication of urologic procedures. We report a 69-year-old woman diagnosed with ureteral stent migration two weeks after undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy while she was symptom-free. The stent passed through the heart and extended to the superior vena cava and right brachiocephalic vein.

Mitochondrial plasticity and synaptic plasticity crosstalk; in health and Alzheimer's disease.

Synaptic plasticity is believed to underlie the cellular and molecular basis of memory formation. Mitochondria are one of the main organelles involved in metabolism and energy maintenance as plastic organelles that change morphologically and functionally in response to cellular needs and regulate synaptic function and plasticity through multiple mechanisms, including ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, and biogenesis. An increased neuronal activity enhances synaptic efficiency, during which mitochondria's spatial distribution and morphology change significantly.

Permanent longitudinal strain damage of cardiotoxic drugs in childhood cancer: What is the safe level?

Objective: Anthracycline administration in children is associated with cardiac dysfunction. Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) can detect subclinical cardiac damage that may go undetected by conventional two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography. This study aims to investigate medium-term anthracycline cardiotoxicity using STE and determine a safer administrable level of anthracyclines (ACs).

Does red blood cell transfusion affect clinical outcomes in critically ill patients? A report from a large teaching hospital in south Iran.

Background: Despite the beneficial effects, RBC transfusion can be associated with infectious and non-infectious complications in critically ill patients.

Objectives: Investigate current RBC transfusion practices and their effect on the clinical outcomes of patients in intensive care units (ICUs).

Design: Retrospective observational study.

A novel scoring system for early prediction of massive transfusion requirement in trauma patients.

Early resuscitation using blood products is critical for patients with severe hemorrhagic shock. We aimed to develop and validate a new scoring system, hemorrhagic shock transfusion prediction (HSTP) score, to predict the need for massive transfusion (MT) in these patients, compared to the widely used Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score. Trauma patients admitted to Emtiaz Hospital in Iran from 2017 to 2021 were retrospectively included.

The Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Partially Purified Polysaccharide Fractions of Cell-free Medium and Biomass of PCST5.

Background: is a cyanobacteria species containing various bioactive compounds. is a known source of nutrients in some traditional diets. Different activities have been reported for various extracts of .

Neuroprotective Effects of Ferrostatin and Necrostatin Against Entorhinal Amyloidopathy-Induced Electrophysiological Alterations Mediated by voltage-gated Ca Channels in the Dentate Gyrus Granular Cells.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is the main form of dementia. Abnormal deposition of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptides in neurons and synapses cause neuronal loss and cognitive deficits. We have previously reported that ferroptosis and necroptosis were implicated in Aβ neurotoxicity, and their specific inhibitors had attenuating effects on cognitive impairment induced by Aβ neurotoxicity.

Development of Dual Inhibitors of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase with Tetrazole Core.

Introduction: The attractive biological actions of the eicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and endocannabinoids (eCBs) are terminated by means of enzymatic hydrolysis via soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzymes. Simultaneous inhibition of both enzymes is considered a novel approach in the treatment of inflammatory and neuropathic pain.

Methods: In this study, a novel series of tetrazole derivatives as dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated.

Thigh Length as the Most Consistent Anthropometric Parameter in Predicting the Size of Hamstring Tendon Autografts in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Individual variability in the length and thickness of hamstring tendon autografts is a serious drawback in using these tendons for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). In this study, we aimed to determine the correlation between the anthropometric parameters and the size of hamstring tendon autografts.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 52 male ACLR candidates were included.

Simultaneous adrenal and retroperitoneal myelolipoma resected by laparoscopic surgery: a challenging case.

Background: Myelolipoma is a benign neoplasm of the adrenal cortex, composed of fat and hematopoietic cells. Although myelolipoma is benign, differentiation from adrenocortical cancer may be difficult. The presence of adrenal and extra-adrenal myelolipomas simultaneously is sporadic, making it a challenging case, especially when the preoperative diagnosis is ambiguous.

Hybrid Analogues of Hydrazone and Phthalimide: Design, Synthesis, , , and Evaluation as Analgesic Agents.

Background: Based on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of hydrazone and phthalimide, a new series of hybrid hydrazone and phthalimide pharmacophores was prepared and evaluated as analgesic agents.

Methods: The designed ligands were synthesized by reaction of the appropriate aldehydes and 2- aminophthalimide. Analgesic, cyclooxygenase inhibitory, and cytostatic activity of prepared compounds were measured.

Functional outcomes and quality of life after surgically treated tibial plateau fractures.

Background: Tibial plateau fractures (TPF) are uncommon and challenging for orthopedic surgeons with controversial reported outcomes. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes and quality of life (QOL) of patients with surgically treated TPF.

Methods: A total of 80 consecutive patients and 82 controls participated in this case control study.

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of new 2-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)--phenylimidazo[1,2-]pyridin-3-amine as selective COX-2 inhibitors.

Cyclooxygenase (COX), which plays a role in converting arachidonic acid to inflammatory mediators, could be inhibited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Although potent NSAIDs are available for the treatment of pain, fever, and inflammation, some side effects, such as gastrointestinal ulcers, limit the use of these medications. In recent years, selective COX-2 inhibitors with a lower incidence of adverse effects attained an important position in medicinal chemistry.

Feeding Byproduct-Based Concentrates Instead of Human-Edible Feed Ingredients Increases Net Food Production and Improves Performance of High-Producing Holstein Cows.

The effect of feeding greater amounts of byproducts (BP) as a replacement for human-edible (HE) feed ingredients on nutrient intake, chewing activity, rumen fermentation, production performance, human-edible feed conversion efficiency (HeFCE) and net food production (NFP) of high-producing Holstein cows was evaluated. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows (BW = 673 ± 44, DIM = 112 ± 8 d; 48 ± 2.25 kg/d of milk; mean ± SE) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design with 28-d periods.

Role of amyloid beta (25-35) neurotoxicity in the ferroptosis and necroptosis as modalities of regulated cell death in Alzheimer's disease.

Neuronal cell death as a prominent pathological feature contributes to cognitive decline and memory loss in Alzheimer's disease. We investigated the role of two forms of cell death pathways, ferroptosis and necroptosis, and their interactions following entorhinal cortex (EC) amyloidopathy. The Aβ was bilaterally injected into the rat's EC, and Morris Water Maze was applied to determine spatial performance one week after Aβ injection.

Phosphonate analog of 2-oxoglutarate regulates glutamate-glutamine homeostasis and counteracts amyloid beta induced learning and memory deficits in rats.

Background: Metabolic alteration is a mainstream concept underlying the cognitive decline in neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial enzyme α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDHC) seems to play a dual-edged sword role in cytotoxic insult. Here, using succinyl phosphonate (SP), a specific α-KGDHC inhibitor, we aimed to examine its potential action on AD progression.

The Role of the Possible Receptors and Intracellular Pathways in Protective Effect of Exogenous Anandamide in Kindling Model of Epilepsy.

In this research, the involvement of CB1 and TRPV1 receptors in the possible protective effects of anandamide were investigated in the kindling model of epilepsy. The basolateral amygdala of the rat brain was chosen to put stimulating electrodes. Semi-rapid kindling was induced by a repetitive sub-threshold stimulation for 5-9 consecutive days.

Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors contribute to the antiepileptic effect of electrical stimulation in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.

Low-frequency deep brain stimulation (LFS) inhibits neuronal hyperexcitability during epilepsy. Accordingly, the use of LFS as a treatment method for patients with drug-resistant epilepsy has been proposed. However, the LFS antiepileptic mechanisms are not fully understood.